TEDWomen 2013
Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)
Esta Soler: Kako smo promenili tok nasilja u porodici (uz pomoć Polaroida)
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Readability: 3.3
1,230,517 views
Kada je Esta Soler lobirala za zakon o iskorenjivanju nasilja u porodici 1984. godine, jedan političar ga je nazvao "Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka". "Da sam samo tada imala Tviter", našalila se ona. Ovaj nadahnuti, optimistični govor opisuje taktike i tehničke izume - od Polaroid kamere do društvenih mreža - koji su u periodu od 30 godina uspeli da snize stepen nasilja u porodici u SAD za 64%.
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expert
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want you to imagine
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Želim da zamislite
00:14
what a breakthrough this was
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kakvo je to otkriće bilo
00:16
for women who were victims of violence
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za žene koje su bile žrtve nasilja
00:19
in the 1980s.
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u osamdesetim.
00:21
They would come into the emergency room
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Došle bi u hitnu pomoć
00:24
with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"
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zbog onoga što su policajci nazivali
ljubavnim nesuglasicama
ljubavnim nesuglasicama
00:28
and I would see a woman who was beaten,
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i videla bih tu ženu koja je bila tučena,
00:31
I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist
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videla bih slomljen nos i izvrnut zglob
00:36
and swollen eyes.
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i natečene oči.
00:38
And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,
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I kao aktivisti, izvadili bismo
naše Polaroid kamere
naše Polaroid kamere
00:42
we would take her picture,
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uslikali bismo je,
00:44
we would wait 90 seconds,
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sačekali bismo 90 sekundi,
00:47
and we would give her the photograph.
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i dali bismo joj fotografiju.
00:50
And she would then have
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I onda bi ona imala
00:52
the evidence she needed to go to court.
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dokaz koji joj je bio potreban
da ode na sud.
da ode na sud.
00:55
We were making what was invisible visible.
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Ono što je bilo nevidljivo
činili smo vidljivim.
činili smo vidljivim.
00:59
I've been doing this for 30 years.
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Radim to već 30 godina.
01:01
I've been part of a social movement
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Deo sam društvenog pokreta
01:03
that has been working on ending
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koji radi na zaustavljanju
01:05
violence against women and children.
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nasilja nad ženama i decom.
01:09
And for all those years,
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I tokom svih tih godina,
01:12
I've had an absolutely passionate
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vodila sam se strastvenim,
01:17
and sometimes not popular belief
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a ponekad i nepopularnim mišljenjem
01:20
that this violence is not inevitable,
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da ovo nasilje nije neizbežno,
01:23
that it is learned, and if it's learned,
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da se ono uči, i ako je naučeno,
01:26
it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.
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može da se oduči, i tako da se spreči.
01:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:38
Why do I believe this?
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Zašto verujem u to?
01:40
Because it's true.
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Jer je istina.
01:42
It is absolutely true.
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To je čista istina
01:44
Between 1993 and 2010,
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Između 1993. i 2010. godine
01:50
domestic violence among adult women
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nasilje u porodici nad odraslim ženama
01:53
in the United States
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u SAD
01:54
has gone down by 64 percent,
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smanjilo se za 64 odsto,
01:58
and that is great news.
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i to su sjajne vesti.
02:00
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:03
Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?
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64 odsto. Kako li smo došli dotle?
02:06
Our eyes were wide open.
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Naše oči bile su širom otvorene.
02:08
Thirty years ago, women were beaten,
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Pre trideset godina, žene su tukli,
02:10
they were stalked, they were raped,
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pratili ih, silovali,
02:12
and no one talked about it.
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i niko nije pričao o tome.
02:15
There was no justice.
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Nije bilo pravde.
02:17
And as an activist, that was not good enough.
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I kao aktivistkinji,
to mi nije bilo dovoljno.
to mi nije bilo dovoljno.
02:21
And so step one on this journey
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I zato prvi korak na ovom putovaju
02:24
is we organized,
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bio je to što smo organizovali,
02:26
and we created this extraordinary
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i kreirali ovu izvanrednu
02:29
underground network of amazing women
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podzemnu mrežu fantastičnih žena
02:32
who opened shelters,
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koje su otvorile skloništa,
02:33
and if they didn't open a shelter,
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a ako nisu otvorile skloništa,
02:35
they opened their home
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otvorile bi svoj dom
02:37
so that women and children could be safe.
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kako bi žene i deca bili sigurni.
02:40
And you know what else we did?
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I znate li šta smo još uradili?
02:42
We had bake sales, we had car washes,
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Organizovali smo prodaju peciva,
pranje automobila,
pranje automobila,
02:45
and we did everything we could do to fundraise,
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radili smo sve što je u našoj moći
da prikupimo novac,
da prikupimo novac,
02:48
and then at one point we said,
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i onda smo u jednom momentu rekli
02:50
you know, it's time that we went
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znate, vreme je da odemo
02:52
to the federal government
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u državnu upravu
02:54
and asked them to pay for these
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i pitamo ih da nam plate
02:56
extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.
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za ove neverovatne usluge
koje spasavaju ljudima živote.
koje spasavaju ljudima živote.
03:00
Right? (Applause)
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Zar ne?
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
03:02
And so, step number two,
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Tako dolazimo do koraka broj dva,
03:05
we knew we needed to change the laws.
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jer znali smo da zakon
mora da se promeni.
mora da se promeni.
03:07
And so we went to Washington,
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I zato smo otišli u Vašington,
03:10
and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.
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i lobirali smo za prvi pravni akt.
03:15
And I remember walking through the halls
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Sećam se kako sam išla tim hodnicima
03:17
of the U.S. Capitol,
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američke prestonice,
03:20
and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,
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bila sam u tridesetim,
i moj život je imao svrhu,
i moj život je imao svrhu,
03:24
and I couldn't imagine
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i nisam mogla da zamislim
03:26
that anybody would ever challenge
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da će iko ikada probati da ospori
03:28
this important piece of legislation.
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ovaj bitni pravni akt.
03:30
I was probably 30 and naive.
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Verovatno sam samo bila naivna
tridesetogodišnjakinja.
tridesetogodišnjakinja.
03:33
But I heard about a congressman
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Ali čula sam za kongresmena
03:35
who had a very, very different point of view.
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koji je imao vrlo,
vrlo drugačiji stav o tome.
vrlo drugačiji stav o tome.
03:38
Do you know what he called
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Znate li kako je zvao
03:40
this important piece of legislation?
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taj važni pravni akt?
03:42
He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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Zvao ga je
Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka.
Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka.
03:46
The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka.
03:48
Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984
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Dame i gospodo, to je bilo 1984. godine
03:50
in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.
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u SAD i volela bih
da sam imala Tviter.
da sam imala Tviter.
03:54
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:57
Ten years later, after lots of hard work,
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Deset godina kasnije,
nakon puno napornog rada,
nakon puno napornog rada,
04:00
we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,
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konačno je prihvaćen
Akt protiv nasilja nad ženama,
Akt protiv nasilja nad ženama,
04:03
which is a life-changing act
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a to je akt koji može da promeni živote
04:05
that has saved so many lives. (Applause)
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i koji je spasao toliko mnogo života.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
04:08
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:10
I was proud to be part of that work,
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Bila sam ponosna što sam bila deo toga,
04:13
and it changed the laws
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a to je dovelo do promene zakona
04:15
and it put millions of dollars into local communities.
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i milioni dolara uplaćeni su
lokalnim zajednicama.
04:18
And you know what else it did? It collected data.
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Znate li do čega je to još dovelo?
Do skupljanja podataka.
04:20
And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.
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Da znate, podaci su moja strast!
04:23
In fact, I am a data nerd.
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Zapravo, pravi sam štreber po tom pitanju.
04:26
I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.
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Verujem da ovde ima
puno štrebera za podatke.
puno štrebera za podatke.
04:28
I am a data nerd,
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Ja sam štreber za podatke,
04:29
and the reason for that is I want to make sure
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a to je tako jer želim da budem sigurna
04:32
that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,
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da će program raditi
ako potrošimo samo dolar,
ako potrošimo samo dolar,
04:35
and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.
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a ako ne bude radio,
treba da promenimo plan.
treba da promenimo plan.
04:39
And I also want to say one other thing:
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Želim da kažem još jednu stvar:
04:43
We are not going to solve this problem
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nećemo rešiti ovaj problem
04:45
by building more jails
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građenjem novih zatvora,
04:48
or by even building more shelters.
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pa čak ni novih skloništa.
04:50
It is about economic empowerment for women,
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Radi se o boljem ekonomskom statusu žena,
04:54
it is about healing kids who are hurt,
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o nezi povređene dece,
04:56
and it is about prevention with a capital P.
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o prevenciji sa velikim P.
05:00
And so, step number three on this journey:
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I zato, korak broj tri na ovom putovanju:
05:04
We know, if we're going to
keep making this progress,
keep making this progress,
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znamo da, ako želimo da nastavimo
s ovim napretkom,
s ovim napretkom,
05:07
we're going to have to turn up the volume,
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moramo da pojačamo zvuk,
05:09
we're going to have to increase the visibility,
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moramo da budemo vidljiviji,
05:12
and we're going to have to engage the public.
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i moramo da uključimo javnost.
05:15
And so knowing that, we went
to the Advertising Council,
to the Advertising Council,
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Znajući to, otišli smo
do Saveta za marketing
do Saveta za marketing
05:18
and we asked them to help us
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i zamolili smo ih da nam pomognu
05:20
build a public education campaign.
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da napravimo kampanju
za edukaciju javnosti.
za edukaciju javnosti.
05:23
And we looked around the world to Canada
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Gledali smo kako to rade širom sveta
05:25
and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,
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u Kanadi, Australiji i Brazilu
i delovima Afrike,
i delovima Afrike,
05:28
and we took this knowledge
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i upotrebili smo novo znanje
05:30
and we built the first national
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i napravili prvu nacionalnu
05:32
public education campaign
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kampanju za edukaciju javnosti
05:34
called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.
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koja se zvala
"Za nasilje u porodici nema izgovora".
"Za nasilje u porodici nema izgovora".
05:37
Take a look at one of our spots.
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Pogledajte jedan naš spot.
05:39
(Video) Man: Where's dinner?
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(Video)
Muškarac: Gde je večera?
Muškarac: Gde je večera?
05:41
Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—
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Žena: Pa, mislila sam da ćeš doći kući
pre par sati i sve sam sklonila, pa...
pre par sati i sve sam sklonila, pa...
05:45
Man: What is this? Pizza.
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
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Muškarac: Šta je ovo?
Pica?
Pica?
Žena: Da si me samo nazvao, znala bih....
05:48
Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza?
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
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Muškarac: Pica za večeru?
Žena: Dragi, nemoj tako glasno.
05:51
Please don't—Let go of me!
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Molim te nemoj - Pusti me!
05:53
Man: Get in the kitchen!
Woman: No! Help!
Woman: No! Help!
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Muškarac: Idi u kuhinju!
Žena: Ne! Upomoć!
Žena: Ne! Upomoć!
05:56
Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)
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Muškarac: Hoćeš li da vidiš šta boli?
(Udara ženu)
(Udara ženu)
05:58
That's what hurts! That's what hurts!
(Breaking glass)
(Breaking glass)
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Ovo boli! Ovo boli!
(Staklo se lomi)
(Staklo se lomi)
06:01
Woman: Help me!
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Žena: Molim te!
06:04
["Children have to sit by and watch.
What's your excuse?"]
What's your excuse?"]
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["Deca moraju da sede i gledaju.
Koji je tvoj izgovor"]
Koji je tvoj izgovor"]
06:07
Esta Soler: As we were in the process
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Esra Soler: Dok smo bili u procesu
06:09
of releasing this campaign,
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objavljivanja kampanje
06:11
O.J. Simpson was arrested
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O.Dž. Simpson je bio uhapšen
06:13
for the murder of his wife and her friend.
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za ubistvo svoje žene
i njene prijateljice.
i njene prijateljice.
06:17
We learned that he had a long history
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Saznali smo da je imao dugu istoriju
06:19
of domestic violence.
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nasilja u porodici.
06:20
The media became fixated.
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Mediji su postali opsednuti.
06:23
The story of domestic violence
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Priča o nasilju u porodici
06:25
went from the back page,
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popela se sa poslednje,
06:26
but actually from the no-page, to the front page.
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zapravo, sa nepostojeće,
na naslovnu stranicu.
na naslovnu stranicu.
06:29
Our ads blanketed the airwaves,
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Naša reklama je bila svuda u etru,
06:32
and women, for the first time,
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i žene su, po prvi put,
06:34
started to tell their stories.
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počele da dele svoje priče.
06:37
Movements are about moments,
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Pokreti nastaju zbog momenata
06:40
and we seized this moment.
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i mi smo ugrabili taj momenat.
06:43
And let me just put this in context.
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Dopustite mi da vas upoznam
sa širim kontekstom.
sa širim kontekstom.
06:45
Before 1980, do you have any idea
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Imate li ideju koliko je članaka
pre 1980.
pre 1980.
06:48
how many articles were in The New York Times
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objavljeno u Njujork tajmsu
06:51
on domestic violence?
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o nasilju u porodici?
06:54
I'll tell you: 158.
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Reći ću vam: 158.
06:58
And in the 2000s, over 7,000.
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A u godinama nakon 2000. preko 7000.
07:02
We were obviously making a difference.
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Bilo je očigledno da smo pravili razliku.
07:05
But we were still missing a critical element.
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Ali i dalje nam je falio
najvažniji element.
najvažniji element.
07:08
So, step four: We needed to engage men.
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Dakle, četvrti korak:
morali smo da uključimo muškarce.
morali smo da uključimo muškarce.
07:14
We couldn't solve this problem
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Nismo mogli da rešimo ovaj problem
07:16
with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.
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dok 50 odsto populacije stoji sa strane.
07:19
And I already told you I'm a data nerd.
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Već sam vam rekla
da sam štreber za podatke.
da sam štreber za podatke.
07:21
National polling told us that men felt indicted
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Rezultati nacionalne ankete pokazali su
da su se muškarci osećali optuženim,
da su se muškarci osećali optuženim,
07:25
and not invited into this conversation.
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a ne pozvanim u ovu konverzaciju.
07:27
So we wondered, how can we include men?
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Zato smo se upitali
kako da uključimo i muškarce?
kako da uključimo i muškarce?
07:31
How can we get men to talk about
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Kako da nateramo muškarce da govore
07:33
violence against women and girls?
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o nasilju nad ženama i devojčicama?
07:36
And a male friend of mine pulled me aside
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Jedan muški prijatelj
me je sklonio u stranu
me je sklonio u stranu
07:38
and he said, "You want men to talk about violence
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i rekao:
"Želiš da muškarci pričaju o nasilju
"Želiš da muškarci pričaju o nasilju
07:42
against women and girls. Men don't talk."
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nad ženama i devojčicama.
Muškarci ne pričaju."
Muškarci ne pričaju."
07:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:46
I apologize to the men in the audience.
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Izvinjavam se muškarcima u publici.
07:49
I know you do.
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Znam da vi pričate.
07:50
But he said, "Do you know what they do do?
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Ali onda mi je rekao:
"Znaš li šta oni rade?
"Znaš li šta oni rade?
07:52
They do talk to their kids.
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Oni pričaju sa svojom decom.
07:54
They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."
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Pričaju sa svojom decom kao roditelji,
kao treneri."
kao treneri."
07:57
And that's what we did.
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I upravo to smo uradili.
07:59
We met men where they were at
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Našli smo se na njihovom terenu
08:01
and we built a program.
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i napravili smo program.
08:02
And then we had this one event
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Onda smo imali jedan događaj
08:04
that stays in my heart forever
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koji će zauvek ostati u mom srcu
08:06
where a basketball coach
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kada je jedan trener košarke
08:09
was talking to a room filled with male athletes
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govorio u prostoriji punoj sportista
08:13
and men from all walks of life.
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i muškaraca koji vode različite živote.
08:15
And he was talking about the importance
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Pričao je o važnosti
08:17
of coaching boys into men
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obrazovanja dečaka u muškarce
08:19
and changing the culture of the locker room
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i promeni kulture ponašanja u svlačionici
08:21
and giving men the tools to
have healthy relationships.
have healthy relationships.
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i o davanju uslova muškarcima
za stvaranje zdravih veza.
za stvaranje zdravih veza.
08:24
And all of a sudden, he looked
at the back of the room,
at the back of the room,
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I odjednom je pogledao
u drugi kraj prostorije
u drugi kraj prostorije
08:27
and he saw his daughter,
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i video svoju ćerku
08:29
and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,
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i kazao njeno ime, Mihaela,
08:31
and he said, "Michaela, come up here."
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i rekao: "Mihaela dođi ovde."
08:33
And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,
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Imala je devet godina
i bila je pomalo stidljiva,
i bila je pomalo stidljiva,
08:35
and she got up there,
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ali otišla je tamo,
08:36
and he said, "Sit down next to me."
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a on je rekao: "Sedi pored mene."
08:39
She sat right down next to him.
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Sela je tačno pored njega.
08:41
He gave her this big hug, and he said,
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Snažno ju je zagrlio i rekao:
08:44
"People ask me why I do this work.
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"Ljudi me pitaju zašto radim ovaj posao.
08:47
I do this work because I'm her dad,
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Radim ovo jer sam ja njen tata,
08:50
and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."
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i ne želim da je iko ikada povredi."
08:54
And as a parent, I get it.
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Kao roditelj, razumem ga.
08:57
I get it,
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Razumem jer znam
08:59
knowing that there are so many sexual assaults
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da se seksualni napadi prečesto dešavaju
09:02
on college campuses
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u studentskim kampusima
09:04
that are so widespread and so under-reported.
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oni su toliko česti,
a toliko ih je malo prijavljenih.
a toliko ih je malo prijavljenih.
09:08
We've done a lot for adult women.
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Učinili smo puno toga za odrasle žene.
09:10
We've got to do a better job for our kids.
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Moramo uraditi bolji posao za našu decu.
09:13
We just do. We have to. (Applause)
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Jednostavno je tako. Moramo.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
09:16
We've come a long way
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Prešli smo veliki put
09:18
since the days of the Polaroid.
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od dana kada smo koristili polaroide.
09:21
Technology has been our friend.
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Tehnologija je bila naš prijatelj.
09:24
The mobile phone is a global game changer
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Mobilni telefon je potpuno preokrenuo igru
09:28
for the empowerment of women,
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i žene su postale sažnije,
09:30
and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube
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a Fejsbuk, Tviter, Gugl i Jutjub
09:34
and all the social media helps us organize
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i svi društveni mediji
pomogli su nam da osmislimo
pomogli su nam da osmislimo
09:38
and tell our story in a powerful way.
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i ispričamo našu priču na moćan način.
09:42
And so those of you in this audience
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I zato svima vama iz publike
09:44
who have helped build those applications
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koji ste učestvovali u stvaranju
tih aplikacija
tih aplikacija
09:46
and those platforms, as an organizer,
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i tih platformi, kao organizator
09:48
I say, thank you very much.
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želim da vam kažem veliko hvala.
09:51
Really. I clap for you.
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Zaista, aplaudiram vam.
09:53
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:56
I'm the daughter of a man
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Moj otac je čovek koji se
09:59
who joined one club in his life,
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za života učlanio u samo jedan klub
10:01
the Optimist Club.
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Klub optimista.
10:04
You can't make that one up.
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Ne možete to da izmislite.
10:07
And it is his spirit and his optimism
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Njegov duh i njegov optimizam
10:11
that is in my DNA.
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su u mojim genima.
10:13
I have been doing this work
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Bavim se ovim radom
10:15
for over 30 years,
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preko trideset godina,
10:17
and I am convinced, now more than ever,
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i ubeđena sam, sad više nego ikad,
10:19
in the capacity of human beings to change.
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u to da su ljudi spremni na promenu.
10:23
I believe we can bend the arc of human history
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Verujem da možemo
da usmerimo tok ljudske istorije
da usmerimo tok ljudske istorije
10:27
toward compassion and equality,
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prema samilosti i jednakosti,
10:30
and I also fundamentally believe
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i takođe duboko verujem
10:32
and passionately believe
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i strastveno verujem
10:34
that this violence does not have to be part
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u to da nasilje ne mora da bude
10:38
of the human condition.
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deo čovečnosti.
10:39
And I ask you, stand with us
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Zato vas molim da budete uz nas
10:43
as we create futures without violence
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dok stvaramo budućnost bez nasilja
10:47
for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.
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za žene i devojčice
i muškarce i dečake širom sveta.
i muškarce i dečake širom sveta.
10:51
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
10:53
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expertIn 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global.
Why you should listen
Esta Soler has guided Futures Without Violence to become one of the world’s most effective advocacy organizations in the effort to recognize and prevent gender-based violence. The agency she founded 30 years ago provides education, policy development and training to reduce the prevalence of violence against women and children, and to care for its victims. "When we started, there wasn't even the language for this," says Soler.
Futures Without Violence -- then called the Family Violence Prevention Fund -- lobbied for a decade to get the Violence Against Women Act passed in 1994. Congress upheld and expanded the law in 2000, 2005 and most recently in 2013. Today, Futures Without Violence has offices in San Francisco, Boston and Washington, D.C. -- but their vision is for a worldwide moment to end gender-based violence. Today, Soler is committed working with anti-violence activists around the world to pass the International Violence Against Women Act.
Esta Soler | Speaker | TED.com