TEDxAmsterdam
Rogier van der Heide: Why light needs darkness
Rogier van der Heide: 光与暗的统一
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
631,115 views
照明设计师Rogier van der Heide向大家展示了一个看世界的新视角——注重照明的运用，也不能忽视暗的作用。结合了这两点，展现在大家眼前的将是一个美丽新世界。他所展示的经典建筑例子也让大家了解到身边的设计师们对照明利用的审慎态度。
Rogier van der Heide - Lighting designer
Rogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light. Full bio
Rogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There's a beautiful statement on the screen
0
0
3000
这里有一句富于美感的箴言
00:18
that says, "Light creates ambiance,
1
3000
3000
“氛围成于光，
00:21
light makes the feel of a space,
2
6000
3000
空间生于光，
00:24
and light is also the expression of structure."
3
9000
4000
建筑述诸于光。”
00:28
Well that was not by me.
4
13000
2000
这不是我的句子
00:30
That was, of course, by Le Corbusier,
5
15000
2000
这是著名建筑师
00:32
the famous architect.
6
17000
2000
勒·柯布西耶的名句。
00:34
And here you can see what he meant
7
19000
2000
这里你可以看出他要表达的意思
00:36
in one of his beautiful buildings --
8
21000
3000
这是他所设计众多的美丽建筑之一——
00:39
the chapel Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp --
9
24000
4000
法国朗香教堂。
00:43
where he creates this light
10
28000
2000
这种光照效果
00:45
that he could only make because there's also dark.
11
30000
3000
是在对暗的利用中呈现出的。
00:48
And I think that is the quintessence
12
33000
3000
这就是接下来18分钟演讲
00:51
of this 18-minute talk --
13
36000
3000
的重心所在了。
00:54
that there is no good lighting
14
39000
3000
没有适当的暗
00:57
that is healthy and for our well-being
15
42000
3000
就无所谓健康和对人类有益
01:00
without proper darkness.
16
45000
2000
的照明。
01:04
So this is how we normally would light our offices.
17
49000
3000
我们办公室的照明一般都是这样的。
01:07
We have codes and standards
18
52000
2000
按照惯常的标准大家会认为
01:09
that tell us that the lights should be so much lux
19
54000
3000
照明就应该是这样奢侈、
01:12
and of great uniformity.
20
57000
2000
整齐划一的。
01:14
This is how we create uniform lighting
21
59000
3000
我们就用这种制式的灯与栅格板
01:17
from one wall to the other
22
62000
2000
在墙与墙之间
01:19
in a regular grid of lamps.
23
64000
3000
制造出整齐的照明。
01:22
And that is quite different
24
67000
2000
这种照明设计
01:24
from what I just showed you
25
69000
2000
与之前我为大家展示的勒·柯布西耶的设计
01:26
from Le Corbusier.
26
71000
2000
是大不相同的。
01:28
If we would apply these codes and standards
27
73000
2000
如果我们照这种惯例与标准
01:30
to the Pantheon in Rome,
28
75000
2000
设计罗马万神殿的话
01:32
it would never have looked like this,
29
77000
2000
神殿就不会像现在这个模样了。
01:34
because this beautiful light feature
30
79000
2000
因为这样美丽的光的特写
01:36
that goes around there all by itself
31
81000
3000
随着时间自然的围绕着穹顶变换
01:39
can only appear
32
84000
2000
是只有在同一建筑里暗的存托下
01:41
because there is also darkness in that same building.
33
86000
3000
才能显现出来的。
01:45
And the same is more or less what Santiago Calatrava said
34
90000
3000
这与设计师圣地亚哥·卡拉特拉瓦所说的
01:48
when he said, "Light: I make it in my buildings
35
93000
3000
“照明，在我的设计中是用来享受的”
01:51
for comfort."
36
96000
2000
颇有些类似。
01:53
And he didn't mean the comfort of a five-course dinner
37
98000
3000
这里他所指的享受并非五道菜的正餐
01:56
as opposed to a one-course meal,
38
101000
2000
相对于一道菜便餐的享受，
01:58
but he really meant the comfort
39
103000
2000
他所指的是真正意义上
02:00
of the quality of the building for the people.
40
105000
3000
建筑的宜人设计带给人们的精神愉悦。
02:03
He meant that you can see the sky
41
108000
2000
他所指的是在这建筑里你可以看到天空
02:05
and that you can experience the sun.
42
110000
3000
可以享受阳光。
02:08
And he created these gorgeous buildings
43
113000
3000
于是他设计了这些华丽的建筑
02:11
where you can see the sky,
44
116000
2000
即使身在建筑里你也可以看到天空
02:13
and where you can experience the sun,
45
118000
2000
可以享受阳光。
02:15
that give us a better life in the built environment,
46
120000
3000
这样的建筑环境给予我们更多的享受
02:18
just because of the relevance of light
47
123000
3000
仅仅是因为他结合了光的
02:21
in its brightness and also in its shadows.
48
126000
4000
明亮与阴影。
02:25
What it all boils down to is, of course, the sun.
49
130000
3000
浓缩而成的，便是阳光。
02:28
And this image of the sun may suggest
50
133000
3000
这张太阳的图片所显示的
02:31
that the sun is something evil and aggressive,
51
136000
3000
是太阳可怕侵略的一面。
02:34
but we should not forget that all energy on this planet
52
139000
3000
但要记住这颗星球上的所有能源
02:37
actually comes from the sun,
53
142000
2000
都来源于太阳。
02:39
and light is only a manifestation
54
144000
3000
光不过是这种能源的
02:42
of that energy.
55
147000
2000
一种表达形式而已。
02:44
The sun is for dynamics, for color changes.
56
149000
3000
太阳是能动的，它主导明暗的变化
02:47
The sun is for beauty in our environment,
57
152000
3000
为我们的生存环境创造美，
02:50
like in this building --
58
155000
2000
正如这个建筑所展示的一样。
02:52
the High Museum in Atlanta,
59
157000
2000
这座位于亚特兰大的高等艺术博物馆
02:54
which has been created by Renzo Piano from Italy,
60
159000
2000
由来自意大利的伦佐·皮亚诺
02:56
together with Arup Lighting,
61
161000
3000
与英国奥雅纳照明设计团队
02:59
a brilliant team of lighting designers,
62
164000
2000
合作设计而成。
03:01
who created
63
166000
2000
这个设计
03:03
a very subtle modulation of light
64
168000
3000
利用在屋顶的众多开口
03:06
across the space,
65
171000
2000
对应外界的阳光
03:08
responding to what the sun does outside,
66
173000
2000
从而形成在这个空间里
03:10
just because of all these beautiful openings in the roof.
67
175000
3000
对光线的微妙调控。
03:13
So in an indirect way,
68
178000
2000
所以间接地
03:15
you can see the sun.
69
180000
2000
人们也能都感受到阳光。
03:17
And what they did
70
182000
2000
他们正是利用
03:19
is they created an integral building element
71
184000
2000
这个关键的建筑元素
03:21
to improve the quality of the space
72
186000
3000
来提高游客对周围空间
03:24
that surrounds the visitors of the museum.
73
189000
2000
的质感。
03:26
They created this shade
74
191000
2000
这里大家可以看到
03:28
that you can see here,
75
193000
2000
他们设计了这种形状的挡板
03:30
which actually covers the sun,
76
195000
3000
正好可以遮住阳光
03:33
but opens up to the good light from the sky.
77
198000
3000
又不至于阻碍光线的进入。
03:36
And here you can see
78
201000
2000
接下来你们可以看到
03:38
how they really crafted a beautiful design process
79
203000
2000
他们的整个设计进程
03:40
with physical models,
80
205000
2000
物理模具
03:42
with quantitative, as well as qualitative, methods
81
207000
3000
结合定量、定性两种分析方法
03:45
to come to a final solution
82
210000
3000
得出一个最终方案
03:48
that is truly integrated and completely holistic
83
213000
2000
与整个建筑形成完美的
03:50
with the architecture.
84
215000
2000
统一与结合。
03:52
They allowed themselves a few mistakes along the way.
85
217000
2000
设计的时候他们故意留下了一些不完美的地方。
03:54
As you can see here, there's some direct light on the floor,
86
219000
2000
大家可以看到，这里，有一些光线直射向地板，
03:56
but they could easily figure out where that comes from.
87
221000
3000
但他们也可以立刻判断出这光束来自哪里。
03:59
And they allow people in that building
88
224000
4000
他们让这建筑里的人们
04:03
to really enjoy the sun,
89
228000
2000
真正的享受阳光，
04:05
the good part of the sun.
90
230000
2000
享受太阳的好的一面。
04:07
And enjoying the sun
91
232000
2000
当然享受阳光
04:09
can be in many different ways, of course.
92
234000
3000
可以有很多种方式。
04:12
It can be just like this,
93
237000
2000
可以像这样，
04:14
or maybe like this, which is rather peculiar,
94
239000
3000
也可以像这样，虽然方式古怪了点，
04:17
but this is in 1963 --
95
242000
2000
这其实是1963年
04:19
the viewing of a sun eclipse
96
244000
2000
美国人们观赏
04:21
in the United States.
97
246000
2000
一次日蚀的景象。
04:23
And it's just a bit bright up there,
98
248000
3000
直视太阳的话会太刺眼，
04:26
so these people have found a very intriguing solution.
99
251000
3000
所以人们想到了这个滑稽的方式。
04:30
This is, I think, a very illustrative image of what I try to say --
100
255000
2000
接下来我想为大家介绍这张图片
04:32
that the beautiful dynamics of sun,
101
257000
3000
它展示了太阳的能动，
04:35
bringing these into the building,
102
260000
2000
投射进建筑的光线
04:37
creates a quality of our built environment
103
262000
3000
提高了这些人造环境的质量
04:40
that truly enhances our lives.
104
265000
2000
让我们的生活更显美好。
04:42
And this is all about darkness
105
267000
2000
这是光线的功劳
04:44
as much as it is about lightness, of course,
106
269000
2000
也在同等程度上归功于阴暗。
04:46
because otherwise you don't see these dynamics.
107
271000
3000
因为没有阴暗的对比，你根本无法观察到这样的变化。
04:49
As opposed to the first office that I showed you
108
274000
3000
这里我要向大家展示一间
04:52
in the beginning of the talk,
109
277000
2000
和开始时那间完全不同的办公室，
04:54
this is a well-known office, which is the White Group.
110
279000
3000
这间办公室颇有名气，该团队为自己取名叫“白色”，
04:57
They are in green energy consulting, or something like that.
111
282000
3000
从事绿色能源咨询或者类似业务。
05:00
And they really practice what they preach
112
285000
2000
他们确实无愧于自己的生意
05:02
because this office doesn't have any electric lighting at all.
113
287000
3000
这间办公室就没有使用一个人工照明。
05:05
It has only on one side
114
290000
2000
它只在一边墙的位置
05:07
this big, big glass window
115
292000
2000
装上了巨大的玻璃窗，
05:09
that helps to let the sunlight enter
116
294000
2000
屋外的阳光可以照到
05:11
deep into the space
117
296000
2000
整间办公室
05:13
and create a beautiful quality there and a great dynamic range.
118
298000
3000
提供高质量的照明同时富于明暗的变化。
05:16
So it can be very dim over there, and you do your work,
119
301000
3000
这样你工作的时候有时光线变得昏暗
05:19
and it can be very bright over there, and you do your work.
120
304000
3000
有时又变得明亮。
05:22
But actually the human eye
121
307000
2000
但是人类的眼睛
05:24
turns out to be remarkably adaptable
122
309000
2000
却能非常好地适应
05:26
to all these different light conditions
123
311000
2000
所有这些光线的明暗变化，
05:28
that together create an environment
124
313000
2000
而正是这些明暗变化让整个工作环境
05:30
that is never boring and that is never dull,
125
315000
2000
不在死板无趣，
05:32
and therefore helps us to enhance our lives.
126
317000
3000
同时提高了我们的生活质量。
05:36
I really owe a short introduction of this man to you.
127
321000
3000
今天我一定要把这个人介绍给大家。
05:39
This is Richard Kelly
128
324000
2000
他叫理查德.凯利
05:41
who was born 100 years ago,
129
326000
2000
出生于一百年前
05:43
which is the reason I bring him up now,
130
328000
2000
这就是为什么现在我要把他提出来
05:45
because it's kind of an anniversary year.
131
330000
2000
因为今年是他的诞辰100周年。
05:47
In the 1930s, Richard Kelly was the first person
132
332000
3000
上世纪30年代，理查德.凯利第一个
05:50
to really describe
133
335000
2000
正式提出
05:52
a methodology of modern lighting design.
134
337000
2000
现代照明设计的的理念。
05:54
And he coined three terms,
135
339000
2000
他提出了三个概念，
05:56
which are "focal glow,"
136
341000
2000
焦点光，
05:58
"ambient luminescence"
137
343000
2000
环境光，
06:00
and "play of the brilliants" --
138
345000
2000
以及华光。
06:02
three very distinctly different
139
347000
2000
这三种光在建筑设计的概念中
06:04
ideas about light in architecture
140
349000
2000
差别很大，
06:06
that all together
141
351000
2000
正是这三种光一起
06:08
make up this beautiful experience.
142
353000
2000
缔造了现代建筑带来的美妙体验。
06:10
So you begin with focal glow.
143
355000
2000
我们先来看焦点光。
06:12
He meant something like this --
144
357000
2000
焦点光的概念是指
06:14
where the light gives direction to the space
145
359000
2000
可在空间里指明方位的光
06:16
and helps you to get around.
146
361000
2000
人们根据这种光找到自己想去的地方。
06:18
Or something like this, which is the lighting design he did
147
363000
2000
或者是这种他自己为“通用”的车展会场
06:20
for General Motors, for the car showroom.
148
365000
2000
所做的光照设计。
06:22
And you enter that space,
149
367000
2000
你一走进会场，
06:24
and you feel like, "Wow! This is so impressive,"
150
369000
3000
就会想：“噢，这也太炫目了吧。”
06:27
just because of this focal point,
151
372000
2000
引发这种感觉的正是中间这巨大光源
06:29
this huge light source in the middle.
152
374000
2000
形成的焦点光。
06:31
To me it is something from theatre,
153
376000
2000
对我来说这有些像剧院，
06:33
and I will get back to that a little bit later.
154
378000
2000
这个我会在稍后说明。
06:35
It's the spotlight on the artist
155
380000
2000
聚焦在演员身上的灯光
06:37
that helps you to focus.
156
382000
2000
让观众的注意力集中于演员身上。
06:39
It could also be the sunlight that breaks through the clouds
157
384000
3000
焦点光也可以是穿过云层透射下的阳光
06:42
and lights up a patch of the land,
158
387000
3000
只照亮一小块土地。
06:45
highlighting it
159
390000
2000
让其
06:47
compared to the dim environment.
160
392000
3000
在相对昏暗的环境中凸显出来。
06:50
Or it can be in today's retail, in the shopping environment --
161
395000
3000
或者像在今天的购物区，商家们
06:53
lighting the merchandise
162
398000
2000
使用射灯照亮商品，
06:55
and creating accents that help you to get around.
163
400000
3000
制造出一种氛围促使你到处逛逛。
06:58
Ambient luminescence is something very different.
164
403000
3000
环境光是完全不同的另一种光。
07:01
Richard Kelly saw it as something infinite,
165
406000
3000
理查德.凯利把它看做一种存在于无限空间的，
07:04
something without any focus,
166
409000
2000
没有聚焦的光，
07:06
something where all details
167
411000
2000
所有的细节
07:08
actually dissolve in infinity.
168
413000
3000
都溶在了这个无限的空间里面。
07:11
And I see it as a very comfortable kind of light
169
416000
3000
在我看来，这是一种很舒服的光，
07:14
that really helps us to relax
170
419000
2000
可以让人放松，
07:16
and to contemplate.
171
421000
2000
引人沉思。
07:18
It could also be something like this:
172
423000
2000
它可以是这样的：
07:20
the National Museum of Science in London,
173
425000
3000
这是位于伦敦的英国国家科学博物馆。
07:23
where this blue
174
428000
2000
无限的蓝色
07:25
is embracing all the exhibitions and galleries
175
430000
2000
将所有的展品和美术品
07:27
in one large gesture.
176
432000
3000
包容在一起。
07:30
And then finally, Kelly's play of brilliants attitude,
177
435000
3000
最后轮到凯利的华光理念。
07:33
that really some play of the skyline of Hong Kong,
178
438000
4000
香港的天际线是个绝佳的例子，
07:37
or perhaps the chandelier in the opera house,
179
442000
2000
或者这个歌剧院的大吊灯。
07:39
or in the theater here,
180
444000
2000
又或者像我们这个剧院
07:41
which is a decoration,
181
446000
2000
这个吊灯用来装饰的部分
07:43
the icing on the cake, something playful,
182
448000
2000
像是蛋糕上的糖衣，十分有趣
07:45
something that is just an addition
183
450000
2000
对整个建筑环境
07:47
to the architectural environment, I would say.
184
452000
3000
起着修饰的作用。
07:50
These three distinct elements,
185
455000
2000
这三种截然不同的概念
07:52
together, make a lighting environment
186
457000
2000
一起使整体的照明环境
07:54
that helps us to feel better.
187
459000
2000
更适于我们的生活。
07:56
And we can only create these out of darkness.
188
461000
2000
而没有对暗的利用我们也无法创造出这些。
07:58
And I will explain that further.
189
463000
2000
之后我会对这个进行进一步的解释。
08:00
And I guess that is something that Richard Kelly, here on the left,
190
465000
3000
我想，理查德.凯利，左边的这位，在向
08:03
was explaining to Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe.
191
468000
3000
密斯·凡德罗解释的就是这个吧。
08:06
And behind them, you see that Seagram Building
192
471000
2000
他们身后的正是西格拉姆大厦，
08:08
that later turned into
193
473000
2000
后来正是这栋大厦
08:10
an icon of modern lighting design.
194
475000
3000
成为现代照明设计的符号象征。
08:14
Those times, there were some early attempts
195
479000
2000
那个时候，也已经有人开始
08:16
also for light therapy already.
196
481000
2000
对光照疗法进行早期尝试。
08:18
You can see here a photo from the United States Library of Medicine,
197
483000
3000
这是美国国家医疗图书馆的一张照片，
08:21
where people are put in the sun to get better.
198
486000
3000
病人们被安置在阳光下进行康复。
08:24
It's a little bit of a different story,
199
489000
2000
这种阳光的医疗作用
08:26
this health aspect of light,
200
491000
2000
与今天我将向大家介绍的
08:28
than what I'm telling you today.
201
493000
2000
有些不同。
08:30
In today's modern medicine,
202
495000
2000
在今天的现代医疗领域
08:32
there is a real understanding of light
203
497000
3000
人们已经从一种类生化的视角
08:35
in an almost biochemical way.
204
500000
3000
对光有了真正的认识。
08:38
And there is the idea
205
503000
2000
有一种说法是，
08:40
that, when we look at things,
206
505000
2000
我们看东西的时候
08:42
it is the yellow light that helps us the most,
207
507000
3000
黄光对我们最为有益，
08:45
that we are the most sensitive for.
208
510000
2000
且肉眼最为敏感。
08:47
But our circadian rhythms,
209
512000
2000
但如果从我们的昼夜节律来讲，
08:49
which are the rhythms that help us to wake and sleep
210
514000
2000
这种节律提醒我们什么时候该醒来，什么时候该休息，
08:51
and be alert and relaxed and so forth and so on,
211
516000
3000
主导我们的警觉与放松诸如此类。
08:54
they are much more triggered by blue light.
212
519000
3000
但是这种节律却由蓝光主导。
08:57
And by modulating the amount of blue
213
522000
2000
如果对我们环境中的蓝光
08:59
in our environment,
214
524000
2000
进行适当调控，
09:01
we can help people to relax, or to be alert,
215
526000
3000
就可以帮助人们放松或者调整到警惕状态，
09:04
to fall asleep, or to stay awake.
216
529000
3000
帮助人们入睡或保持清醒。
09:07
And that is how,
217
532000
2000
现在我们能做的只有这些，
09:09
maybe in the near future,
218
534000
2000
但也许在不久的将来，
09:11
light can help hospitals
219
536000
2000
医院可以通过控制照明
09:13
to make people better sooner,
220
538000
3000
促使病人更快、
09:16
recover them quicker.
221
541000
2000
更好的康复。
09:18
Maybe in the airplane,
222
543000
2000
或许在飞机上
09:20
we can overcome jet lag like that.
223
545000
2000
也可以应用这个来帮助人们调整时差。
09:22
Perhaps in school, we can help children to learn better
224
547000
3000
学校里也可以通过这个来提高孩子的课堂注意力
09:25
because they concentrate more on their work.
225
550000
3000
改善孩子们的学习状况。
09:28
And you can imagine a lot more applications.
226
553000
2000
大家还可以举出更多的例子。
09:30
But I would like to talk further
227
555000
2000
但是接下来我还想继续讨论
09:32
about the combination
228
557000
2000
光与暗
09:34
of light and darkness
229
559000
3000
的统一
09:37
as a quality in our life.
230
562000
3000
对我们生活质量的影响。
09:41
So light is, of course, for social interaction also --
231
566000
3000
毋庸置疑，在社会互动里也是一样，照明
09:44
to create relationships
232
569000
2000
编织着我们与
09:46
with all the features around us.
233
571000
2000
周围一切的关系。
09:48
It is the place where we gather around
234
573000
3000
它是我们想相互倾诉时，
09:51
when we have to say something to each other.
235
576000
2000
我们会聚在一起的地方。
09:53
And it is all about this planet.
236
578000
2000
它是这颗星球。
09:55
But when you look at this planet at night, it looks like this.
237
580000
3000
当你在夜晚观察这颗星球，它就是这个样子。
09:58
And I think this is the most shocking image
238
583000
2000
我觉得这是我今天的演讲里
10:00
in my talk today.
239
585000
2000
最让人震惊的一张图片。
10:02
Because all this light here
240
587000
2000
因为，这些光照
10:04
goes up to the sky.
241
589000
2000
其实全部都向外照射到天空。
10:06
It never reaches the ground
242
591000
2000
它们根本就不像人们设想的那样
10:08
where it was meant for.
243
593000
2000
照向地面。
10:10
It never is to the benefit of people.
244
595000
2000
这些照明并没有为人类所用。
10:12
It only spoils the darkness.
245
597000
2000
它们只不过是毁坏了黑夜的美丽。
10:14
So at a global scale, it looks like this.
246
599000
3000
从全球来看，图像变成了这样。
10:17
And, I mean, that is quite amazing, what you see here --
247
602000
3000
这是相当令人讶然的情况，你们从这里可以看到
10:20
how much light goes up into the sky
248
605000
3000
有多少光径直射向了天空
10:23
and never reaches the ground.
249
608000
2000
根本没有到达过地面。
10:25
Because if we look at the Earth the way it should be,
250
610000
3000
如果没有这些人为滥用的灯光，还地球本来面貌，
10:28
it would be something like this very inspiring image
251
613000
3000
那么我们看到的地球应该是这样一副让人震撼的图画，
10:31
where darkness is for our imagination
252
616000
2000
这里黑暗能够启发我们的想象力，
10:33
and for contemplation
253
618000
2000
促使我们冥想，
10:35
and to help us to relate to everything.
254
620000
3000
启迪我们与万物之间的联系。
10:38
The world is changing though,
255
623000
2000
然而这世界已经变了，
10:40
and urbanization is a big driver of everything.
256
625000
2000
而城市化正是一切变化的幕后推手。
10:42
I took this photo two weeks ago in Guangzhou,
257
627000
3000
这张照片是两周前我在广州拍摄的，
10:45
and I realized that 10 years ago,
258
630000
2000
10年前的广州，
10:47
there was nothing like this, of these buildings.
259
632000
4000
完全没有一点这些建筑的影子。
10:51
It was just a much smaller city,
260
636000
2000
那时候它只是一个小城市，
10:53
and the pace of urbanization
261
638000
2000
它城市化的速度
10:55
is incredible and enormous.
262
640000
2000
真是让人叹为观止。
10:57
And we have to understand these main questions:
263
642000
3000
我们不禁要开始考虑这些问题：
11:00
How do people move through these new urban spaces?
264
645000
3000
人们是用什么样的方式穿行于这许多新兴的城市区域呢？
11:03
How do they share their culture?
265
648000
2000
人们怎样共享彼此的文化呢？
11:05
How do we tackle things like mobility?
266
650000
2000
流动人口的问题又是如何解决的呢？
11:07
And how can light help there?
267
652000
2000
在这里照片能帮到人们什么呢？
11:09
Because the new technologies,
268
654000
2000
新兴的照明技术
11:11
they seem to be in a really interesting position
269
656000
3000
似乎将照明应用在
11:14
to contribute to the solutions of urbanization
270
659000
3000
解决城市化问题与提供更加宜居环境上
11:17
and to provide us with better environments.
271
662000
3000
置于了一个尴尬的位置。
11:20
It's not that long ago
272
665000
2000
尚在不久之前，
11:22
that our lighting was just done
273
667000
2000
我们仍在使用这种灯泡
11:24
with these kinds of lamps.
274
669000
2000
进行照明。
11:26
And of course, we had the metal halide lamps and fluorescent lamps
275
671000
2000
当然，我们也有复金属灯与荧光灯
11:28
and things like that.
276
673000
2000
或者类似的东西。
11:30
Now we have LED,
277
675000
2000
现在我们有LED（发光二极管）灯
11:32
but here you see the latest one,
278
677000
2000
这里你们可以看到最新的一款，
11:34
and you see how incredibly small it is.
279
679000
2000
体积非常小。
11:36
And this is exactly what offers us a unique opportunity
280
681000
3000
这种灯给了我们现在一个独一无二的机会，
11:39
because this tiny, tiny size
281
684000
3000
因为这个极小的体积
11:42
allows us to put the light wherever we really need it.
282
687000
3000
我们完全可以把它带在身边，需要的时候拿出来
11:45
And we can actually leave it out where it's not needed at all
283
690000
2000
不需要的时候就关掉
11:47
and where we can preserve darkness.
284
692000
2000
以保证对黑暗的需求。
11:49
So that is a really interesting proposition, I think,
285
694000
3000
我觉得这是一个非常不错的提议。
11:52
and a new way of lighting the architectural environment
286
697000
3000
它同时也提供了一种新的健康的
11:55
with our well-being in mind.
287
700000
3000
建筑照明方式。
11:58
The problem is though that I wanted to explain to you how this really works --
288
703000
3000
现在我想向大家展示一下LED是如何工作的，
12:01
but I can have four of these on my finger,
289
706000
3000
但是它体积太小，我的小指上都能放下四个LED，
12:04
so you would not to be able to really see them.
290
709000
3000
这样你们也没办法看清楚。
12:07
So I asked our laboratory to do something about it,
291
712000
2000
所以我拜托我的研究室想想办法，
12:09
and they said, "Well, we can do something."
292
714000
2000
然后他们说：“没问题， 我们可以做些改进。”
12:11
They created for me the biggest LED in the world
293
716000
3000
于是他们为我，也特别为本次TEDx阿姆斯特丹演讲
12:14
especially for TEDx in Amsterdam.
294
719000
2000
制造了一个世界上最大的LED灯管。
12:16
So here it is.
295
721000
2000
就是这个。
12:18
It's the same thing as you can see over there -- just 200 times bigger.
296
723000
3000
这和屏幕上显示的是同一个东西——不过是放大了200倍。
12:21
And I will very quickly show you how it works.
297
726000
3000
现在我向大家快速地解释一下
12:24
So just to explain.
298
729000
3000
它的工作原理。
12:28
Now, every LED that is made these days
299
733000
4000
现在的LED发出的都是
12:32
gives blue light.
300
737000
2000
蓝光。
12:34
Now this is not very pleasant and comfortable.
301
739000
3000
就现在这个样子看的话会让人有些不适。
12:37
And for that reason,
302
742000
2000
所以
12:39
we cover the LED
303
744000
3000
我们要在LED外面
12:42
with a phosphor cap.
304
747000
2000
加盖一个磷帽子
12:44
And the phosphor is excited by the blue
305
749000
3000
磷被蓝光照射而活跃
12:47
and makes the light white and warm and pleasant.
306
752000
3000
最终使光变成温暖柔和的白光。
12:50
And then when you add the lens to that,
307
755000
3000
然后在上面加上一块透镜片，
12:53
you can bundle the light and send it to wherever you need it
308
758000
3000
就可以将光聚在一起照射到理想的地方，
12:56
without any need to spill any light
309
761000
2000
避免光浪费找到
12:58
to the sky or anywhere else.
310
763000
2000
天空或者其他什么地方了。
13:00
So you can preserve the darkness and make the light.
311
765000
3000
这样既可以照明也不至于破坏应有的黑暗。
13:03
I just wanted to show that to you
312
768000
2000
我只是想在你们面前演示一遍
13:05
so you understand how this works.
313
770000
3000
这样你们就能明白它的工作原理了。
13:09
Thank you.
314
774000
2000
谢谢。
13:11
We can go further.
315
776000
2000
我们继续刚才的话题。
13:13
So we have to rethink the way we light our cities.
316
778000
3000
是时候该检讨我们城市照明的方式了。
13:16
We have to think again
317
781000
2000
我们应该重新考虑
13:18
about light as a default solution.
318
783000
2000
是否该将照明作为一种城市的默认状态。
13:20
Why are all these motorways permanently lit?
319
785000
2000
为什么高速公路上要通宵照明？
13:22
Is it really needed?
320
787000
2000
真的需要吗？
13:24
Can we maybe be much more selective
321
789000
2000
照明是不是应该有选择性
13:26
and create better environments that also benefit from darkness?
322
791000
3000
以便我们能从黑暗中受益得到更宜居的环境？
13:29
Can we be more gentle with light?
323
794000
2000
我们是否应在照明上有所节制了？
13:31
Like here -- this is a very low light level actually.
324
796000
3000
比如说像这样——这已经是一种相对低耗能状态了。
13:34
Can we engage people more
325
799000
2000
我们能不能号召到更多的人们
13:36
in the lighting projects that we create,
326
801000
2000
参与到我们这个节能照明计划中来，
13:38
so they really want to connect with it, like here?
327
803000
3000
这样他们也能像这样更好地融入整个照明环境？
13:41
Or can we create simply sculptures
328
806000
2000
或者我们能不能单纯地设计出这样的雕塑般的建筑
13:43
that are very inspiring to be in and to be around?
329
808000
2000
无论从里面还是外面都是美的享受？
13:45
And can we preserve the darkness?
330
810000
2000
我们能够保护黑暗不受照明的侵蚀吗？
13:47
Because to find a place like this today on Earth
331
812000
3000
因为要在现今的地球找到这样一个地方
13:50
is really very, very challenging.
332
815000
3000
已经是非常不容易。
13:53
And to find a starry sky like this is even more difficult.
333
818000
3000
找到这样的星空更是难上加难。
13:56
Even in the oceans, we are creating a lot of light
334
821000
3000
即便是在海上，大规模的照明
13:59
that we could actually ban also for animal life
335
824000
3000
也大大影响了
14:02
to have a much greater well-being.
336
827000
2000
野生动物的健康生活。
14:04
And it's known that migrating birds, for example,
337
829000
2000
比如说，众所周知的，鸟类在迁徙的时候
14:06
get very disoriented
338
831000
2000
会因为这些海上平台的照明设施的干扰
14:08
because of these offshore platforms.
339
833000
2000
而迷路。
14:10
And we discovered that, when we make those lights green,
340
835000
2000
而且我们发现，如果我们将这些照明的灯光变为绿色，
14:12
the birds, they actually go the right way.
341
837000
2000
这些鸟儿在飞行时就不会收到干扰，
14:14
They are not disturbed anymore.
342
839000
3000
也不会迷路。
14:17
And it turns out once again
343
842000
2000
由此亦可见
14:19
that spectral sensitivity
344
844000
2000
分光敏度的
14:21
is very important here.
345
846000
2000
重要性。
14:23
In all of these examples, I think,
346
848000
3000
从这所有的例子中，我以为
14:26
we should start making the light out of darkness,
347
851000
3000
我们要开始利用暗反衬出明，
14:29
and use the darkness as a canvas --
348
854000
2000
将黑暗作为一张画布——
14:31
like the visual artists do,
349
856000
2000
正如视觉艺术家
14:33
like Edward Hopper in this painting.
350
858000
2000
比如爱德华·霍珀在这幅画里的表现手法一样。
14:35
I think that there is a lot of suspense in this painting.
351
860000
3000
这幅画里有狠多留白，
14:38
I think, when I see it,
352
863000
2000
当我看到这幅画的时候，
14:40
I start to think, who are those people?
353
865000
2000
就会去想，这都是些什么人呢？
14:42
Where have they come from? Where are they going?
354
867000
2000
他们从哪儿来，又到哪儿去？
14:44
What just happened? What will be happening in the next five minutes?
355
869000
3000
刚刚发生了什么事情？5分钟后又会发生什么事情？
14:47
And it only embodies all these stories and all this suspense
356
872000
3000
正是由于画家对光与暗的合理利用
14:50
because of the darkness and the light.
357
875000
2000
才使这画能容纳下这所有的故事与留白。
14:52
Edward Hopper was a real master
358
877000
2000
爱德华·霍珀对光与暗的熟稔运用
14:54
in creating the narration
359
879000
2000
使他不愧为一位真正的
14:56
by working with light and dark.
360
881000
2000
叙事大师。
14:58
And we can learn from that
361
883000
2000
我们可以从中学习
15:00
and create more interesting and inspiring architectural environments.
362
885000
3000
并创造出更多有趣而震撼人心的建筑。
15:03
We can do that in commercial spaces like this.
363
888000
3000
我们可以将一个娱乐场所做这样的设计
15:06
And you can still also go outside
364
891000
2000
而你也可以走出户外
15:08
and enjoy the greatest show in the universe,
365
893000
5000
享受宇宙演出的最华丽的乐章，
15:13
which is, of course, the universe itself.
366
898000
3000
即宇宙本身。
15:17
So I give you this wonderful, informative
367
902000
3000
这是一组很有意思的星空图，
15:20
image of the sky,
368
905000
3000
它们里面包含了很多东西。
15:23
ranging from the inner city,
369
908000
2000
从市中心观察天空，
15:25
where you may see one or two stars and nothing else,
370
910000
3000
只能看到一两颗星星甚至什么都看不到。
15:28
all the way to the rural environments,
371
913000
2000
往偏远郊区去，
15:30
where you can enjoy
372
915000
2000
也就能欣赏到
15:32
this great and gorgeous and beautiful performance
373
917000
3000
美丽壮观的
15:35
of the constellations and the stars.
374
920000
2000
灿烂星河。
15:37
In architecture, it works just the same.
375
922000
3000
对于建筑来说也是一样的道理。
15:40
By appreciating the darkness when you design the light,
376
925000
3000
如果在设计照明的时候加入对暗元素的欣赏
15:43
you create much more interesting environments
377
928000
3000
设计出的环境就更生动有趣
15:46
that truly enhance our lives.
378
931000
3000
我们的生活也会得益于此。
15:49
This is the most well-known example,
379
934000
2000
接下来是个非常著名的例子，
15:51
Tadao Ando's Church of Light.
380
936000
2000
安藤忠雄设计的光之教堂。
15:53
But I also think
381
938000
2000
同时让我想起了
15:55
of Peter Zumthor's spa in Vals,
382
940000
4000
彼得·祖索尔设计的瑞士瓦尔斯热澡堂
15:59
where light and dark, in very gentle combinations,
383
944000
3000
光与暗柔和的相映成趣
16:02
alter each other to define the space.
384
947000
2000
互相的变化构架起整个空间。
16:04
Or Richard McCormack's Southern tube station in London,
385
949000
3000
还有理查德.麦科马克所设计的伦敦南部地铁站
16:07
where you can really see the sky,
386
952000
2000
那里你虽然身处地下
16:09
even though you are under the ground.
387
954000
3000
却仍然能看到天空。
16:12
And finally I want to point out
388
957000
2000
最后我想说的事
16:14
that a lot of this inspiration comes from theater.
389
959000
2000
我这里许多的灵感都是来自这家剧院
16:16
And I think it's fantastic that we are today experiencing TEDx
390
961000
4000
我真的非常开心今天大家能够第一次在这家剧院齐聚一堂，
16:20
in a theater for the first time
391
965000
3000
共同体验TEDx演讲。
16:23
because I think we really owe to the theater a big thanks.
392
968000
4000
我想我们都应该向这家剧院道一声谢。
16:27
It wouldn't be such an inspiring scenography
393
972000
2000
如果不是这家剧院
16:29
without this theater.
394
974000
2000
今天的众多图例展示不会有这么震撼的效果。
16:31
And I think the theater is a place
395
976000
3000
我以为，这家剧院是一个
16:34
where we truly enhance life with light.
396
979000
3000
可以真正利用照明来提高我们的生活质量的地方。
16:37
Thank you very much.
397
982000
2000
谢谢大家。
16:39
(Applause)
398
984000
6000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rogier van der Heide - Lighting designerRogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light.
Why you should listen
Lighting designer Rogier van der Heide creates (and oversees) engaging, inspiring, three-dimensional design that fuses light, image projection, architecture and product design to create a memorable, authentic experience. He's been internationally recognized as one of the leading architectural lighting design specialists. He's the Chief Design Officer for Philips Lighting; before that, he was Director at Arup and Global Business Leader Lighting Design of Arup Lighting.
Van der Heide is one of five international designers commissioned by Swarovski Crystal Palace to create an installation to be launched during the Milan Furniture Fair this year.
Rogier van der Heide | Speaker | TED.com