TEDGlobal 2014
Sangu Delle: In praise of macro -- yes, macro -- finance in Africa
Sangu Dele (Sangu Delle): U slavu makro - da, makro-finansiranja u Africi
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U ovom kratkom, provokativnom govoru, kapitalista Sangu Dele ispituje da li je mikrofinasiranje - male pozajmice malim preduzetnicima - najbolji način za kultivisanje rasta u zemljama u razvoju. "Izgleda da smo fiksirani na ovu romantizovanu ideju da je svaka siromašna osoba u Africi preduzetnik." kaže on. "Ipak, moj posao me je naučio da većina ljudi želi poslove." Dele, učesnik TED Fellows programa, govori u podršku velikim kompanijama i fabrikama - i čišćenju prepreka za panafričko tržište.
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Traditional prescriptions for growth
in Africa are not working very well.
in Africa are not working very well.
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Tradicionalne preporuke za razvoj u Africi
ne funkcionišu baš najbolje.
ne funkcionišu baš najbolje.
00:18
After one trillion dollars
in African development-related aid
in African development-related aid
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Nakon jedne milijarde dolara
u pomoći afričkom razvoju
u pomoći afričkom razvoju
00:22
in the last 60 years,
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u poslednjih 60 godina
00:25
real per capita income today
is lower than it was in the 1970s.
is lower than it was in the 1970s.
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prihod po glavi stanovnika danas je
niži nego što je bio 70-ih godina.
niži nego što je bio 70-ih godina.
00:30
Aid is not doing too well.
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Pomoć se nije baš pokazala.
00:33
In response,
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Kao odgovor na to,
00:34
the Bretton Woods institutions --
the IMF and the World Bank --
the IMF and the World Bank --
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Breton Vuds institucije
- MMF i Svetska banka -
- MMF i Svetska banka -
00:38
pushed for free trade not aid,
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tražile su slobodno tržište a ne pomoć,
00:42
yet the historical record
shows little empirical evidence
shows little empirical evidence
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a istorijski primeri pokazuju
malo empirijskih dokaza
malo empirijskih dokaza
00:46
that free trade leads to economic growth.
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da slobodno tržište vodi
do ekonomskog rasta.
do ekonomskog rasta.
00:50
The newly prescribed
silver bullet is microcredit.
silver bullet is microcredit.
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Novi preporučeni pristup
je mikrokreditiranje.
je mikrokreditiranje.
00:54
We seem to be fixated
on this romanticized idea
on this romanticized idea
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Izgleda da smo zatočeni
u ovoj romantizovanoj ideji
u ovoj romantizovanoj ideji
00:58
that every poor peasant in Africa
is an entrepreneur.
is an entrepreneur.
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da je svaki siromašni ratar
u Africi preduzetnik.
u Africi preduzetnik.
01:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:05
Yet my work and travel
in 40-plus countries across Africa
in 40-plus countries across Africa
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Moj posao i putovanje
u preko više od 40 država širom Afrike
u preko više od 40 država širom Afrike
01:10
have taught me that most people
want jobs instead.
want jobs instead.
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naučilo me je da većina
ljudi želi poslove.
ljudi želi poslove.
01:15
My solution: Forget micro-entrepreneurs.
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Moje rešenje je:
zaboravite mikropreduzetništvo.
zaboravite mikropreduzetništvo.
01:19
Let's invest in building
pan-African titans
pan-African titans
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Hajde da investiramo
u građenje panafričkih gorostasa
u građenje panafričkih gorostasa
01:22
like Sudanese businessman Mo Ibrahim.
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poput sudanskog biznismena Mo Ibrahima.
01:27
Mo took a contrarian bet on Africa when
he founded Celtel International in '98
he founded Celtel International in '98
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Mo je uložio opozicioni ulog na Afriku
kada je 1998. osnovao Celtel Internešnal
kada je 1998. osnovao Celtel Internešnal
01:32
and built it into a mobile
cellular provider
cellular provider
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i pretvorio ga u moblinog operatera
01:36
with 24 million subscribers
across 14 African countries by 2004.
across 14 African countries by 2004.
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sa 24 miliona pratilaca širom
14 afričkih zemalja do 2004. godine.
14 afričkih zemalja do 2004. godine.
01:44
The Mo model might be better
than the everyman entrepreneur model,
than the everyman entrepreneur model,
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Moov model bi bio bolji od običnog
preduzetničkog modela
preduzetničkog modela
01:47
which prevents an effective means
of diffusion and knowledge-sharing.
of diffusion and knowledge-sharing.
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koji sprečava efektne načine
raspodele i deljenja znanja.
raspodele i deljenja znanja.
01:51
Perhaps we are not at a stage in Africa
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Možda trenutno nismo
u tom stadijumu u Africi
u tom stadijumu u Africi
01:54
where many actors and small enterprises
leads to growth through competition.
leads to growth through competition.
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gde mnogi učesnici i mali preduzetnici
dovode do razvoja kroz konkurenciju.
dovode do razvoja kroz konkurenciju.
01:59
Consider these two alternative scenarios.
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Uzmimo ova dva alternativna scenarija.
02:03
One: You loan 200 dollars
to each of 500 banana farmers
to each of 500 banana farmers
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Jedan: pozajmite 200 dolara svakom
od 500 farmera banana
od 500 farmera banana
02:09
allowing them to dry
their surplus bananas
their surplus bananas
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omogućavajući im da suše
višak svojih banana
višak svojih banana
02:11
and fetch 15 percent more revenue
at the local market.
at the local market.
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i steknu 15 procenata više prihoda
na lokalnom tržištu.
na lokalnom tržištu.
02:16
Or two: You give 100,000 dollars
to one savvy entrepreneur
to one savvy entrepreneur
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Ili drugi: Date 100 000 dolara jednom
bistrom preduzetniku
bistrom preduzetniku
02:22
and help her set up a factory
that yields 40 percent additional income
that yields 40 percent additional income
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i pomognete mu da pokrene fabriku
koja ostvaruje 40 posto dodatnih prihoda
koja ostvaruje 40 posto dodatnih prihoda
02:27
to all 500 banana farmers
and creates 50 additional jobs.
and creates 50 additional jobs.
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svim 500 farmerima banana
i stvara 50 dodatnih poslova.
i stvara 50 dodatnih poslova.
02:33
We invested in the second scenario,
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Investirali smo u drugi scenario,
02:36
and backed 26-year-old
Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi
Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi
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i podržali 26-godišnjeg kenijskog
preduzetnika Erika Mutomija
preduzetnika Erika Mutomija
02:40
to set up an agro-processing
factory called Stawi
factory called Stawi
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da postavi fabriku za obradu
po imenu Stavi
po imenu Stavi
02:44
to produce gluten-free
banana-based flour and baby food.
banana-based flour and baby food.
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koja proizvodi neglutensku hranu,
brašno na bazi banane i hranu za bebe.
brašno na bazi banane i hranu za bebe.
02:50
Stawi is leveraging economies of scale
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Stavi koristi ekonomiju reda veličine
02:53
and using modern manufacturing processes
to create value for not only its owners
to create value for not only its owners
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kao i moderne zanatske procese
za stvaranje vrednosti ne samo za vlasnike
za stvaranje vrednosti ne samo za vlasnike
02:58
but its workers, who have
an ownership in the business.
an ownership in the business.
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već i za radnike koji imaju udeo u poslu.
03:02
Our dream is to take an Eric Muthomi
and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim,
and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim,
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Naš san je da Eriku Mutomiju pokušamo
da pomognemo da postane Mo Ibrahim,
da pomognemo da postane Mo Ibrahim,
03:08
which requires skill, financing,
local and global partnerships,
local and global partnerships,
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što zahteva veštine, finansiranje,
lokalna i globalna partnerstva,
lokalna i globalna partnerstva,
03:13
and extraordinary perseverance.
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i neviđenu istrajnost.
03:16
But why pan-African?
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Ali zašto panafrički?
03:19
The scramble for Africa
during the Berlin Conference of 1884 --
during the Berlin Conference of 1884 --
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Grabljenje za Afrikom tokom
Berlinske konferencije 1884. godine,
Berlinske konferencije 1884. godine,
03:24
where, quite frankly, we Africans
were not exactly consulted --
were not exactly consulted --
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gde, iskreno nas Afrikance
i nisu baš konsultovali -
i nisu baš konsultovali -
03:28
(Laughter) (Applause) --
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
03:35
resulted in massive fragmentation
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za posledicu imalo je masivne podele
03:38
and many sovereign states
with small populations:
with small populations:
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i mnoge suverene države
sa malim populacijama:
sa malim populacijama:
03:40
Liberia, four million;
Cape Verde, 500,000.
Cape Verde, 500,000.
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Liberija, 4 miliona; Kejp Verde, 500 000.
03:43
Pan-Africa gives you one billion people,
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Panafrika vam daje jednu milijardu ljudi,
03:46
granted across 55 countries
with trade barriers and other impediments,
with trade barriers and other impediments,
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širom 55 zemalja sa tržišnim barijerama
i drugim preprekama,
i drugim preprekama,
03:50
but our ancestors traded
across the continent
across the continent
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ali naš prethodinici su trgovali
širom kontinenta
širom kontinenta
03:53
before Europeans drew lines around us.
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pre nego što su Evropljani
iscrtali granice.
iscrtali granice.
03:56
The pan-African opportunities
outweigh the challenges,
outweigh the challenges,
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Panafričke mogućnosti veće su od izazova,
03:59
and that's why we're expanding
Stawi's markets from just Kenya
Stawi's markets from just Kenya
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zato širimo tržišta za Stavi,
od Kenije do Alžira
od Kenije do Alžira
04:03
to Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana,
and anywhere else that will buy our food.
and anywhere else that will buy our food.
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Nigerije, Gane i svuda gde žele
da kupe našu hranu.
da kupe našu hranu.
04:07
We hope to help solve food security,
empower farmers, create jobs,
empower farmers, create jobs,
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Nadamo se da ćemo rešiti nestašicu hrane,
podstaknuti farmere, stvoriti poslove,
podstaknuti farmere, stvoriti poslove,
04:11
develop the local economy,
and we hope to become rich in the process.
and we hope to become rich in the process.
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razviti lokalnu ekonomiju, i nadamo se
da ćemo postati bogati u procesu.
da ćemo postati bogati u procesu.
04:15
While it's not the sexiest approach,
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Iako ovo nije najatraktivniji pristup,
04:18
and maybe it doesn't
achieve the same feel-good
achieve the same feel-good
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i verovatno ne postiže isti osećaj
04:20
as giving a woman 100 dollars
to buy a goat on kiva.org,
to buy a goat on kiva.org,
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kao davanje ženi 100 dolara
da kupi kozu na sajtu kiva.org,
da kupi kozu na sajtu kiva.org,
04:24
perhaps supporting fewer,
higher-impact entrepreneurs
higher-impact entrepreneurs
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možda podržavanje nekoliko
visokouticajnih preduzetnika
visokouticajnih preduzetnika
04:28
to build massive businesses
that scale pan-Africa
that scale pan-Africa
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kako bi stvorili brojne poslove
koji bi uvećali pan-Afriku,
koji bi uvećali pan-Afriku,
04:31
can help change this.
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možda ovo može da donese promenu.
04:34
The political freedom
for which our forebearers fought
for which our forebearers fought
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Politička sloboda za koju su se
naši preci borili
naši preci borili
04:38
is meaningless without economic freedom.
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besmislena je bez ekonomske slobode.
04:43
We hope to aid this fight
for economic freedom
for economic freedom
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Nadamo se da ćemo pomoći ovoj borbi
za ekonomsku slobodu
za ekonomsku slobodu
04:46
by building world-class businesses,
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građenjem poslova svetske klase,
04:48
creating indigenous wealth,
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stvaranjem domorodačkog bogatstva,
04:50
providing jobs that we
so desperately need,
so desperately need,
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stvaranjem poslova
koji su nam očajnički neophodni,
koji su nam očajnički neophodni,
04:53
and hopefully helping achieve this.
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i verovatno pomaganjem
da se postigne ovo.
da se postigne ovo.
04:57
Africa shall rise.
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Afrika će se uzdići.
05:00
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:02
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:09
Tom Rielly: So Sangu, of course,
this is strong rhetoric.
this is strong rhetoric.
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Tom Rili: Sangu, ovo je naravno,
jaka retorika.
jaka retorika.
05:13
You're making 100 percent contrast
between microcredit
between microcredit
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Pravite 100-procentni kontrast
između mikrokredita
između mikrokredita
05:16
and regular investment
and growing regular investment.
and growing regular investment.
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i regularne rastuće investicije.
05:20
Do you think there is
a role for microcredit at all?
a role for microcredit at all?
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Da li mislite da uopšte postoji
uloga za mikrokredit?
uloga za mikrokredit?
05:23
Sangu Delle: I think there is a role.
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Sangu Dele: Mislim da postoji.
05:25
Microcredit has been a great,
innovative way
innovative way
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Mikrokredit je bio sjajan,
inovativni način
inovativni način
05:28
to expand financial access
to the bottom of the pyramid.
to the bottom of the pyramid.
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za širenje finansijskog pristupa
do dna piramide.
do dna piramide.
05:32
But for the problems we face in Africa,
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Ali za probleme sa kojima se
suočavamo u Africi,
suočavamo u Africi,
05:34
when we are looking
at the Marshall Plan
at the Marshall Plan
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kada tražimo Maršalov plan
za revitalizaciju Evrope uništene ratom,
05:36
to revitalize war-torn Europe,
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05:37
it was not full of donations of sheep.
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on nije bio pun donacija ovcama.
05:39
We need more than just microcredit.
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Treba nam više od običnog mikrokredita.
05:41
We need more than just give 200 dollars.
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Treba nam više od pukog
davanja 200 dolara.
davanja 200 dolara.
05:43
We need to build big businesses,
and we need jobs.
and we need jobs.
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Treba da napravimo velike poslove
i trebaju nam poslovi.
i trebaju nam poslovi.
05:46
TR: Very good. Thank you so much.
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TR: Sjajno. Hvala vam mnogo.
05:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - EntrepreneurSangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.
Why you should listen
Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.
At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group.
Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma. GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.
Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference.
Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.
Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com