TEDGlobal 2014
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim: Humble plants that hide surprising secrets
Amina Gurib-Fakim (Ameenah Gurib-Fakim): Skromne biljke koje kriju iznenađujuće tajne
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U ovom intrigantnom govoru, biološkinja Amina Gurib-Fakim nas upoznaje sa retkim vrstama biljaka sa izolovanih ostrva i regiona Afrike. Upoznajte benžoan, koji menja svoj oblik; melem sa ostrva ( baume de l'ile plate), koji je možda novi lek za astmu;legendarno drvo baobaba, koje bi moglo biti ključno za ishranu u budućnosti. Plus: majmunske jabuke.
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim - President of Mauritius
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius. Full bio
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You know, it's a big privilege for me
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Velika mi je čast raditi
00:15
to be working in one of the
biodiversity hotspots in the world:
biodiversity hotspots in the world:
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u žarištu biodiverziteta u svetu:
00:19
the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.
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na Maskarenskim ostrvima
u Indijskom okeanu.
u Indijskom okeanu.
00:21
These islands — Mauritius,
Rodrigues, and Réunion —
Rodrigues, and Réunion —
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Ova ostrva, Mauricijus,
Rodrigez i Reunion,
Rodrigez i Reunion,
00:25
along with the island of Madagascar,
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uz ostrvo Madagaskar,
00:28
they are blessed with unique plants
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blagosloveni su jedinstvenim biljkama,
00:30
found nowhere else in the world.
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koje se ne nalaze nigde drugde na svetu.
00:32
And today I will tell you
about five of them
about five of them
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Danas ću vam govoriti o pet biljaka
00:35
and their particular features
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i o njihovim specifičnim odlikama
00:37
and why these plants are so unique.
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i o tome, zašto su toliko jedinstvene.
00:40
Take a look at this plant.
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Pogledajte ovu biljku.
00:41
I call it benjoin in the local vernacular,
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Ja je zovem benžoan, po lokalnom narečju,
00:45
and the botanical name
is Terminalia bentzoe,
is Terminalia bentzoe,
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a po botaničkom nazivu je
Terminalia bentzoe,
Terminalia bentzoe,
00:49
subspecies bentzoe.
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podvrsta bentzoe.
00:51
This subspecies is endemic to Mauritius,
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Ove podvrste su endemične na Mauricijusu
00:54
and its particular feature
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i njihova posebna odlika je
00:56
is its heterophylly.
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heterofilija.
00:58
What do I mean by heterophylly?
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Šta mislim pod heterofilijom?
01:00
It's that the same plant
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To je kada jedna biljka
01:02
has got leaves that are different shapes and sizes.
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ima lišće različitih oblika i veličina.
01:05
Now, these plants have evolved
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Ove biljke su se razvile
01:07
very far away from the mainland,
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veoma daleko od kopna,
01:09
and within specific ecosystems.
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unutar specifičnih ekosistema.
01:12
Often, these particular features
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Često su se ove odlike razvile
01:15
have evolved as a response to the threat
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kao odgovor na pretnju
01:18
presented by the local fauna,
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koju predstavlja lokalna fauna,
01:20
in this case, grazing tortoises.
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u ovom slučaju kornjače koje pasu.
01:24
Tortoises are known to have poor eyesight,
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Poznato je da kornjače slabo vide
01:27
and as such, they tend to avoid the plants
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i kao takve, sklone su
da izbegavaju biljke
da izbegavaju biljke
01:30
they don't recognize.
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koje ne prepoznaju.
01:32
So this evolutionary
foil safeguards the plant
foil safeguards the plant
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Ova evolucionarna folija čuva biljku
01:35
against these rather cute animals,
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od ovih ljupkih životinja,
01:38
and protects it and of course
ensures its survival.
ensures its survival.
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štiti je i naravno,
osigurava njen opstanak.
osigurava njen opstanak.
01:43
Now the question you're
probably asking yourself is,
probably asking yourself is,
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Sada se verovatno pitate
01:46
why is she telling us all these stories?
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zašto vam pričam sve ovo?
01:49
The reason for that is that we tend to overlook
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Zato što težimo da previdimo
01:53
the diversity and the variety of the natural world.
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različitost i raznovrsnost prirode.
01:57
These particular habitats are unique
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Ova posebna staništa su jedinstvena
02:00
and they are host to a whole lot of plants.
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i udomljavaju mnoge biljke.
02:04
We don't realize how valuable
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Ne shvatamo koliko su vredni
02:06
and how precious these resources are,
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i dragoceni ovi resursi,
02:09
and yet, through our insouciance,
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i ravnodušno nastavljamo
02:11
we keep on destroying them.
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njihovo uništavanje.
02:13
We're all familiar
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Upoznati smo sa ogromnim
02:15
with the macro impact of urbanization,
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uticajem urbanizacije,
promenom klime,
promenom klime,
02:18
climate change, resource exploitation,
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eksploatacijom resursa,
02:22
but when that one last plant —
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ali kada poslednja biljka
02:24
or animal for that matter —
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ili životinja,
02:26
when that very last specimen
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poslednji primerak svoje vrste
02:28
has disappeared from the face of this Earth,
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nestane sa lica zemlje,
02:30
we would have lost
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onda smo izgubili
02:32
an entire subset of the Earth's biology,
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ceo podskup Zemljine biologije
02:36
and with it, important plants
with medicinal potential
with medicinal potential
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i sa njime nestaju važne biljke
02:39
or which could have ingredients
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sa medicinskim potencijalom
02:41
that would speak to the cosmetic,
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u kozmetici,
02:43
nutrition, pharma,
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ishrani, farmaciji,
02:45
and even the ethno-veterinary sectors,
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čak će nestati i etno-veterinarstvo
02:47
be gone forever.
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zauvek.
02:49
And here we have a very prime example
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Evo, imamo prvi primer
02:51
of the iconic dodo, which comes from Mauritius,
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legendarnog dodoa,
koji potiče sa Mauricijusa,
koji potiče sa Mauricijusa,
02:54
and, of course, we know is
now a symbol of extinction.
now a symbol of extinction.
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a znamo da je sad simbol izumiranja.
02:58
We know plants have a
fundamental role to play.
fundamental role to play.
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Biljke imaju fundamentalnu ulogu.
03:01
Well, first of all, they feed us
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Pre svega, one su nam hrana,
03:03
and they also give us
the oxygen we breathe,
the oxygen we breathe,
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od njih dobijamo
kiseonik koji udišemo,
kiseonik koji udišemo,
03:05
but plants are also the source
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ali su takođe i izvor
03:08
of important, biologically active ingredients
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važnih biološko aktivnih sastojaka,
03:11
that we should be studying very carefully,
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koje bi trebalo pažljivo proučavati,
03:14
because human societies over the millennia,
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jer ljudska društva su milenijumima
03:19
they have developed important knowledge,
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razvijala važna saznanja,
03:22
cultural traditions,
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kulturnu tradiciju
03:24
and important plant-based medicinal resources.
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i važne medicinske resurse
koji se zasnivaju na biljkama.
koji se zasnivaju na biljkama.
03:28
Here's a data point:
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Evo jedne činjenice:
03:30
1.4 percent of the entire land surface
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1,4 procenta celokupnog kopna
03:34
is home to 40 percent of
the species of higher plants,
the species of higher plants,
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je stanište za 40 posto
viših biljnih vrsta,
viših biljnih vrsta,
03:38
35 percent of the species of vertebrates,
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za 35 posto kičmenjaka,
03:41
and this 1.4 percent
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i ovaj 1,4 posto kopna
03:43
represents the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world,
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predstavlja 25 žarišta
biodiverziteta u svetu,
biodiverziteta u svetu,
03:48
and this 1.4 percent of the entire land surface
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i 1,4 posto sveukupnog kopna
03:51
already provides for 35 percent
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obezbeđuje 35 posto
03:54
of the ecosystem services
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usluga ekosistema,
03:56
that vulnerable people depend on.
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od kojih zavise ugroženi ljudi.
03:58
And as you can see,
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Kao što vidite,
04:00
the island of Mauritius
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ostrvo Mauricijus,
04:01
where I work and where I live,
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gde ja radim i živim,
04:03
belongs to one such biodiversity hotspot,
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je jedno od žarišta biodiverziteta,
04:06
and I study the unique plants
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i ja proučavam jedinstvene biljke
04:08
on the island for their
biomedical applications.
biomedical applications.
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na ostrvu, zbog njihove
primene u biomedicini.
primene u biomedicini.
04:12
Now, let's go back again
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Hajde da se vratimo
04:13
to that first plant I showed you,
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na prvu biljku koju sam vam pokazala,
04:15
the one, of course, with
different-shaped leaves
different-shaped leaves
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na onu sa različitim oblicima
04:18
and different sizes, Terminalia bentzoe,
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i veličinama lišća, Terminalia bentzoe,
04:21
subspecies bentzoe,
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podvrsta bentzoe,
04:23
a plant only found in Mauritius.
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biljka koja se nalazi samo na Mauricijusu.
04:25
Now, the local people,
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Meštani
04:27
they used a decoction of the leaves
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su koristili esenciju iz lišća
04:29
against infectious diseases.
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protiv infektivnih bolesti.
04:31
Now our work, that is,
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Naš rad, odnosno
04:34
the scientific validation of
this traditional information,
this traditional information,
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naučna potvrda ove
tradicionalne informacije,
tradicionalne informacije,
04:37
has shown that precisely
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je tačno dokazao,
04:39
that leaf extract shows activity, potent activity,
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da ekstrakt lišća pokazuje
snažnu aktivnost
snažnu aktivnost
04:44
against a wide range of bacteria
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protiv širokog spektra bakterija
04:46
that could be pathogenic to humans.
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koje su patogene.
04:49
Now, could this plant be the answer
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Može li ova biljka da bude odgovor
04:51
to antibiotic resistance?
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na otpornost na antibiotike?
04:54
You know, antibiotic resistance is proving to be
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Otpornost na antibiotike
04:56
a big challenge globally.
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je veliki globalni izazov.
04:59
While we may not be sure, one thing is certain:
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Možda još nismo sigurni,
ali jedno je sigurno:
ali jedno je sigurno:
05:02
we will not want this plant to disappear.
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ne želimo da ova biljka nestane.
05:04
But the harsh reality is that
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Ali surova stvarnost je ta,
05:07
this particular plant is in fact
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da je ova posebna biljka
05:09
considered to be vulnerable
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ranjiva
05:11
in its natural habitat.
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u svom staništu.
05:13
This brings me to another example.
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Ovo me dovodi do još jednog primera.
05:15
This bush here is known as baume de l'ile plate
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Ovaj grm je poznat kao
baume de l'ile plate
baume de l'ile plate
05:19
in the local vernacular.
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na lokalnom narodnom jeziku.
05:21
The botanical name is Psiadia arguta.
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Njen botanički naziv je Psiadia arguta.
05:23
It's a plant which is rare,
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Ona je retka biljka,
05:25
which is endemic to Mauritius.
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koja je na Mauricijusu endemska.
05:28
It used to grow on the mainland,
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Nekada je rasla na kopnu,
05:29
but through the sheer
pressures of urbanization
pressures of urbanization
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ali pod pritiskom urbanizacije
05:32
has been pushed out of the mainland,
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gurnuta je sa kopna,
05:34
and we've managed to bring it back
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i uspeli smo da je vratimo
05:36
from the brink of extinction
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sa ivice izumiranja
05:37
by developing in vitro plants
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tako što smo razvili biljke "in vitro",
05:39
which are now growing in the wild.
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koje sad rastu u divljini.
05:41
Now, one thing I must
point out straightaway
point out straightaway
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Moram odmah da ukažem na jednu stvar,
05:43
is that not all plants
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a to je da ne mogu sve biljke
05:46
can be developed in vitro.
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da se razviju in vitro.
05:49
While we humans, we are
happy in our comfort zone,
happy in our comfort zone,
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Mi ljudi smo srećni u našoj zoni komfora
05:53
these plants also need
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ali ovim biljkama je takođe potrebno
05:55
their ecosystem to be preserved,
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da očuvamo njihov ekosistem,
05:58
and they don't react — endemic plants
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jer one ne reaguju - endemske biljke
06:00
don't react to very harsh
changes in their ecosystem,
changes in their ecosystem,
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ne reaguju na veoma grube promene
u svom ekosistemu,
u svom ekosistemu,
06:03
and yet we know what are the challenges
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dok mi znamo koji su izazovi
06:05
that climate change, for example,
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klimatskih promena
06:06
is posing to these plants.
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kojima su izložene ove biljke.
06:08
Now, the local people again use the leaves
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Meštani koriste lišće
06:11
in traditional medicine
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u tradicionalnoj medicini
06:13
against respiratory problems.
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protiv respiratornih problema.
06:15
Now, our preliminary labwork
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Naša preliminarna istraživanja
06:17
on the leaf extract has shown
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ekstrakta lista su pokazala
06:19
that precisely these
leaves contain ingredients
leaves contain ingredients
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da baš ovo lišće sadrži sastojke,
06:23
that are very close,
in terms of structures,
in terms of structures,
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koji su veoma slični po strukturi
06:26
chemical structures, to those medicines
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hemijskim strukturama onih lekova,
06:29
which are sold in the chemist's shop
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koji se prodaju protiv astme
06:30
against asthma.
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u apotekama.
06:32
So who knows
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Ko zna
06:34
what humanity will benefit from
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kakvu će korist doneti ljudima
06:36
should this plant decide
to reveal all its secrets.
to reveal all its secrets.
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ova biljka, kada nam otkrije
svoje tajne.
svoje tajne.
06:42
Now, I come from the developing world
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Dolazim iz sveta u razvoju,
06:44
where we are forever being
challenged with this issue
challenged with this issue
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gde smo stalno izloženi izazovu
06:47
of population explosion.
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porasta populacije.
06:49
Africa is the continent
which is getting younger,
which is getting younger,
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Afrika je kontinent koji se podmlađuje
06:52
and whenever one talks
about population explosion,
about population explosion,
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i kad god neko priča o porastu populacije,
06:56
one talks about the issue of food security
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u stvari priča o obezbeđenju hrane,
06:58
as being the other side of the same coin.
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kao o drugoj strani medalje.
07:01
Now this plant here, the baobab,
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Evo, ova biljka, baobab,
07:03
could be part of the answer.
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može biti deo odgovora.
07:05
It's an underutilized, neglected food plant.
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Ona je neiskorišćena,
zapostavljena jestiva biljka.
zapostavljena jestiva biljka.
07:08
It defines the landscape of West Africa,
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Ona određuje pejzaž Zapadne Afrike,
07:11
where it is known as the tree of life,
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gde je poznata kao drvo života,
07:13
and later on I will tell you why
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a kasnije ću vam reći
07:16
the Africans consider it to be the tree of life.
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zašto je Afrikanci
smatraju drvetom života.
smatraju drvetom života.
07:19
Now interestingly, there are many legends
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Zanimljivo je da postoje mnoge legende
07:21
which are associated with this plant.
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vezane za ovu biljku.
07:23
Because of its sheer size,
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Zbog same veličine
07:25
it was meant to be lording over lesser plants,
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smatralo se da ona vlada
nad manjim biljkama,
nad manjim biljkama,
07:27
so God didn't like this arrogance,
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pa se Bogu nije dopala ova drskost,
07:29
uprooted it, and planted it upside down,
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iščupao je i posadio naglavačke,
07:32
hence its particular shape.
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otuda njen poseban oblik.
07:35
And if you look at this tree again
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Ako ponovo pogledate ovo drvo,
07:37
within the African context,
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u kontekstu Afrike,
07:39
in West Africa, it's known
as the palaver tree,
as the palaver tree,
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u Zapadnoj Africi ga zovu drvo brbljanja,
07:43
because it performs great social functions.
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jer obavlja veliku društvenu ulogu.
07:46
Now if you have a problem in the community,
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Ako imate problem u zajednici,
07:48
meeting under the palaver tree
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sastanak ispod drveta brbljanja
07:50
with the chiefs or the tribesmen
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sa vođom ili članovima plemena
07:52
would be synonymous to trying to find a solution
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je isto, što i traženje rešenja
07:54
to that particular problem,
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za određeni problem,
07:56
and also to reinforce trust and respect
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osnažuje poverenje i poštovanje
07:59
among members of the community.
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među članovima zajednice.
08:01
From the scientific point of view,
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Sa naučnog gledišta,
08:03
there are eight species of baobab in the world.
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postoji osam vrsta baobaba na svetu.
08:06
There's one from Africa,
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Onaj iz Afrike,
08:08
one from Australia,
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zatim iz Australije,
08:10
and six are endemic
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a šest vrsta su endemske
08:13
to the island of Madagascar.
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na ostrvu Madagaskar.
08:14
The one I have showed you
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Onaj koji sam vam pokazala
08:16
is the one from Africa,
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je iz Afrike,
08:17
Adansonia digitata.
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Adansonia digitata.
08:19
Now, the flower, this
beautiful white flower,
beautiful white flower,
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Ovaj divan cvet
08:22
it opens at night, is pollinated by bats,
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se otvara noću, oplođuju je slepi miševi
08:24
and it gives rise to the fruit
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i donosi plod
08:26
which is curiously known
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koji se zove neobično:
08:28
as the monkey apple.
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majmunska jabuka.
08:30
The monkeys are not stupid animals.
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Nisu majmuni glupe životinje.
08:31
They know what's good for them.
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Znaju oni šta je dobro za njih.
08:33
Now, if you open the fruit of the baobab,
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Kada otvorite plod baobaba
08:36
you'll see a white, floury pulp,
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videćete belu, brašnjavu pulpu
08:38
which is very rich in nutrients
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koja je veoma bogata
hranljivim sastojcima
hranljivim sastojcima
08:40
and has got protein,
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i sadrži proteine,
08:43
more protein than in human milk.
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više proteina nego humano mleko.
08:47
Yes, you heard right:
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Da, dobro ste čuli:
08:49
more protein than in human milk.
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više proteina nego u humanom mleku.
08:52
And this is one of the reasons why
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Ovo je jedan od razloga zašto
08:54
the nutrition companies of this world,
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kompanije koje proizvode hranu
08:56
they are looking for this fruit to provide
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traže ovo voće, da bi obezbedli
08:58
what we know as reinforced food.
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ono što nazivamo pojačanom hranom.
09:01
The seeds give an oil, a very stable oil
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Od semenja se dobija ulje,
veoma stabilno ulje,
veoma stabilno ulje,
09:05
which is sought after
by the cosmetic industry
by the cosmetic industry
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koje je traženo u kozmetičkoj industriji
09:08
to give to produce body lotions, for example.
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za proizvodnju losiona za telo, na primer.
09:11
And if you look at the trunk,
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Ako pogledate stablo,
09:13
the trunk, of course, safeguards water,
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ono, naravno, obezbeđuje vodu
09:16
which is often harvested by a thirsty traveler,
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koju prikuplja žedni putnik,
09:19
and the leaves are used in traditional medicine
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a lišće se koristi
09:21
against infectious disease.
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1955
protiv infektivnih bolesti.
09:23
Now, you can see now why the Africans consider it
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Eto, zato se u Africi smatra
09:25
to be the tree of life.
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drvetom života.
09:27
It's a complete plant,
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1665
Ono je celovita biljka
09:29
and in fact, the sheer size of these trees
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2542
i, u stvari, njena veičina
09:31
is hiding a massive potential,
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2103
krije ogroman potencijal
09:33
not only for the pharma, nutrition,
and the cosmetic industry.
and the cosmetic industry.
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3442
ne samo za farmaciju, ishranu
i industriju kozmetike.
i industriju kozmetike.
09:37
What I have showed you here
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2006
Ono što sam vam pokazala
09:39
is only the species from Africa,
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je samo afrička vrsta,
09:41
Adansonia digitata.
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1884
Adansonia digitata.
09:43
We have six species yet in Madagascar,
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Imamo čak šest vrsta na Madagaskaru,
09:46
and we don't know what
is the potential of this plant,
is the potential of this plant,
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3484
a ne znamo mogućnosti ove biljke,
09:49
but one thing we know is that the flora
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ali znamo da flori
09:52
is considered to be
threatened with extinction.
threatened with extinction.
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2562
preti iskorenjivanje.
09:54
Let me take you to Africa again,
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Hajde da vas ponovo povedem u Afriku
09:57
and introduce you to one of my very favorite,
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2504
i da vam predstavim moju omiljenu biljku,
10:00
the resurrection plant.
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biljku vaskrsnuća.
10:02
Now here you'll find
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Vidite,
10:03
that even Jesus has competition.
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591477
1918
čak i Isus ima konkurenciju.
10:05
(Laughter)
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1603
(Smeh)
10:06
Now, this plant here has developed
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Ova biljka je razvila
10:09
remarkable tolerance to drought,
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2979
značajnu toleranciju na sušu,
10:12
which enables it to withstand
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2098
što joj omogućava da izdrži
10:15
up to 98 percent dehydration
over the period of a year
over the period of a year
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4245
čak 98 posto dehidracije tokom godine,
10:19
without damage,
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2104
bez oštećenja,
10:21
and yet it can regenerate
itself almost completely
itself almost completely
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4150
i može potpuno da se regeneriše
10:25
overnight, over 24 hours, and flower.
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preko noći, za 24 sata, i da procveta.
10:29
Now, us human beings,
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Mi smo, kao ljudska bića,
10:31
we're always on the lookout for the elixir of youth.
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3226
u stalnoj potrazi
za eliksirom mladosti.
za eliksirom mladosti.
10:35
We don't want to get old, and rightly so.
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1834
Ne želimo da ostarimo.
10:36
Why should we, especially if you can afford it?
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A i zašto bi, ako to možemo
da sebi priuštimo?
da sebi priuštimo?
10:40
And this gives you an indication
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Ovo se nagoveštava
10:42
of what the plant looks like before.
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prethodnim izgledom biljke.
10:45
Now, if you are an inexperienced gardener,
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Ako ste neiskusni baštovan,
10:48
the first thing you'll do
when you visit the garden
when you visit the garden
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prvo što ćete uraditi u bašti je,
10:50
is to uproot this plant because it's dead.
250
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2724
da iščupate ovu uvenulu biljku.
10:52
But if you water it, this is what you get.
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Ali, ako je zalivate, dobićete ovo.
10:57
Absolutely amazing.
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Potpuno neverovatno.
10:59
Now, if you look at our aging process,
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Ako posmatramo naš proces starenja,
11:02
the aging process is in fact the loss of water
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2450
to je, u stvari, gubitak vode
11:04
from the upper epidermis, resulting in wrinkling
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3174
iz epiderma i za posledicu ima bore,
11:07
as we know it, especially women,
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1567
a mi žene to znamo
11:09
we are so conscious of this.
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1841
i veoma smo svesne toga.
11:11
And this plant, in fact, is giving
the cosmetic chemists
the cosmetic chemists
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4681
Ova biljka daje kozmetičarima
11:15
very important ingredients
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663963
1990
vrlo važne sastojke,
11:17
that are actually finding ways
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2767
koji pronalaze način
11:20
to slow down the aging process
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2390
da uspore proces starenja
11:23
and at the same time reinforce the cells
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2380
i istovremeno osnažuju ćelije u borbi
11:25
against the onslaught of environmental toxins.
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4287
protiv agresije toksina iz okoline.
11:29
Now, these four examples
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2637
Ova četiri primera,
11:32
I have just given you
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2907
koja sam vam upravo pokazala,
11:35
are just a very tiny reminder
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3434
samo su mali podsetnik o tome,
11:38
as to how our health
267
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3737
koliko su naše zdravlje
11:42
and our survival are closely linked
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3504
i opstanak usko povezani
11:45
to the health and the resilience
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2812
sa zdravljem i otpornošću
11:48
of our ecosystem,
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1845
ekosistema,
11:50
and why we should be very careful
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1934
i zašto bi trebalo da budemo obazrivi
11:52
about preserving biodiversity.
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2701
u sačuvanju biodiverziteta.
11:55
Every time a forest is cut down,
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3202
Kad god se poseče šuma,
11:58
every time a marsh is filled in,
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3620
kada se zatrpa močvara,
12:02
it is a potential lab that goes with it,
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3750
one postaju potencijalna laboratorija,
12:05
and which we will never, ever recover.
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2308
koju nikada nećemo moći oporaviti.
12:08
And I know what I'm talking about,
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1567
Znam šta pričam,
pošto dolazim sa Mauricijusa
pošto dolazim sa Mauricijusa
12:09
coming from Mauritius and missing the dodo.
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3332
i nedostaje mi dodo.
12:13
Let me finish with just one last example.
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4358
Dozvolite da završim
sa još jednim primerom.
sa još jednim primerom.
12:17
Conservation issues are normally guided
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3815
Aktivnosti očuvanja se obično usmeravaju
12:21
towards rare, endemic plants,
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2968
prema retkim, endemskim biljkama,
12:24
but what we call exotic plants,
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2542
ali egzotične biljke
12:26
that is, the ones which grow in many
different habitats across the world,
different habitats across the world,
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3477
koje rastu u mnogim različitim
staništima na svetu
staništima na svetu
12:30
they also need to be considered.
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2406
takođe se moraju uzeti u obzir.
12:32
You know why? Because the environment plays
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3139
Zašto? Zato što okolina igra
12:35
a very important role
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1755
veoma važnu ulogu
12:37
in modifying the composition of that plant.
287
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2659
u modifikovanju strukture biljke.
12:40
So let's take a look at this plant here,
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2631
Pogledajmo ovu biljku.
12:42
Centella asiatica. It's a weed.
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2483
Centella asiatica. Korov je.
12:45
We call it a weed.
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2148
Tako ga bar nazivamo.
12:47
Now, Centella asiatica
grows across the world
grows across the world
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Ona raste u mnogim
12:50
in many different habitats —
in Africa, in Asia —
in Africa, in Asia —
292
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2782
različitim staništima u Africi, u Aziji,
12:53
and this plant has been instrumental
293
761106
2019
Koristila se za
12:55
in providing a solution
to that dreadful disease
to that dreadful disease
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2767
za saniranje smrtonosne bolesti, lepre,
12:57
called leprosy in Madagascar in the 1940s.
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4446
na Madagaskaru
četrdesetih godina prošlog veka.
četrdesetih godina prošlog veka.
13:02
Now, while Centella
grows across the world —
grows across the world —
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Iako Centella raste širom sveta,
13:05
in Africa, in Asia —
the best quality Centella
the best quality Centella
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3291
u Africi, u Aziji,
13:09
comes from Madagascar,
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2344
najbolja je ona sa Madagaskara,
13:11
because that Centella contains
the three vital ingredients
the three vital ingredients
299
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4185
jer sadrži tri ključna sastojka
13:15
which are sought after by the pharma
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783688
2226
koji su traženi u farmaciji
13:17
and the cosmetic companies.
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2634
i kozmetičkim kompanijama.
13:20
And the cosmetic companies
are already using it
are already using it
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2249
U kozmetici se već koristi
13:22
to make regenerating cream.
303
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3082
u kremama za regeneraciju.
13:25
Now, there is an ancient saying
304
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2789
Postoji jedna stara izreka
13:28
that for every disease known to mankind,
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3544
da za svaku bolest postoji
13:32
there is a plant to cure it.
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2182
biljka koja je leči.
13:34
Now, you may not
believe in ancient sayings.
believe in ancient sayings.
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Možda ne verujete u to.
13:36
You may think they're obsolete
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1563
Možda mislite da je to danas zastarelo,
13:38
now that our science and
technology are so powerful.
technology are so powerful.
309
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2948
jer su nauka i tehnologija moćne.
13:41
So you may look on Centella as being
310
809133
2036
Možete smatrati Centellu za beznačajni,
13:43
an insignificant, humble weed,
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3205
skromni korov,
13:46
which, if destroyed, won't be missed.
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koji nam ne bi nedostajao
čak i ako bi nestao.
čak i ako bi nestao.
13:49
But you know, there is no such thing as a weed.
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2435
Ali i korov je važan.
13:52
It's a plant.
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1754
Ono je biljka.
13:53
It's a living biological lab
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2879
To je živa biološka laboratorija
13:56
that may well have answers
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1901
koja možda već ima odgovore
13:58
to the question that we may have,
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1958
na naša pitanja,
14:00
but we have to ensure
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1890
i moramo osigurati
14:02
that it has the right to live.
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njeno pravo na život.
14:05
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:07
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim - President of MauritiusAmeenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius.
Why you should listen
In June 2015, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim became the first female president of Mauritius. She's been honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers and is moving to create opportunity and growth for her island home. Gurib-Fakim has been, prior to joining the State House, the Managing Director of the Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (CIDP) Research and Innovation as well as professor of organic chemistry with an endowed chair at the University of Mauritius.
Gurib-Fakim has long been a leading biodiversity scientist studying and validating the flora of Mauritius, one of the world's key biodiversity hotspots. As an entrepreneur at CIDP R & I and professor of organic chemistry, she analyzed the plants from the region for their health, nutritional and cosmetic applications.
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim | Speaker | TED.com