TEDWomen 2013
Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)
Esta Soler: 我们怎么 改变家暴？（提示：拍立得）
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
1,230,517 views
1984，当Esta Soler为一项反家暴法申请资金时，一个政治家称其为“拿婚姻找乐”。“当时我要是有微博多好。”Esta打趣道。这场详尽的乐观的演讲记述了30年来法理和技术的变迁——从宝丽来到社会媒体——使美国的家暴减少了64%。
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expert
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want you to imagine
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我希望大家能够想一下
00:14
what a breakthrough this was
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对于在二十世纪八十年代的暴力中
00:16
for women who were victims of violence
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遭受迫害的妇女来说
00:19
in the 1980s.
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这是怎样的一个突破
00:21
They would come into the emergency room
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她们会被送进急诊室
00:24
with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"
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至于受伤的原因，警察称之为“恋人间的争端”
00:28
and I would see a woman who was beaten,
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这时我看到的是一个被殴打的妇女
00:31
I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist
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鼻子被打伤，手腕被打折
00:36
and swollen eyes.
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以及她肿胀的眼
00:38
And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,
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作为活动家，我们会拿起我们的拍立得
00:42
we would take her picture,
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拍下她的照片
00:44
we would wait 90 seconds,
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等个九十秒
00:47
and we would give her the photograph.
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再把照片给她
00:50
And she would then have
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这样，这个妇女就有了
00:52
the evidence she needed to go to court.
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去法院起诉的证据
00:55
We were making what was invisible visible.
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我们使得看不见的东西得以显形
00:59
I've been doing this for 30 years.
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我做这个三十年了
01:01
I've been part of a social movement
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我成了致力于终结
01:03
that has been working on ending
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向妇女儿童施暴的
01:05
violence against women and children.
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社会运动的一份子
01:09
And for all those years,
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这些年
01:12
I've had an absolutely passionate
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我保持着绝对的热情
01:17
and sometimes not popular belief
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并且这么坚信着：
01:20
that this violence is not inevitable,
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这种暴力并不是无可避免的
01:23
that it is learned, and if it's learned,
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这种暴力是习得的，既然它是习得的
01:26
it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.
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它就可以被戒除，可以被阻止
01:30
(Applause)
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（掌声）
01:38
Why do I believe this?
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为什么我这么坚信？
01:40
Because it's true.
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因为这是真的
01:42
It is absolutely true.
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这道理的确是对的
01:44
Between 1993 and 2010,
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在一九九三至二零壹零年间
01:50
domestic violence among adult women
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针对成年妇女的家庭暴力
01:53
in the United States
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在美国
01:54
has gone down by 64 percent,
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下降了百分之六十四
01:58
and that is great news.
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这是个很棒的消息
02:00
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:03
Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?
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百分之六十四……那么，这是怎么做到的呢？
02:06
Our eyes were wide open.
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我们也很好奇
02:08
Thirty years ago, women were beaten,
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三十年前，妇女被殴打
02:10
they were stalked, they were raped,
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被跟踪，被强奸
02:12
and no one talked about it.
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没人谈论她们的遭遇
02:15
There was no justice.
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对她们而言社会毫无正义可言
02:17
And as an activist, that was not good enough.
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作为一个活动家，这样的社会并不足够好
02:21
And so step one on this journey
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改良运动的第一步
02:24
is we organized,
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是我们集合起来
02:26
and we created this extraordinary
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创造了这个不同寻常的地下网络
02:29
underground network of amazing women
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身处这个网络的伟大的女人们开辟了一些庇护所
02:32
who opened shelters,
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她们打开了收容所，
02:33
and if they didn't open a shelter,
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或者开放她们的房子
02:35
they opened their home
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他们打开他们的家
02:37
so that women and children could be safe.
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这样妇女和儿童就有了容身之所来确保安全
02:40
And you know what else we did?
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然后我们做了什么？
02:42
We had bake sales, we had car washes,
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我们买面包，洗车
02:45
and we did everything we could do to fundraise,
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做任何能做的事来募集资金
02:48
and then at one point we said,
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直到某天我们说
02:50
you know, it's time that we went
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是时候去
02:52
to the federal government
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联邦政府
02:54
and asked them to pay for these
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要求他们为我们这种
02:56
extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.
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伟大的济民工作拨款
03:00
Right? (Applause)
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对不对？（掌声）
03:02
And so, step number two,
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之后，第二步
03:05
we knew we needed to change the laws.
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我们知道我们需要修缮法律
03:07
And so we went to Washington,
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所以我们去了华盛顿
03:10
and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.
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为第一部法律进行游说
03:15
And I remember walking through the halls
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我仍记得我穿过
03:17
of the U.S. Capitol,
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国会大厦的大厅
03:20
and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,
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那时我三十岁，生活充满目标
03:24
and I couldn't imagine
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我不能想象
03:26
that anybody would ever challenge
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什么人会对如此重要的的一条法律
03:28
this important piece of legislation.
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提出异议
03:30
I was probably 30 and naive.
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但我才三十，还太天真
03:33
But I heard about a congressman
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我听到一位议员
03:35
who had a very, very different point of view.
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提出了截然不同的观点
03:38
Do you know what he called
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你知道他称这条
03:40
this important piece of legislation?
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重要的法律叫什么吗
03:42
He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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他称之为拿婚姻找乐
03:46
The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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"《拿婚姻找乐法》"
03:48
Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984
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女士们先生们，那是一九八四年的美国
03:50
in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.
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我真希望那时有微博这玩意
03:54
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:57
Ten years later, after lots of hard work,
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十年后，经过大量艰苦公关
04:00
we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,
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我们最终通过了《暴力对待妇女法》
04:03
which is a life-changing act
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这改变生活的法令
04:05
that has saved so many lives. (Applause)
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这拯救诸多生命的法令（掌声）
04:08
Thank you.
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谢谢
04:10
I was proud to be part of that work,
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我身为这项工作的一份子感到很自豪
04:13
and it changed the laws
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这项工作改变了法律
04:15
and it put millions of dollars into local communities.
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使得百万计的美金流入本地社会
04:18
And you know what else it did? It collected data.
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它还起了什么作用呢？收集数据
04:20
And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.
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我必须得说，我很痴迷于数据
04:23
In fact, I am a data nerd.
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事实上，我是个数据狂人
04:26
I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.
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我能确信在座很多人和我一样
04:28
I am a data nerd,
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我是个数据狂人
04:29
and the reason for that is I want to make sure
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原因是我想确认
04:32
that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,
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如果我花了钱，这项工作会起效
04:35
and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.
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如果不起效，我们就得改换主意了
04:39
And I also want to say one other thing:
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我还想说另一件事
04:43
We are not going to solve this problem
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我们不想靠刑罚解决这个问题
04:45
by building more jails
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通过建立更多的监狱
04:48
or by even building more shelters.
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或者再建许多庇护所
04:50
It is about economic empowerment for women,
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而是为了使妇女拥有经济权力
04:54
it is about healing kids who are hurt,
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以及治愈受伤的儿童
04:56
and it is about prevention with a capital P.
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并且防止作恶
05:00
And so, step number three on this journey:
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之后，第三步
05:04
We know, if we're going to
keep making this progress,
keep making this progress,
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我们知道，我们要想持续推动这项计划
05:07
we're going to have to turn up the volume,
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我们必须加大宣传
05:09
we're going to have to increase the visibility,
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我们必须提升存在感
05:12
and we're going to have to engage the public.
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我们要对公众呼吁
05:15
And so knowing that, we went
to the Advertising Council,
to the Advertising Council,
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所以我们来到广告委员会
05:18
and we asked them to help us
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请求他们帮助我们
05:20
build a public education campaign.
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建立一个公共教育运动
05:23
And we looked around the world to Canada
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我们还把目光投向加拿大
05:25
and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,
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澳大利亚，巴西以及非洲的一部分
05:28
and we took this knowledge
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我们带着这样的知识
05:30
and we built the first national
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创建了第一个国家
05:32
public education campaign
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公共教育运动
05:34
called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.
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我们称之为“绝不为家庭暴力找理由”
05:37
Take a look at one of our spots.
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看看我们的一段录像：
05:39
(Video) Man: Where's dinner?
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（视频）男人：晚饭呢？
05:41
Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—
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女人：我想你已经回家好几个小时了，我就把东西都收走了，所以……
05:45
Man: What is this? Pizza.
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
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男人：这啥？比萨饼？
女人：你要是刚刚给我打个电话，我就……
女人：你要是刚刚给我打个电话，我就……
05:48
Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza?
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
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男人：晚饭呢？就这玩意？
女人：亲，别这么大声……
女人：亲，别这么大声……
05:51
Please don't—Let go of me!
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女人：不要……放开我！！
05:53
Man: Get in the kitchen!
Woman: No! Help!
Woman: No! Help!
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男人：滚进厨房！
女人：不！救命！
女人：不！救命！
05:56
Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)
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男人：来点疼的如何？（猛打女人）
05:58
That's what hurts! That's what hurts!
(Breaking glass)
(Breaking glass)
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男人：疼吧？啊？疼吧！（打碎玻璃）
06:01
Woman: Help me!
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女人：救救我！
06:04
["Children have to sit by and watch.
What's your excuse?"]
What's your excuse?"]
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【孩子就坐在一边看着，你的借口是什么？】
06:07
Esta Soler: As we were in the process
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E.S. :当我们推进这项运动时
06:09
of releasing this campaign,
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推动这一运动，
06:11
O.J. Simpson was arrested
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辛普森由于谋害他的妻子和妻子的朋友
06:13
for the murder of his wife and her friend.
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而被逮捕了
06:17
We learned that he had a long history
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我们了解到他有很久的
06:19
of domestic violence.
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家庭暴力历史。
06:20
The media became fixated.
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媒体开始关注家暴
06:23
The story of domestic violence
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家暴的故事
06:25
went from the back page,
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不再被避而不谈
06:26
but actually from the no-page, to the front page.
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事实上，是从不被察觉，登上了头版
06:29
Our ads blanketed the airwaves,
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我们的广告覆盖了电视广播
06:32
and women, for the first time,
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女人们第一次
06:34
started to tell their stories.
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开始讲述她们的故事
06:37
Movements are about moments,
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时间对社会运动很重要
06:40
and we seized this moment.
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我们也抓紧了时间
06:43
And let me just put this in context.
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来说点实际的
06:45
Before 1980, do you have any idea
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在一九八零年之前，你知道
06:48
how many articles were in The New York Times
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纽约时报中有多少文章
06:51
on domestic violence?
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是关于家暴的？
06:54
I'll tell you: 158.
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一百五十八
06:58
And in the 2000s, over 7,000.
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在二十一世纪初，这个数字超过了七千
07:02
We were obviously making a difference.
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很显然，我们改变了社会
07:05
But we were still missing a critical element.
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但我们仍旧遗落了重要的一环
07:08
So, step four: We needed to engage men.
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所以，第四步，我们和男人们订约
07:14
We couldn't solve this problem
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没有这另一半“局外人”（男人）
07:16
with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.
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我们不可能解决这个问题
07:19
And I already told you I'm a data nerd.
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我说过我是个数据狂人
07:21
National polling told us that men felt indicted
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国家调查显示男人们觉得被告发了
07:25
and not invited into this conversation.
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但并没有被邀请进入这次对话
07:27
So we wondered, how can we include men?
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所以我们想，如何把男人拉入这次对话？
07:31
How can we get men to talk about
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怎样才能让男人谈论
07:33
violence against women and girls?
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有关反妇女儿童暴力的话题
07:36
And a male friend of mine pulled me aside
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我的一个男性朋友把我拉到一边说：
07:38
and he said, "You want men to talk about violence
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“你们想让男人谈论有关反妇女儿童暴力的话题？
07:42
against women and girls. Men don't talk."
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不可能。”
07:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:46
I apologize to the men in the audience.
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我得对男观众道歉
07:49
I know you do.
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事实上你们也发声了
07:50
But he said, "Do you know what they do do?
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但他说：“你知道他们做什么吗？
07:52
They do talk to their kids.
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他们对他们的孩子说，
07:54
They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."
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作为父亲，作为导师。”
07:57
And that's what we did.
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这就是我们做的
07:59
We met men where they were at
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我们拜访男人
08:01
and we built a program.
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并建立了一个项目
08:02
And then we had this one event
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有这么一件事
08:04
that stays in my heart forever
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永远留在我的心中
08:06
where a basketball coach
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一个篮球教练
08:09
was talking to a room filled with male athletes
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在对满屋子的男运动员说话
08:13
and men from all walks of life.
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男运动员们过着不同生活
08:15
And he was talking about the importance
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他在说引导男孩到男人、
08:17
of coaching boys into men
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改变更衣室文化、
08:19
and changing the culture of the locker room
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使男人们和谐相处
08:21
and giving men the tools to
have healthy relationships.
have healthy relationships.
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的重要性
08:24
And all of a sudden, he looked
at the back of the room,
at the back of the room,
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突然之间，他看了房间后面
08:27
and he saw his daughter,
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他看到了他的女儿
08:29
and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,
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他叫出他女儿的名字，米歇尔，
08:31
and he said, "Michaela, come up here."
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他说，"米歇尔，来这里."
08:33
And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,
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米歇尔九岁，有点害羞
08:35
and she got up there,
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她来到父亲身边
08:36
and he said, "Sit down next to me."
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教练说，"坐在我身边"
08:39
She sat right down next to him.
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她就坐在他旁边。
08:41
He gave her this big hug, and he said,
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他给了她一个大大的拥抱，他说，
08:44
"People ask me why I do this work.
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"有人问我为什么我做这项工作。
08:47
I do this work because I'm her dad,
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我做这项工作，因为我是她爸爸，
08:50
and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."
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我不愿任何人伤害她的人。"
08:54
And as a parent, I get it.
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作为一个母亲，我能理解
08:57
I get it,
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我知道
08:59
knowing that there are so many sexual assaults
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大学校园有何其多的
09:02
on college campuses
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已知但未被报道的性袭击
09:04
that are so widespread and so under-reported.
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所以报告说，
09:08
We've done a lot for adult women.
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我们为成年妇女做了很多。
09:10
We've got to do a better job for our kids.
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我们得为我们的孩子们做得更好。
09:13
We just do. We have to. (Applause)
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我们就这么做了。我们必须这么做。（掌声）
09:16
We've come a long way
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我们从拍立得时期开始
09:18
since the days of the Polaroid.
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走了很长的路
09:21
Technology has been our friend.
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技术一直是我们的伙伴
09:24
The mobile phone is a global game changer
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移动电话改变了全球
09:28
for the empowerment of women,
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它赋予妇女权力
09:30
and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube
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Facebook 和 Twitter 和谷歌和 YouTube
09:34
and all the social media helps us organize
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和所有帮助我们组织的社会媒体
09:38
and tell our story in a powerful way.
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以强大的方式叙述着我们的故事。
09:42
And so those of you in this audience
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在座的观众中
09:44
who have helped build those applications
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有人作为组织者
09:46
and those platforms, as an organizer,
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帮助我们构建应用程序以及搭建平台
09:48
I say, thank you very much.
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我要说，谢谢你们。
09:51
Really. I clap for you.
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真的。我为你们鼓掌。
09:53
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:56
I'm the daughter of a man
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我爸爸
09:59
who joined one club in his life,
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是个
10:01
the Optimist Club.
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乐观主义者
10:04
You can't make that one up.
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真的
10:07
And it is his spirit and his optimism
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他的乐观精神
10:11
that is in my DNA.
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是我的基因
10:13
I have been doing this work
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我超过三十年来一直在做这项工作
10:15
for over 30 years,
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30 年来，
10:17
and I am convinced, now more than ever,
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我也相信，现在比以往任何时候
10:19
in the capacity of human beings to change.
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更适合人类去改变
10:23
I believe we can bend the arc of human history
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我相信我们可以使人类历史
10:27
toward compassion and equality,
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转向慈悲和平等
10:30
and I also fundamentally believe
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我也从根本上
10:32
and passionately believe
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热切地相信
10:34
that this violence does not have to be part
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这种暴力不是人类
10:38
of the human condition.
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之所以为人类的条件
10:39
And I ask you, stand with us
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我邀请你站在我们这边
10:43
as we create futures without violence
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为所有的妇女女孩男人男孩
10:47
for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.
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创造一个没有暴力的未来
10:51
Thank you very much.
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谢谢。
10:53
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expertIn 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global.
Why you should listen
Esta Soler has guided Futures Without Violence to become one of the world’s most effective advocacy organizations in the effort to recognize and prevent gender-based violence. The agency she founded 30 years ago provides education, policy development and training to reduce the prevalence of violence against women and children, and to care for its victims. "When we started, there wasn't even the language for this," says Soler.
Futures Without Violence -- then called the Family Violence Prevention Fund -- lobbied for a decade to get the Violence Against Women Act passed in 1994. Congress upheld and expanded the law in 2000, 2005 and most recently in 2013. Today, Futures Without Violence has offices in San Francisco, Boston and Washington, D.C. -- but their vision is for a worldwide moment to end gender-based violence. Today, Soler is committed working with anti-violence activists around the world to pass the International Violence Against Women Act.
Esta Soler | Speaker | TED.com