TED2016
Trevor Timm: How free is our freedom of the press?
Trevor Tim (Trevor Timm): Koliko je slobodna naša sloboda štampe?
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Štampa ima prvim amandmanom zagarantovano pravo da objavljuje tajne informacije koje javnost mora da zna. Međutim, danas se uzbunjivači suočavaju sa progonom i malo gde mogu da se skriju. U ovom sažetom, informativnom govoru, saosnivač Slobode štampe i učesnik TED fellows programa, Trevor Tim, obrađuje skorašnju istoriju nadzora koju vrši američka vlada i zalaže se za tehnologiju koja može pomoći pojedincima da bezbedno i anonimno razotkrivaju kriminal i nepravdu.
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So this is James Risen.
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Dakle, ovo je Džejms Rajzen.
00:15
You may know him as the
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
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Možda ga znate kao novinara,
dobitnika Pulicerove nagrade,
dobitnika Pulicerove nagrade,
00:17
for The New York Times.
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iz "Njujork Tajmsa".
00:19
Long before anybody knew
Edward Snowden's name,
Edward Snowden's name,
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Mnogo pre nego što je iko čuo
za Edvarda Snoudena,
za Edvarda Snoudena,
00:22
Risen wrote a book in which
he famously exposed
he famously exposed
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Rajzen je napisao knjigu
u kojoj je, kao što znamo, razotkrio
u kojoj je, kao što znamo, razotkrio
00:25
that the NSA was illegally wiretapping
the phone calls of Americans.
the phone calls of Americans.
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da je NSA nezakonito prisluškivala
telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.
telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.
00:29
But it's another chapter in that book
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No jedno drugo poglavlje iz te knjige
00:31
that may have an even more lasting impact.
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možda je imalo i trajniji uticaj.
00:34
In it, he describes a catastrophic
US intelligence operation
US intelligence operation
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U njemu on opisuje katastrofalnu
operaciju američkih obaveštajaca
operaciju američkih obaveštajaca
00:39
in which the CIA quite literally
handed over blueprints
handed over blueprints
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u kojoj je CIA skoro bukvalno
predala nacrte
predala nacrte
00:42
of a nuclear bomb to Iran.
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nuklearne bombe Iranu.
00:44
If that sounds crazy, go read it.
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Ako vam to zvuči blesavo,
čitajte o tome.
čitajte o tome.
00:46
It's an incredible story.
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To je neverovatna priča.
00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter?
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Ali znate kome se
nije svidelo to poglavlje?
nije svidelo to poglavlje?
00:50
The US government.
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Američkoj vladi.
00:52
For nearly a decade afterwards,
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Skoro deceniju kasnije,
00:54
Risen was the subject
of a US government investigation
of a US government investigation
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Rajzen je bio predmet istrage
američke vlade
američke vlade
00:58
in which prosecutors demanded
that he testify
that he testify
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u kojoj su tužioci
zahtevali od njega da svedoči
zahtevali od njega da svedoči
01:00
against one of his alleged sources.
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protiv jednog od njegovih navodnih izvora.
01:02
And along the way, he became the face
for the US government's recent pattern
for the US government's recent pattern
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A usput je postao oličenje
za skorašnji obrazac američke vlade
za skorašnji obrazac američke vlade
01:06
of prosecuting whistleblowers
and spying on journalists.
and spying on journalists.
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dok proganja uzbunjivače
i špijunira novinare.
i špijunira novinare.
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment,
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Vidite, pod Prvim amandmanom,
01:12
the press has the right to publish
secret information in the public interest.
secret information in the public interest.
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štampa ima pravo da objavljuje
tajne informacije od javnog značaja.
tajne informacije od javnog značaja.
01:16
But it's impossible to exercise that right
if the media can't also gather that news
if the media can't also gather that news
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Ali je nemoguće praktikovati to pravo,
ako mediji ne mogu i da sakupljaju vesti
ako mediji ne mogu i da sakupljaju vesti
01:21
and protect the identities
of the brave men and women
of the brave men and women
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i da štite identitete
hrabrih muškaraca i žena
hrabrih muškaraca i žena
01:24
who get it to them.
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koji im ih dostavljaju.
01:26
So when the government came knocking,
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Pa, kad je vlada zakucala kod njega,
01:28
Risen did what many brave reporters
have done before him:
have done before him:
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Rajzen je uradio isto što i mnogi
hrabri novinari pre njega:
hrabri novinari pre njega:
01:31
he refused
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odbio je
01:32
and said he'd rather go to jail.
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rekavši da će radije otići u zatvor.
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
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Te je od 2007. do 2015.
01:37
Risen lived under the specter
of going to federal prison.
of going to federal prison.
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Rajzen živeo sa sablašću
odlaska u federalni zatvor.
odlaska u federalni zatvor.
01:40
That is, until just days before the trial,
when a curious thing happened.
when a curious thing happened.
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To jest sve do samo nekoliko dana pred
suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo desilo.
suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo desilo.
01:45
Suddenly, after years of claiming
it was vital to their case,
it was vital to their case,
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Iznenada, nakon godina tvrdnje
da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,
da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,
01:49
the government dropped their demands
to Risen altogether.
to Risen altogether.
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vlada je odbacila sve zahteve od Rajzena.
01:52
It turns out, in the age
of electronic surveillance,
of electronic surveillance,
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Ispostavilo se da u dobu
elektronskog nadzora
elektronskog nadzora
01:55
there are very few places
reporters and sources can hide.
reporters and sources can hide.
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ima veoma malo mesta
na koja se novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.
na koja se novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.
01:58
And instead of trying and failing
to have Risen testify,
to have Risen testify,
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I umesto truda i neuspeha
da ubede Rajzena da svedoči,
da ubede Rajzena da svedoči,
02:02
they could have his digital trail
testify against him instead.
testify against him instead.
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mogli su da imaju njegov digitalni trag
da svedoči protiv njega.
da svedoči protiv njega.
02:06
So completely in secret
and without his consent,
and without his consent,
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Pa su u potpunoj tajnosti
i bez njegovog pristanka
i bez njegovog pristanka
02:09
prosecutors got Risen's phone records.
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tužitelji dobili Rajzenov
spisak telefonskih poziva.
spisak telefonskih poziva.
02:11
They got his email records,
his financial and banking information,
his financial and banking information,
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Dobili su spisak imejlova,
njegove finansijske i bankovne informacije
njegove finansijske i bankovne informacije
02:16
his credit reports,
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i kreditne izveštaje,
02:18
even travel records with a list
of flights he had taken.
of flights he had taken.
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čak i izveštaje o putovanjima
sa spiskom letova.
sa spiskom letova.
02:21
And it was among this information that
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
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I ove informacije su iskoristili
da osude Džefrija Sterlinga,
da osude Džefrija Sterlinga,
02:25
Risen's alleged source
and CIA whistleblower.
and CIA whistleblower.
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Rajzenov navodni izvor
i CIA-inog uzbunjivača.
i CIA-inog uzbunjivača.
02:30
Sadly, this is only one case of many.
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Nažalost, ovo je samo jedan
slučaj od mnogih.
slučaj od mnogih.
02:33
President Obama ran on a promise
to protect whistleblowers,
to protect whistleblowers,
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Predsednik Obama je u kampanji obećao
da će da zaštiti uzbunjivače,
da će da zaštiti uzbunjivače,
02:36
and instead, his Justice Department
has prosecuted more
has prosecuted more
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a umesto toga, njegovo ministarstvo pravde
je tužilo više novinara
je tužilo više novinara
02:40
than all other administrations combined.
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od svih prethodnih
administracija zajedno.
administracija zajedno.
02:43
Now, you can see how this
could be a problem,
could be a problem,
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Sad, vidite kako bi to
moglo da bude problem,
moglo da bude problem,
02:45
especially because the government
considers so much of what it does secret.
considers so much of what it does secret.
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naročito jer vlada većinu svojih poslova
smatra tajnim.
smatra tajnim.
02:50
Since 9/11, virtually every important
story about national security
story about national security
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Od 11. 9. skoro svaka važna priča
o nacionalnoj sgurnosti
o nacionalnoj sgurnosti
02:55
has been the result of a whistleblower
coming to a journalist.
coming to a journalist.
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je bila rezultat prilaska
uzbunjivača novinarima.
uzbunjivača novinarima.
02:58
So we risk seeing the press
unable to do their job
unable to do their job
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Stoga rizikujemo da gledamo
štampu nesposobnu da radi posao
štampu nesposobnu da radi posao
03:01
that the First Amendment
is supposed to protect
is supposed to protect
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koji bi Prvi amandman trebalo da štiti
03:03
because of the government's
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
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zbog vladine sve izraženije
sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.
sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.
03:07
But just as technology has allowed
the government
the government
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Ali baš kao što je tehnologija
omogućila vladi
omogućila vladi
03:09
to circumvent reporters' rights,
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da izigra prava novinara,
03:12
the press can also use technology
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štampa takođe može da koristi tehnologiju
03:14
to protect their sources
even better than before.
even better than before.
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da zaštiti njihove izvore
čak i bolje nego pre.
čak i bolje nego pre.
03:17
And they can start from the moment
they begin speaking with them,
they begin speaking with them,
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I mogu da počnu od trenutka
kad započnu razgovor s njima,
kad započnu razgovor s njima,
03:20
rather than on the witness stand
after the fact.
after the fact.
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umesto na klupi za svedoke
nakon počinjenog dela.
nakon počinjenog dela.
03:24
Communications software now exists
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Trenutno postoji komunikacijski softver
03:26
that wasn't available
when Risen was writing his book,
when Risen was writing his book,
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koj nije bio dostupan
dok je Rajzen pisao svoju knjigu
dok je Rajzen pisao svoju knjigu
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant
than regular emails or phone calls.
than regular emails or phone calls.
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i mnogo je otporniji na nadzor
od običnih mejlova i telefonskih poziva.
od običnih mejlova i telefonskih poziva.
03:33
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,
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Na primer, jedno od tih oruđa
je SecureDrop,
je SecureDrop,
03:38
an open-source whistleblower
submission system
submission system
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sistem otovorenog koda
za podnošenje dokaza uzbunjivača
za podnošenje dokaza uzbunjivača
03:40
that was originally created by the late
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
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koji je prvobitno napravio
prosvetitelj interneta, pokojni Aron Švorc
prosvetitelj interneta, pokojni Aron Švorc
03:44
and is now developed
at the non-profit where I work,
at the non-profit where I work,
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i trenutno ga razvijaju
u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,
u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,
03:47
Freedom of the Press Foundation.
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fondaciji Sloboda štampe.
03:49
Instead of sending an email,
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Umesto slanja imejla,
03:51
you go to a news organization's website,
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odete na vebsajt publikacije,
03:53
like this one here on The Washington Post.
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poput ovog ovde, "Vašington posta".
03:56
From there, you can upload a document
or send information
or send information
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Odatle možete da učitate dokument
ili da pošaljete informaciju
ili da pošaljete informaciju
03:59
much like you would
on any other contact form.
on any other contact form.
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kao što biste
u bilo kom obrascu za kontakte.
u bilo kom obrascu za kontakte.
04:02
It'll then be encrypted
and stored on a server
and stored on a server
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Potom to prolazi enkripciju
i pohranjuje se na serveru
i pohranjuje se na serveru
04:05
that only the news organization
has access to.
has access to.
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kome jedino ta publikacija ima pristup.
04:08
So the government can no longer
secretly demand the information,
secretly demand the information,
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Tako vlada više ne može
da u tajnosti zahteva informacije,
da u tajnosti zahteva informacije,
04:11
and much of the information
they would demand
they would demand
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a većina informacija koje bi zahtevali
04:13
wouldn't be available in the first place.
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ionako ne bi bila dostupna.
04:16
SecureDrop, though, is really
only a small part of the puzzle
only a small part of the puzzle
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SecureDrop je ipak
zaista samo delić slagalice
zaista samo delić slagalice
04:19
for protecting press freedom
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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u zaštiti slobode štampe u XXI veku.
04:23
Unfortunately, governments
all over the world
all over the world
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Nažalost, vlade širom sveta
04:25
are constantly developing
new spying techniques
new spying techniques
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stalno razvijaju nove tehnike špijuniranja
04:27
that put us all at risk.
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koje su rizične za sve nas.
04:30
And it's up to us going forward
to make sure
to make sure
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A na nama je da se od sad staramo
04:32
that it's not just
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
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da i uzbunjivači
koji nisu tehnički stručnjaci
koji nisu tehnički stručnjaci
04:35
like Edward Snowden, who have
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
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poput Edvarda Snoudena, imaju pristup
razotkrivanju nepočinstava.
razotkrivanju nepočinstava.
04:39
It's just as vital that we protect the
next veteran's health care whistleblower
next veteran's health care whistleblower
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Jednako je važno da zaštitimo budućeg
uzbunjivača zdravstvene nege veterana
uzbunjivača zdravstvene nege veterana
04:44
alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,
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koji nam skreće pažnju
na prenatrpane bolnice;
na prenatrpane bolnice;
04:47
or the next environmental worker
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ili budućeg ekologa
04:49
sounding the alarm
about Flint's dirty water,
about Flint's dirty water,
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koji glasno upozorava
o Flintovim zagađenim vodama;
o Flintovim zagađenim vodama;
04:53
or a Wall Street insider
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ili insajdera sa Vol Strita
04:54
warning us of the next financial crisis.
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koji nas upozorava
na novu finansijsku krizu.
na novu finansijsku krizu.
04:57
After all, these tools weren't just built
to help the brave men and women
to help the brave men and women
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Konačno, ova oruđa nisu samo napravljena
da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene
da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene
05:02
who expose crimes,
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koji razotkrivaju zločine,
05:03
but are meant to protect
all of our rights under the Constitution.
all of our rights under the Constitution.
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već su i sredstva zaštite
svih naših ustavnih prava.
svih naših ustavnih prava.
Hvala vam.
05:07
Thank you.
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(Aplauz)
05:08
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analystTrevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.
Why you should listen
Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.
Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com