ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.

Why you should listen

Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.

At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group. 

Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma.  GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.

Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference. 

Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.

Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.

More profile about the speaker
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Sangu Delle: In praise of macro -- yes, macro -- finance in Africa

桑谷·德尔: 从宏观 — 没错是宏观 — 的角度解决非洲金融问题

Filmed:
1,183,051 views

在这简短而又振奋人心的演讲中,金融家-桑谷·德尔 (Sangu Delle) 质疑小额贷款(为小型创业家提供小额信用贷款)究竟能否较好地驱动发展中国家的经济。他说:”我们的想法似乎过分浪漫,以为所有非洲贫农都是创业家“,他还指出:“在非洲40多个国家的工作和旅途经验告诉我,大多数人民想要的只是就业。” 桑谷·德尔, TED 伙伴,论述支持发展大型公司工厂—— 以及扫清泛非洲的贸易壁垒。
- Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Traditional传统 prescriptions处方 for growth发展
in Africa非洲 are not working加工 very well.
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传统的经济增长手段
在非洲并非那么管用。
00:18
After one trillion dollars美元
in African非洲人 development-related开发相关 aid援助
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尽管在过去的60年里,
非洲获得了过万亿美元的经济援助,
00:22
in the last 60 years年份,
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00:25
real真实 per capita人头 income收入 today今天
is lower降低 than it was in the 1970s.
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如今实际的人均收入
比上世纪70年代还要低。
援助并没有太大的帮助。
00:30
Aid援助 is not doing too well.
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00:33
In response响应,
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对此,
00:34
the Bretton布雷顿森林 Woods树木 institutions机构 --
the IMF国际货币基金组织 and the World世界 Bank银行 --
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布雷顿森林体系-
国际货币基金组织和世界银行
00:38
pushed for free自由 trade贸易 not aid援助,
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推崇自由贸易,而不是经济援助,
00:42
yet然而 the historical历史的 record记录
shows节目 little empirical经验 evidence证据
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然而历史数据表明,
没有实质证据证明
自由贸易会促进非洲的经济增长。
00:46
that free自由 trade贸易 leads引线 to economic经济 growth发展.
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00:50
The newly prescribed规定
silver bullet子弹 is microcredit小额贷款.
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最新的经济增长手段是"小额贷款”。
00:54
We seem似乎 to be fixated迷恋
on this romanticized浪漫 idea理念
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我们的想法似乎过分浪漫,
00:58
that every一切 poor较差的 peasant in Africa非洲
is an entrepreneur企业家.
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以为所有非洲贫农都是创业家。
01:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:05
Yet然而 my work and travel旅行
in 40-plus-加 countries国家 across横过 Africa非洲
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然而,在非洲40多个国家的
工作和旅途的经验告诉我,
01:10
have taught me that most people
want jobs工作 instead代替.
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大多数人民想要的只是就业。
01:15
My solution: Forget忘记 micro-entrepreneurs微型企业家.
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我(对促进经济增长)的方案是:
且将小额贷款放一边。
01:19
Let's invest投资 in building建造
pan-African泛非 titans巨头
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让我们投资构建
泛非洲的“巨无霸” (大型企业)
01:22
like Sudanese苏丹人 businessman商人 Mo Ibrahim易卜拉欣.
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如苏丹的企业家——易卜拉欣(Mo Ibrahim)
01:27
Mo took a contrarian逆势 bet赌注 on Africa非洲 when
he founded成立 CeltelCeltel公司 International国际 in '98
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1998年,易卜拉欣在非洲逆势而为,
成立了Celtel 国际公司,
01:32
and built内置 it into a mobile移动
cellular细胞的 provider提供商
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并将其打造成移动运营商。
01:36
with 24 million百万 subscribers用户
across横过 14 African非洲人 countries国家 by 2004.
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2004年,Celtel 已有2400万用户,
服务覆盖非洲14个国家。
01:44
The Mo model模型 might威力 be better
than the everyman每个人 entrepreneur企业家 model模型,
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相比于“人人都是创业家” 的模式,
易卜拉欣的创业模式也许较优。
01:47
which哪一个 prevents防止 an effective有效 means手段
of diffusion扩散 and knowledge-sharing知识共享.
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因为大众创业模式阻碍了
有效的融合手段和知识共享。
01:51
Perhaps也许 we are not at a stage阶段 in Africa非洲
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或许,在非洲目前所处阶段,
01:54
where many许多 actors演员 and small enterprises企业
leads引线 to growth发展 through通过 competition竞争.
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经济增长不是靠大量个体
和小型企业竞争而取得。
01:59
Consider考虑 these two alternative替代 scenarios场景.
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考虑以下两个不同的情景:
02:03
One: You loan贷款 200 dollars美元
to each of 500 banana香蕉 farmers农民
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情景一:你给种植香蕉的500个农民
每人贷200美元,
02:09
allowing允许 them to dry
their surplus剩余 bananas香蕉
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让他们可以干燥处理剩余的香蕉,
02:11
and fetch 15 percent百分 more revenue收入
at the local本地 market市场.
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在当地市场获得15%的收入增长。
02:16
Or two: You give 100,000 dollars美元
to one savvy精明 entrepreneur企业家
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情景二:你把10万美元
给一个精明的企业家,
02:22
and help her set up a factory
that yields产量 40 percent百分 additional额外 income收入
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帮助她建造一个工厂,
足以给那500个种植香蕉的农民,
02:27
to all 500 banana香蕉 farmers农民
and creates创建 50 additional额外 jobs工作.
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带来额外40%的收入,
同时又创造了50个就业岗位。
02:33
We invested投资 in the second第二 scenario脚本,
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我们选择了后者,
02:36
and backed已备份 26-year-old-岁
Kenyan肯尼亚 entrepreneur企业家 Eric埃里克 MuthomiMuthomi
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向一位26岁的肯尼亚企业家,
Eric Muthomi 给予了投资,
02:40
to set up an agro-processing农产品加工
factory called StawiStawi
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帮助他设立 Stawi 农产品加工厂。
02:44
to produce生产 gluten-free不含麸质
banana-based香蕉为主 flour面粉 and baby宝宝 food餐饮.
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该加工厂专门生产无麸质的
以香蕉为主的面粉和婴儿食品。
02:50
StawiStawi is leveraging借力 economies经济 of scale规模
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Stawi 借助规模经济效应
采用现代加工生产模式,
02:53
and using运用 modern现代 manufacturing制造业 processes流程
to create创建 value for not only its owners拥有者
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不仅为工厂老板创造了价值,
还为持有股份的员工创造了价值。
02:58
but its workers工人, who have
an ownership所有权 in the business商业.
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我们的梦想是帮助 Eric Muthomi,
让他成为又一位 “易卜拉欣 “。
03:02
Our dream梦想 is to take an Eric埃里克 MuthomiMuthomi
and try to help him become成为 a Mo Ibrahim易卜拉欣,
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03:08
which哪一个 requires要求 skill技能, financing融资,
local本地 and global全球 partnerships伙伴关系,
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这一梦想的实现,需要技术、
资金、地区与全球范围的合作、
03:13
and extraordinary非凡 perseverance毅力.
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以及非凡的毅力。
03:16
But why pan-African泛非?
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但是,为什么选择泛非洲?
03:19
The scramble争夺 for Africa非洲
during the Berlin柏林 Conference会议 of 1884 --
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1884年的柏林会议上对非洲的争夺,
03:24
where, quite相当 frankly坦率地说, we Africans非洲人
were not exactly究竟 consulted咨询 --
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——实话说,我们非洲人民的意见
就没有被征询过——
03:28
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声) --
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(笑声)(掌声)
03:35
resulted导致 in massive大规模的 fragmentation碎片
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这导致了非洲大规模的“碎片化”,
03:38
and many许多 sovereign君主 states状态
with small populations人群:
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产生了许多人口较少的主权国家:
03:40
Liberia利比里亚, four million百万;
Cape Verde佛得角, 500,000.
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利比里亚,400万人口;
佛得角,50万人口。
03:43
Pan-Africa泛非洲 gives you one billion十亿 people,
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泛非洲有10亿人口,
03:46
granted理所当然 across横过 55 countries国家
with trade贸易 barriers障碍 and other impediments障碍,
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横跨了55个国家,
还有各种贸易壁垒和其它障碍。
03:50
but our ancestors祖先 traded交易
across横过 the continent大陆
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不过,在欧洲列强
争夺非洲、划下国界前,
03:53
before Europeans欧洲人 drew德鲁 lines线 around us.
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我们的祖先
在非洲大陆到处进行贸易。
03:56
The pan-African泛非 opportunities机会
outweigh超过 the challenges挑战,
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泛非洲的机遇大于挑战,
03:59
and that's why we're expanding扩大
Stawi'sStawi的 markets市场 from just Kenya肯尼亚
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因此,我们从肯尼亚开始
将 Stawi 的市场扩张到阿尔及利亚、
04:03
to Algeria阿尔及利亚, Nigeria尼日利亚, Ghana加纳,
and anywhere随地 else其他 that will buy购买 our food餐饮.
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尼日利亚、加纳,还有
所有会购买我们的食物的地方。
04:07
We hope希望 to help solve解决 food餐饮 security安全,
empower授权 farmers农民, create创建 jobs工作,
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我们希望帮助解决食品安全问题,
改善农民生活,创造就业机会,
发展当地经济,并在此历程中致富。
04:11
develop发展 the local本地 economy经济,
and we hope希望 to become成为 rich丰富 in the process处理.
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04:15
While it's not the sexiest最性感 approach途径,
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也许这不是最鲜嫩欲滴的手段,
04:18
and maybe it doesn't
achieve实现 the same相同 feel-good感觉不错
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跟在 kiva.org 上借出100美元
给别人买山羊相比,
04:20
as giving a woman女人 100 dollars美元
to buy购买 a goat山羊 on kivaKIVA.org组织,
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这可能不会给你同样的感觉。
04:24
perhaps也许 supporting支持 fewer,
higher-impact高冲击 entrepreneurs企业家
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向少数更具影响力的企业家提供帮助,
04:28
to build建立 massive大规模的 businesses企业
that scale规模 pan-Africa泛非洲
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构建大规模的企业
使其能够与泛非洲匹配,
04:31
can help change更改 this.
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或许能够帮助我们改变现状。
04:34
The political政治 freedom自由
for which哪一个 our forebearers先人 fought战斗
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我们先人为政治自由所作的拼搏
如果没有经济自由,就会变得徒劳。
我们先人为政治自由所作的拼搏
如果没有经济自由,就会变得徒劳。
04:38
is meaningless无意义的 without economic经济 freedom自由.
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04:43
We hope希望 to aid援助 this fight斗争
for economic经济 freedom自由
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我们希望为争取经济自由出力,
04:46
by building建造 world-class世界级 businesses企业,
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致力于打造世界级的企业,
04:48
creating创建 indigenous土著 wealth财富,
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创造本土财富,
04:50
providing提供 jobs工作 that we
so desperately拼命 need,
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创造我们迫切需要的就业岗位。
04:53
and hopefully希望 helping帮助 achieve实现 this.
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与此同时也希望通过实现这些目标,
04:57
Africa非洲 shall rise上升.
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非洲会崛起。
05:00
Thank you.
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谢谢!
05:02
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
05:09
Tom汤姆 Rielly里利: So Sangu三姑, of course课程,
this is strong强大 rhetoric修辞.
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汤姆·赖利:桑谷,这是很强的比喻。
05:13
You're making制造 100 percent百分 contrast对比
between之间 microcredit小额贷款
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你说小额贷款与普通的投资手段以及
不断增长的普通投资手段有天壤之别。
05:16
and regular定期 investment投资
and growing生长 regular定期 investment投资.
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你说小额贷款与普通的投资手段以及
不断增长的普通投资手段有天壤之别。
05:20
Do you think there is
a role角色 for microcredit小额贷款 at all?
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你认为小额贷款能否占一席之地?
05:23
Sangu三姑 Delle阿尔: I think there is a role角色.
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桑谷·德尔:我认为可以。
05:25
Microcredit小额贷款 has been a great,
innovative创新 way
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小额贷款一直是优秀创新的手段,
05:28
to expand扩大 financial金融 access访问
to the bottom底部 of the pyramid金字塔.
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用于为向金字塔底层的人
扩大金融活动的门槛。
05:32
But for the problems问题 we face面对 in Africa非洲,
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然而,我们非洲目前所面临的问题,
05:34
when we are looking
at the Marshall马歇尔 Plan计划
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比如说,为振兴饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲
而制定的马歇尔计划,
05:36
to revitalize振兴 war-torn兵连祸结 Europe欧洲,
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比如说,为振兴饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲
而制定的马歇尔计划,
05:37
it was not full充分 of donations捐款 of sheep.
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不只是单纯的捐赠羊群。
05:39
We need more than just microcredit小额贷款.
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我们需要的不仅仅是小额贷款,
05:41
We need more than just give 200 dollars美元.
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也不是仅仅200美元的援助,
05:43
We need to build建立 big businesses企业,
and we need jobs工作.
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我们需要构建大规模的企业,
需要更多的就业岗位。
05:46
TRTR: Very good. Thank you so much.
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赖利:非常好,感谢!
05:49
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by RONGXIN LIU
Reviewed by Xingyi Ouyang 歐陽杏儀

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.

Why you should listen

Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.

At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group. 

Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma.  GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.

Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference. 

Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.

Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.

More profile about the speaker
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com