TEDxAmsterdam
Rogier van der Heide: Why light needs darkness
Rogier van der Heide: Zašto je svjetlu potrebna tama?
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
631,115 views
Arhitekt osvjetljenja Rogier van der Heide nudi nov i prelijep način gledanja na svijet -- obraćajući pažnju na svjetlo (i tamu). Primjeri klasičnih građevina ilustriraju duboko promišljenu viziju igre svjetlosti oko nas.
Rogier van der Heide - Lighting designer
Rogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light. Full bio
Rogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There's a beautiful statement on the screen
0
0
3000
Na ekranu je prelijepa izjava
00:18
that says, "Light creates ambiance,
1
3000
3000
koja kaže "Svjetlost stvara ambijent,
00:21
light makes the feel of a space,
2
6000
3000
svjetlost stvara osjećaj prostora,
00:24
and light is also the expression of structure."
3
9000
4000
a svjetlost je također i izraz strukture."
00:28
Well that was not by me.
4
13000
2000
Ova izreka ipak nije moja.
00:30
That was, of course, by Le Corbusier,
5
15000
2000
Potječe naravno od Le Corbusiera,
00:32
the famous architect.
6
17000
2000
poznatog arhitekta.
00:34
And here you can see what he meant
7
19000
2000
A ovdje možete vidjeti što je pod tim mislio
00:36
in one of his beautiful buildings --
8
21000
3000
na jednoj od njegovih prelijepih građevina --
00:39
the chapel Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp --
9
24000
4000
kapela Notre Dame du Haut Ronchamp --
00:43
where he creates this light
10
28000
2000
u kojoj stvara osvjetljenje
00:45
that he could only make because there's also dark.
11
30000
3000
koje je mogao stvoriti jedino zato što tamo postoji i tama.
00:48
And I think that is the quintessence
12
33000
3000
Mislim da je to suština
00:51
of this 18-minute talk --
13
36000
3000
ovog 18-minutnog govora --
00:54
that there is no good lighting
14
39000
3000
da nema dobrog osvjetljenja
00:57
that is healthy and for our well-being
15
42000
3000
koje je zdravo i za našu dobrobit
01:00
without proper darkness.
16
45000
2000
bez odgovarajuće tame.
01:04
So this is how we normally would light our offices.
17
49000
3000
Dakle, ovako bismo inače osvijetlili naše urede.
01:07
We have codes and standards
18
52000
2000
Imamo norme i standarde
01:09
that tell us that the lights should be so much lux
19
54000
3000
koji nam kažu da bi rasvjeta trebala imati određeni luks
01:12
and of great uniformity.
20
57000
2000
i da bi trebala biti velike ujednačenosti.
01:14
This is how we create uniform lighting
21
59000
3000
Ovako stvaramo ujednačeno osvjetljenje
01:17
from one wall to the other
22
62000
2000
od jednog zida do drugog
01:19
in a regular grid of lamps.
23
64000
3000
u uobičajenoj mreži lampi.
01:22
And that is quite different
24
67000
2000
A to je sasvim drugačije
01:24
from what I just showed you
25
69000
2000
od ovoga što sam vam upravo pokazao
01:26
from Le Corbusier.
26
71000
2000
od Le Corbusiera.
01:28
If we would apply these codes and standards
27
73000
2000
Ako bismo primijenili ove norme i standarde
01:30
to the Pantheon in Rome,
28
75000
2000
na Pantheon u Rimu,
01:32
it would never have looked like this,
29
77000
2000
nikada ne bi izgledao ovako,
01:34
because this beautiful light feature
30
79000
2000
zato što se ova prelijepa značajka svjetla
01:36
that goes around there all by itself
31
81000
3000
koja se širi sama od sebe
01:39
can only appear
32
84000
2000
može pojaviti jedino
01:41
because there is also darkness in that same building.
33
86000
3000
zato što u toj istoj građevini postoji i tama.
01:45
And the same is more or less what Santiago Calatrava said
34
90000
3000
I više-manje to je isto ono što je rekao i Santiago Calatrava
01:48
when he said, "Light: I make it in my buildings
35
93000
3000
kad je rekao: "Svjetlost, stvorio sam ga u mojim građevinama
01:51
for comfort."
36
96000
2000
radi udobnosti."
01:53
And he didn't mean the comfort of a five-course dinner
37
98000
3000
A on nije mislio na udobnost bogate večere
01:56
as opposed to a one-course meal,
38
101000
2000
u odnosu na jedan običan obrok,
01:58
but he really meant the comfort
39
103000
2000
nego je mislio na stvarnu udobnost
02:00
of the quality of the building for the people.
40
105000
3000
kvalitete građevine za ljude.
02:03
He meant that you can see the sky
41
108000
2000
Mislio je na to da možete vidjeti nebo
02:05
and that you can experience the sun.
42
110000
3000
i da možete osjetiti sunce.
02:08
And he created these gorgeous buildings
43
113000
3000
Zato je izgradio te veličanstvene građevine
02:11
where you can see the sky,
44
116000
2000
u kojima možete vidjeti nebo
02:13
and where you can experience the sun,
45
118000
2000
i doživjeti sunce,
02:15
that give us a better life in the built environment,
46
120000
3000
što nam pruža bolji život u izgrađenom okruženju,
02:18
just because of the relevance of light
47
123000
3000
i to zbog značaja osvjetljenja
02:21
in its brightness and also in its shadows.
48
126000
4000
u svojem svjetlu i u svojim sjenama.
02:25
What it all boils down to is, of course, the sun.
49
130000
3000
Sve se svodi, naravno, na sunce.
02:28
And this image of the sun may suggest
50
133000
3000
Ova slika sunca može sugerirati
02:31
that the sun is something evil and aggressive,
51
136000
3000
da je sunce štogod loše i agresivno.
02:34
but we should not forget that all energy on this planet
52
139000
3000
Ali ne bismo trebali zaboraviti da sva energija na ovom planetu
02:37
actually comes from the sun,
53
142000
2000
zapravo potječe od sunca.
02:39
and light is only a manifestation
54
144000
3000
Svjetlo je samo manifestacija
02:42
of that energy.
55
147000
2000
te energije.
02:44
The sun is for dynamics, for color changes.
56
149000
3000
Sunce je za dinamiku, za promjene boja,
02:47
The sun is for beauty in our environment,
57
152000
3000
sunce je za ljepotu u našem okruženju,
02:50
like in this building --
58
155000
2000
kao u ovoj zgradi --
02:52
the High Museum in Atlanta,
59
157000
2000
Veliki muzej u Atlanti,
02:54
which has been created by Renzo Piano from Italy,
60
159000
2000
koji je projektirao Renzo Piano iz Italije
02:56
together with Arup Lighting,
61
161000
3000
zajedno s Arupom Lightingom,
02:59
a brilliant team of lighting designers,
62
164000
2000
fantastični tim dizajnera osvjetljenja
03:01
who created
63
166000
2000
koji su kreirali
03:03
a very subtle modulation of light
64
168000
3000
vrlo suptilnu modulaciju svjetla
03:06
across the space,
65
171000
2000
u prostoriji,
03:08
responding to what the sun does outside,
66
173000
2000
odgovarajući na ponašanje sunca izvana,
03:10
just because of all these beautiful openings in the roof.
67
175000
3000
zahvaljujući ovim predivnim otvorima na krovu.
03:13
So in an indirect way,
68
178000
2000
Zato, na indirektan način,
03:15
you can see the sun.
69
180000
2000
možete vidjeti sunce.
03:17
And what they did
70
182000
2000
A ono što su učinili
03:19
is they created an integral building element
71
184000
2000
je da su stvorili jedan sastavni dio zgrade
03:21
to improve the quality of the space
72
186000
3000
da poboljšaju kvalitetu prostora
03:24
that surrounds the visitors of the museum.
73
189000
2000
koja okružuje posjetitelje muzeja.
03:26
They created this shade
74
191000
2000
Stvorili su sjenu
03:28
that you can see here,
75
193000
2000
koju ovdje možete vidjeti,
03:30
which actually covers the sun,
76
195000
3000
koja zapravo prekriva sunce,
03:33
but opens up to the good light from the sky.
77
198000
3000
ali se otvara prema dobroj svjetlosti s neba.
03:36
And here you can see
78
201000
2000
A ovdje možete vidjeti
03:38
how they really crafted a beautiful design process
79
203000
2000
kako su prelijepo projektirali
03:40
with physical models,
80
205000
2000
s maketama
03:42
with quantitative, as well as qualitative, methods
81
207000
3000
s kvantitetnim kao i s kvalitetnim metodama
03:45
to come to a final solution
82
210000
3000
da bi došli do završnog rezultata
03:48
that is truly integrated and completely holistic
83
213000
2000
koji je uistinu integriran i potpuno cjelovit
03:50
with the architecture.
84
215000
2000
s arhitekturom.
03:52
They allowed themselves a few mistakes along the way.
85
217000
2000
Usput su sebi dozvolili nekoliko pogrešaka.
03:54
As you can see here, there's some direct light on the floor,
86
219000
2000
Kao što možete vidjeti ovdje, postoji direktna svjetlost na podu,
03:56
but they could easily figure out where that comes from.
87
221000
3000
pa su mogli lako zaključiti odakle potiče.
03:59
And they allow people in that building
88
224000
4000
I dozvoljavaju ljudima u toj zgradi
04:03
to really enjoy the sun,
89
228000
2000
da stvarno uživaju u suncu,
04:05
the good part of the sun.
90
230000
2000
u dobrom dijelu sunca.
04:07
And enjoying the sun
91
232000
2000
A uživanje u suncu
04:09
can be in many different ways, of course.
92
234000
3000
može naravno biti različito.
04:12
It can be just like this,
93
237000
2000
Može biti ovako,
04:14
or maybe like this, which is rather peculiar,
94
239000
3000
ili možda ovako, što je dosta čudno,
04:17
but this is in 1963 --
95
242000
2000
ali ovo je 1963. --
04:19
the viewing of a sun eclipse
96
244000
2000
promatranje pomrčine sunca
04:21
in the United States.
97
246000
2000
u SAD-u.
04:23
And it's just a bit bright up there,
98
248000
3000
A samo je mala količina svjetla gore,
04:26
so these people have found a very intriguing solution.
99
251000
3000
tako da su oni našli jedno intrigantno rješenje.
04:30
This is, I think, a very illustrative image of what I try to say --
100
255000
2000
Ovo je, mislim, vrlo ilustrativni prikaz onoga što pokušavam reći --
04:32
that the beautiful dynamics of sun,
101
257000
3000
da prelijepa dinamičnost sunca,
04:35
bringing these into the building,
102
260000
2000
donoseći ove nijanse u građevine,
04:37
creates a quality of our built environment
103
262000
3000
stvara kvalitetu našeg izgrađenog okruženja
04:40
that truly enhances our lives.
104
265000
2000
koje zaista poboljšava naše živote.
04:42
And this is all about darkness
105
267000
2000
A ovo je sve o tami
04:44
as much as it is about lightness, of course,
106
269000
2000
koliko i o svjetlu, naravno,
04:46
because otherwise you don't see these dynamics.
107
271000
3000
jer u suprotnom se ova dinamika ne može vidjeti.
04:49
As opposed to the first office that I showed you
108
274000
3000
Suprotno od prvog ureda koji sam vam pokazao
04:52
in the beginning of the talk,
109
277000
2000
ne početku govora,
04:54
this is a well-known office, which is the White Group.
110
279000
3000
ovo je poznata kancelarija koja se zove White Group.
04:57
They are in green energy consulting, or something like that.
111
282000
3000
Oni su konzultanti za "zelenu" energiju ili nešto slično tome.
05:00
And they really practice what they preach
112
285000
2000
Oni stvarno rade ono što govore,
05:02
because this office doesn't have any electric lighting at all.
113
287000
3000
zato ova kancelarija nema nikakvo električno osvjetljenje.
05:05
It has only on one side
114
290000
2000
Samo na jednoj strani ima
05:07
this big, big glass window
115
292000
2000
ovaj veliki, veliki prozor
05:09
that helps to let the sunlight enter
116
294000
2000
koji dozvoljava ulazak sunčeve svjetlosti
05:11
deep into the space
117
296000
2000
duboko u prostor
05:13
and create a beautiful quality there and a great dynamic range.
118
298000
3000
i stvara prelijepu kvalitetu i veliki raspon intenziteta svjetlosti.
05:16
So it can be very dim over there, and you do your work,
119
301000
3000
Dakle može biti vrlo slabo osvjetljenje a vi radite svoj posao,
05:19
and it can be very bright over there, and you do your work.
120
304000
3000
a može biti i vrlo svijetlo a vi radite svoj posao.
05:22
But actually the human eye
121
307000
2000
Ali u stvari ljudsko oko
05:24
turns out to be remarkably adaptable
122
309000
2000
može biti izuzetno prilagodljivo
05:26
to all these different light conditions
123
311000
2000
na različite svjetlosne uvjete
05:28
that together create an environment
124
313000
2000
koji zajedno stvaraju okruženje
05:30
that is never boring and that is never dull,
125
315000
2000
koje nikad nije dosadno ni tmurno,
05:32
and therefore helps us to enhance our lives.
126
317000
3000
i zato nam pomaže da poboljšamo naše živote.
05:36
I really owe a short introduction of this man to you.
127
321000
3000
Dugujem vam kratak uvod o ovom čovjeku.
05:39
This is Richard Kelly
128
324000
2000
Ovo je Richard Kelly
05:41
who was born 100 years ago,
129
326000
2000
koji je rođen prije 100 godina,
05:43
which is the reason I bring him up now,
130
328000
2000
što je razlog zbog čega ga sada spominjem,
05:45
because it's kind of an anniversary year.
131
330000
2000
zato što je neka vrsta godišnjice.
05:47
In the 1930s, Richard Kelly was the first person
132
332000
3000
Godine 1930. Richard Kelly bio je prva osoba
05:50
to really describe
133
335000
2000
koja je stvarno opisala
05:52
a methodology of modern lighting design.
134
337000
2000
metodologiju modernog dizajna osvjetljenja.
05:54
And he coined three terms,
135
339000
2000
On je uzeo tri termina,
05:56
which are "focal glow,"
136
341000
2000
koji su " fokusni sjaj",
05:58
"ambient luminescence"
137
343000
2000
"ambijentalna luminescencija"
06:00
and "play of the brilliants" --
138
345000
2000
i " igra briljanata"
06:02
three very distinctly different
139
347000
2000
kroz vrlo različite
06:04
ideas about light in architecture
140
349000
2000
ideje o svjetlosti u arhitekturi
06:06
that all together
141
351000
2000
koje u cjelini
06:08
make up this beautiful experience.
142
353000
2000
stvaraju ovo prelijepo iskustvo.
06:10
So you begin with focal glow.
143
355000
2000
Znači počinjete s fokusnim sjajem.
06:12
He meant something like this --
144
357000
2000
Mislio je na nešto kao ovo --
06:14
where the light gives direction to the space
145
359000
2000
gdje svjetlost daje pravac prostoru
06:16
and helps you to get around.
146
361000
2000
i pomaže vam da kružite.
06:18
Or something like this, which is the lighting design he did
147
363000
2000
Ili nešto ovako, što je njegov dizajn osvjetljenja
06:20
for General Motors, for the car showroom.
148
365000
2000
za General Motors, za salon automobila.
06:22
And you enter that space,
149
367000
2000
Kada uđete u taj prostor,
06:24
and you feel like, "Wow! This is so impressive,"
150
369000
3000
osjećate se kao: "Vau! Ovo je tako impresivno!",
06:27
just because of this focal point,
151
372000
2000
baš zbog ove središnje točke,
06:29
this huge light source in the middle.
152
374000
2000
zbog velikog izvora svjetlosti u sredini.
06:31
To me it is something from theatre,
153
376000
2000
Za mene to je nešto iz kazališta,
06:33
and I will get back to that a little bit later.
154
378000
2000
i na to ću se vratiti malo poslije.
06:35
It's the spotlight on the artist
155
380000
2000
Stavljanje akcenta na umjetnika
06:37
that helps you to focus.
156
382000
2000
pomaže nam u fokusiranju.
06:39
It could also be the sunlight that breaks through the clouds
157
384000
3000
To također može biti sunčeva svjetlost koja se probija kroz oblake
06:42
and lights up a patch of the land,
158
387000
3000
i osvjetljava dio zemlje,
06:45
highlighting it
159
390000
2000
naglašavajući je
06:47
compared to the dim environment.
160
392000
3000
u usporedbi s prigušenim okruženjem.
06:50
Or it can be in today's retail, in the shopping environment --
161
395000
3000
Ili to može biti u današnjim dućanima, u okruženju za kupovinu --
06:53
lighting the merchandise
162
398000
2000
osvjetljavajući proizvode
06:55
and creating accents that help you to get around.
163
400000
3000
i stavljajući naglaske koji vam pomažu u snalaženju.
06:58
Ambient luminescence is something very different.
164
403000
3000
Ambijentalna luminescencija je nešto sasvim drugo.
07:01
Richard Kelly saw it as something infinite,
165
406000
3000
Richard Kelly ju je vidio kao štogod beskonačno,
07:04
something without any focus,
166
409000
2000
štogod bez fokusa,
07:06
something where all details
167
411000
2000
štogod gdje se svi detalji
07:08
actually dissolve in infinity.
168
413000
3000
ustvari rastvaraju u beskonačnost.
07:11
And I see it as a very comfortable kind of light
169
416000
3000
I ja to vidim kao jednu vrlo udobnu vrstu svjetlosti
07:14
that really helps us to relax
170
419000
2000
koja nam pomaže da se opustimo
07:16
and to contemplate.
171
421000
2000
i meditiramo.
07:18
It could also be something like this:
172
423000
2000
Može također biti i štogod ovakvog:
07:20
the National Museum of Science in London,
173
425000
3000
Nacionalni muzej znanosti u Londonu,
07:23
where this blue
174
428000
2000
gdje ova plava
07:25
is embracing all the exhibitions and galleries
175
430000
2000
grli sve izložbe i galerije
07:27
in one large gesture.
176
432000
3000
u jednoj velikoj gesti.
07:30
And then finally, Kelly's play of brilliants attitude,
177
435000
3000
I konačno, Kellyjev stav o igri brilijanata.
07:33
that really some play of the skyline of Hong Kong,
178
438000
4000
Kao stvarna igra linije horizonta Hong Konga,
07:37
or perhaps the chandelier in the opera house,
179
442000
2000
ili možda lustera u operi,
07:39
or in the theater here,
180
444000
2000
ili ovdje u kazalištu,
07:41
which is a decoration,
181
446000
2000
gdje je dekoracija,
07:43
the icing on the cake, something playful,
182
448000
2000
šlag na torti, nešto razigrano,
07:45
something that is just an addition
183
450000
2000
nešto što je samo dodatak
07:47
to the architectural environment, I would say.
184
452000
3000
arhitektonskom okruženju, rekao bih.
07:50
These three distinct elements,
185
455000
2000
Ova tri različita elementa,
07:52
together, make a lighting environment
186
457000
2000
zajedno stvaraju svjetlosno okruženje
07:54
that helps us to feel better.
187
459000
2000
koje nam pomaže da se osjećamo bolje.
07:56
And we can only create these out of darkness.
188
461000
2000
A njih možemo stvoriti samo iz tame.
07:58
And I will explain that further.
189
463000
2000
I to ću dalje obrazložiti.
08:00
And I guess that is something that Richard Kelly, here on the left,
190
465000
3000
I pretpostavljam da je to ono što je Richard Kelly, ovdje slijeva,
08:03
was explaining to Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe.
191
468000
3000
objašnjavao Ludwigu Miesu Van der Roheu.
08:06
And behind them, you see that Seagram Building
192
471000
2000
A iza njih vidite zgradu Seagram
08:08
that later turned into
193
473000
2000
koja se poslije pretvorila u
08:10
an icon of modern lighting design.
194
475000
3000
ikonu modernog dizajna osvjetljenja.
08:14
Those times, there were some early attempts
195
479000
2000
U to vrijeme bilo je i ranih pokušaja
08:16
also for light therapy already.
196
481000
2000
svjetlosne terapije.
08:18
You can see here a photo from the United States Library of Medicine,
197
483000
3000
Ovdje možete vidjeti fotografiju iz Medicinske biblioteke Sjedinjenih Država,
08:21
where people are put in the sun to get better.
198
486000
3000
gdje su ljudi izloženi suncu radi oporavka.
08:24
It's a little bit of a different story,
199
489000
2000
Malo je drugačija priča
08:26
this health aspect of light,
200
491000
2000
ova zdravstvena strana svjetlosti
08:28
than what I'm telling you today.
201
493000
2000
o kojoj vam danas govorim.
08:30
In today's modern medicine,
202
495000
2000
U suvremenoj medicini
08:32
there is a real understanding of light
203
497000
3000
postoji stvarno razumijevanje svjetlosti
08:35
in an almost biochemical way.
204
500000
3000
na skoro biokemijski način.
08:38
And there is the idea
205
503000
2000
I postoji ideja
08:40
that, when we look at things,
206
505000
2000
da kada promatramo stvari
08:42
it is the yellow light that helps us the most,
207
507000
3000
žuta svjetlost nam najviše pomaže
08:45
that we are the most sensitive for.
208
510000
2000
i na nju smo najosjetljiviji.
08:47
But our circadian rhythms,
209
512000
2000
Ali nam biološki ritam,
08:49
which are the rhythms that help us to wake and sleep
210
514000
2000
ritam koji nam pomaže da se probudimo i da spavamo,
08:51
and be alert and relaxed and so forth and so on,
211
516000
3000
da smo oprezni, i opušteni, i tako dalje,
08:54
they are much more triggered by blue light.
212
519000
3000
više pokreće plava svjetlost.
08:57
And by modulating the amount of blue
213
522000
2000
I modificirajući količinu plave
08:59
in our environment,
214
524000
2000
u našem okruženju,
09:01
we can help people to relax, or to be alert,
215
526000
3000
možemo pomoći ljudima da se opuste ili da budu oprezni,
09:04
to fall asleep, or to stay awake.
216
529000
3000
da usnu ili da ostanu budni.
09:07
And that is how,
217
532000
2000
I na ovaj način,
09:09
maybe in the near future,
218
534000
2000
možda u skoroj budućnosti,
09:11
light can help hospitals
219
536000
2000
svjetlost može pomoći bolnicama
09:13
to make people better sooner,
220
538000
3000
da ljudi brže ozdrave,
09:16
recover them quicker.
221
541000
2000
i da se brže oporave.
09:18
Maybe in the airplane,
222
543000
2000
Možda u avionu
09:20
we can overcome jet lag like that.
223
545000
2000
možemo na taj način pobijediti jet leg.
09:22
Perhaps in school, we can help children to learn better
224
547000
3000
Možda bismo u školi mogli pomoći djeci da bolje uče
09:25
because they concentrate more on their work.
225
550000
3000
zato što bi se bolje koncentrirala na rad.
09:28
And you can imagine a lot more applications.
226
553000
2000
Mogli biste zamisliti još brojne druge mogućnosti primjene.
09:30
But I would like to talk further
227
555000
2000
Ali nadalje bih htio govoriti
09:32
about the combination
228
557000
2000
o kombinaciji
09:34
of light and darkness
229
559000
3000
svjetla i tame
09:37
as a quality in our life.
230
562000
3000
kao kvalitete u našem životu.
09:41
So light is, of course, for social interaction also --
231
566000
3000
Svjetlost je, naravno, za društvenu interakciju također --
09:44
to create relationships
232
569000
2000
za ostvarivanje odnosa
09:46
with all the features around us.
233
571000
2000
sa svim karakteristikama oko nas.
09:48
It is the place where we gather around
234
573000
3000
To je mjesto oko kojeg se okupljamo
09:51
when we have to say something to each other.
235
576000
2000
kada jedan drugom imamo štogod za reći.
09:53
And it is all about this planet.
236
578000
2000
I sve je ovo o ovom planetu.
09:55
But when you look at this planet at night, it looks like this.
237
580000
3000
Ali kada ovaj planet pogledate noću, on izgleda ovako.
09:58
And I think this is the most shocking image
238
583000
2000
I držim da je ovo najšokantnija slika
10:00
in my talk today.
239
585000
2000
u mom današnjem izlaganju.
10:02
Because all this light here
240
587000
2000
Zato što sva ova svjetlost ovdje
10:04
goes up to the sky.
241
589000
2000
odlazi u nebo.
10:06
It never reaches the ground
242
591000
2000
Nikad ne doseže tla
10:08
where it was meant for.
243
593000
2000
gdje je namijenjena.
10:10
It never is to the benefit of people.
244
595000
2000
Nikad nije u korist ljudi.
10:12
It only spoils the darkness.
245
597000
2000
Samo kvari tamu.
10:14
So at a global scale, it looks like this.
246
599000
3000
Tako da na globalnoj skali izgleda ovako.
10:17
And, I mean, that is quite amazing, what you see here --
247
602000
3000
I smatram da je zaista fascinantno ovo što možete vidjeti ovdje --
10:20
how much light goes up into the sky
248
605000
3000
kolika količina svjetlosti odlazi u nebo
10:23
and never reaches the ground.
249
608000
2000
i nikad ne doseže zemlju.
10:25
Because if we look at the Earth the way it should be,
250
610000
3000
Zato što ako gledamo Zemlju kakva bi trebala biti,
10:28
it would be something like this very inspiring image
251
613000
3000
bila bi to ovakva inspirativna slika
10:31
where darkness is for our imagination
252
616000
2000
gdje je tama za našu maštu,
10:33
and for contemplation
253
618000
2000
i za razmišljanje,
10:35
and to help us to relate to everything.
254
620000
3000
i pomaže nam da se povežemo sa svim.
10:38
The world is changing though,
255
623000
2000
Ipak svijet se mijenja
10:40
and urbanization is a big driver of everything.
256
625000
2000
i urbanizacija je veliki pokretač svega.
10:42
I took this photo two weeks ago in Guangzhou,
257
627000
3000
Ovo sam fotografirao prije dvije nedjelje u Guangzhou,
10:45
and I realized that 10 years ago,
258
630000
2000
i shvatio sam da prije 10 godina,
10:47
there was nothing like this, of these buildings.
259
632000
4000
nije bilo ničeg sličnog ovim zgradama.
10:51
It was just a much smaller city,
260
636000
2000
To je bio mnogo manji grad
10:53
and the pace of urbanization
261
638000
2000
i da je tempo urbanizacije
10:55
is incredible and enormous.
262
640000
2000
nevjerojatan i enorman.
10:57
And we have to understand these main questions:
263
642000
3000
I moramo shvatiti ova glavna pitanja:
11:00
How do people move through these new urban spaces?
264
645000
3000
Kako se ljudi kreću kroz te nove urbane prostore?
11:03
How do they share their culture?
265
648000
2000
Kako dijele svoju kulturu?
11:05
How do we tackle things like mobility?
266
650000
2000
Kako se hvatamo u koštac sa stvarima poput mobilnosti?
11:07
And how can light help there?
267
652000
2000
I kako nam svjetlo tu može pomoći?
11:09
Because the new technologies,
268
654000
2000
Zato što nove tehnologije,
11:11
they seem to be in a really interesting position
269
656000
3000
čini se da su u vrlo interesantnoj poziciji
11:14
to contribute to the solutions of urbanization
270
659000
3000
da doprinesu rješenjima urbanizacije
11:17
and to provide us with better environments.
271
662000
3000
i da nam pruže bolje uvjete.
11:20
It's not that long ago
272
665000
2000
Ne tako davno
11:22
that our lighting was just done
273
667000
2000
naše je osvjetljenje bilo postavljeno
11:24
with these kinds of lamps.
274
669000
2000
s ovim vrstama lampi.
11:26
And of course, we had the metal halide lamps and fluorescent lamps
275
671000
2000
I naravno, imali smo halogene lampe i fluorescentne lampe
11:28
and things like that.
276
673000
2000
i slično.
11:30
Now we have LED,
277
675000
2000
Sada imamo LED,
11:32
but here you see the latest one,
278
677000
2000
ali ovdje vidite najnoviju,
11:34
and you see how incredibly small it is.
279
679000
2000
i vidite kako je nevjerojatno mala.
11:36
And this is exactly what offers us a unique opportunity
280
681000
3000
I ovo nam zaista pruža jedinstvenu priliku,
11:39
because this tiny, tiny size
281
684000
3000
zato što nam ove vrlo, vrlo male lampe
11:42
allows us to put the light wherever we really need it.
282
687000
3000
dozvoljavaju da postavimo svjetlo tamo gdje nam je zaista potrebno.
11:45
And we can actually leave it out where it's not needed at all
283
690000
2000
A tamo gdje ga ne trebamo, gdje treba ostati tama,
11:47
and where we can preserve darkness.
284
692000
2000
možemo ga izbjeći.
11:49
So that is a really interesting proposition, I think,
285
694000
3000
Dakle, smatram da je ovo jako interesantan prijedlog,
11:52
and a new way of lighting the architectural environment
286
697000
3000
i nov način osvjetljenja arhitektonskog prostora
11:55
with our well-being in mind.
287
700000
3000
imajući na umu naše zdravlje.
11:58
The problem is though that I wanted to explain to you how this really works --
288
703000
3000
Problem je u tome što vam želim objasniti kako ovo stvarno funkcionira --
12:01
but I can have four of these on my finger,
289
706000
3000
ali mogu imati četiri ovakve na mom prstu,
12:04
so you would not to be able to really see them.
290
709000
3000
pa ih vi ne biste mogli vidjeti.
12:07
So I asked our laboratory to do something about it,
291
712000
2000
Tražio sam od našeg laboratorija da učine nešto po tom pitanju
12:09
and they said, "Well, we can do something."
292
714000
2000
i oni su rekli: "Dobro, učinit ćemo nešto."
12:11
They created for me the biggest LED in the world
293
716000
3000
Napravili su za mene najveću LED na svijetu
12:14
especially for TEDx in Amsterdam.
294
719000
2000
specijalno za TEDx u Amsterdamu.
12:16
So here it is.
295
721000
2000
Dakle evo je.
12:18
It's the same thing as you can see over there -- just 200 times bigger.
296
723000
3000
To je ista stvar koju možete vidjeti tamo -- samo 200 puta veća.
12:21
And I will very quickly show you how it works.
297
726000
3000
Brzo ću vam pokazati kako radi.
12:24
So just to explain.
298
729000
3000
Dakle samo da objasnim.
12:28
Now, every LED that is made these days
299
733000
4000
Svaka LED koji se danas proizvodi
12:32
gives blue light.
300
737000
2000
daje plavo svjetlo.
12:34
Now this is not very pleasant and comfortable.
301
739000
3000
To nije baš ugodno.
12:37
And for that reason,
302
742000
2000
I iz tog razloga,
12:39
we cover the LED
303
744000
3000
prekrivamo LED
12:42
with a phosphor cap.
304
747000
2000
fosfornim poklopcem.
12:44
And the phosphor is excited by the blue
305
749000
3000
Fosfor je stimuliran plavom svjetlošću
12:47
and makes the light white and warm and pleasant.
306
752000
3000
i proizvodi svjetlost koja je bijela, topla i ugodna.
12:50
And then when you add the lens to that,
307
755000
3000
I kad tome dodate leću,
12:53
you can bundle the light and send it to wherever you need it
308
758000
3000
svjetlost možete poslati gdje god poželite
12:56
without any need to spill any light
309
761000
2000
bez ikakve potrebe da prosipate svjetlost
12:58
to the sky or anywhere else.
310
763000
2000
prema nebu ili bilo gdje drugdje.
13:00
So you can preserve the darkness and make the light.
311
765000
3000
Tako da možete sačuvati tamu i stvoriti svjetlost.
13:03
I just wanted to show that to you
312
768000
2000
To sam vam samo želio pokazati
13:05
so you understand how this works.
313
770000
3000
da biste shvatili kako funkcionira.
13:09
Thank you.
314
774000
2000
Hvala.
13:11
We can go further.
315
776000
2000
Možemo nastaviti.
13:13
So we have to rethink the way we light our cities.
316
778000
3000
Možemo preispitati način na koji osvjetljavamo gradove.
13:16
We have to think again
317
781000
2000
Moramo još jednom razmisliti
13:18
about light as a default solution.
318
783000
2000
o svjetlu kao rješenju koje se podrazumijeva.
13:20
Why are all these motorways permanently lit?
319
785000
2000
Zašto su autoceste trajno osvijetljene?
13:22
Is it really needed?
320
787000
2000
Je li to zaista potrebno?
13:24
Can we maybe be much more selective
321
789000
2000
Možemo li biti selektivniji
13:26
and create better environments that also benefit from darkness?
322
791000
3000
i stvarati bolja okruženja koja će imati korist i od tame?
13:29
Can we be more gentle with light?
323
794000
2000
Možemo li biti pažljiviji prema svjetlu?
13:31
Like here -- this is a very low light level actually.
324
796000
3000
Kao ovdje -- ovo je zapravo vrlo mali svjetlosni nivo.
13:34
Can we engage people more
325
799000
2000
Možemo li ljude više angažirati
13:36
in the lighting projects that we create,
326
801000
2000
u projektima osvjetljenja koje stvaramo,
13:38
so they really want to connect with it, like here?
327
803000
3000
da se požele zaista povezati s tim, kao ovdje?
13:41
Or can we create simply sculptures
328
806000
2000
Ili možemo izrađivati skulpture
13:43
that are very inspiring to be in and to be around?
329
808000
2000
u kojima i oko kojih je biti vrlo inspirativno?
13:45
And can we preserve the darkness?
330
810000
2000
Možemo li sačuvati tamu?
13:47
Because to find a place like this today on Earth
331
812000
3000
Zato što je naći neko ovakvo mjesto na Zemlji danas
13:50
is really very, very challenging.
332
815000
3000
stvarno vrlo, vrlo izazovno.
13:53
And to find a starry sky like this is even more difficult.
333
818000
3000
I naći ovakvo zvjezdano nebo je još teže.
13:56
Even in the oceans, we are creating a lot of light
334
821000
3000
Čak i u oceanima stvaramo dosta svjetla
13:59
that we could actually ban also for animal life
335
824000
3000
koje bismo također mogli smanjiti za zaštitu zdravlja
14:02
to have a much greater well-being.
336
827000
2000
životinjskog svijeta.
14:04
And it's known that migrating birds, for example,
337
829000
2000
Poznato je da ptice selice, na primjer,
14:06
get very disoriented
338
831000
2000
postaju vrlo dezorijentirane
14:08
because of these offshore platforms.
339
833000
2000
zbog ovih naftnih platformi.
14:10
And we discovered that, when we make those lights green,
340
835000
2000
I otkrili smo da kada ta svjetla osvijetlimo u zeleno,
14:12
the birds, they actually go the right way.
341
837000
2000
ptice, zaista mogu letjeti pravim putem.
14:14
They are not disturbed anymore.
342
839000
3000
Više nisu uznemirene.
14:17
And it turns out once again
343
842000
2000
I ponovno ispada
14:19
that spectral sensitivity
344
844000
2000
da je spektralna osjetljivost
14:21
is very important here.
345
846000
2000
ovdje jako bitna.
14:23
In all of these examples, I think,
346
848000
3000
I u svim ovim primjerima smatram
14:26
we should start making the light out of darkness,
347
851000
3000
da bismo trebali početi stvarati svjetlost iz tame,
14:29
and use the darkness as a canvas --
348
854000
2000
i koristiti tamu kao platno --
14:31
like the visual artists do,
349
856000
2000
kao što je to slučaj kod vizualnih umjetnika,
14:33
like Edward Hopper in this painting.
350
858000
2000
kao Edward Hopper na ovoj slici.
14:35
I think that there is a lot of suspense in this painting.
351
860000
3000
Mislim da postoji mnogo neizvjesnosti na ovoj slici.
14:38
I think, when I see it,
352
863000
2000
Mislim, kada je vidim,
14:40
I start to think, who are those people?
353
865000
2000
počinjem misliti, tko su ovi ljudi?
14:42
Where have they come from? Where are they going?
354
867000
2000
Odakle su došli? Kamo idu?
14:44
What just happened? What will be happening in the next five minutes?
355
869000
3000
Što se upravo dogodilo? Što će se događati u narednih pet minuta?
14:47
And it only embodies all these stories and all this suspense
356
872000
3000
I sve te priče i neizvjesnost dolaze do izražaja samo
14:50
because of the darkness and the light.
357
875000
2000
zbog svjetla i tame.
14:52
Edward Hopper was a real master
358
877000
2000
Edward Hopper bio je veliki majstor
14:54
in creating the narration
359
879000
2000
u stvaranju naracije
14:56
by working with light and dark.
360
881000
2000
radeći sa svjetlom i tamom.
14:58
And we can learn from that
361
883000
2000
I mi možemo učiti na tome
15:00
and create more interesting and inspiring architectural environments.
362
885000
3000
i stvarati interesantnije i inspirativnije arhitektonske sredine.
15:03
We can do that in commercial spaces like this.
363
888000
3000
Možemo to raditi u komercijalnim prostorima ovako.
15:06
And you can still also go outside
364
891000
2000
I dalje možete izaći
15:08
and enjoy the greatest show in the universe,
365
893000
5000
i uživati u najvećoj predstavi u univerzumu,
15:13
which is, of course, the universe itself.
366
898000
3000
a ti je, naravno, sam univerzum.
15:17
So I give you this wonderful, informative
367
902000
3000
Dakle, predstavljam vam ovu fantastičnu, informativnu
15:20
image of the sky,
368
905000
3000
sliku neba
15:23
ranging from the inner city,
369
908000
2000
počevši od centra grada
15:25
where you may see one or two stars and nothing else,
370
910000
3000
gdje možete vidjeti jednu ili dvije zvijezde i ništa više
15:28
all the way to the rural environments,
371
913000
2000
sve do ruralnih sredina
15:30
where you can enjoy
372
915000
2000
gdje možete uživati
15:32
this great and gorgeous and beautiful performance
373
917000
3000
u ovom fantastičnom i prelijepom performansu
15:35
of the constellations and the stars.
374
920000
2000
sazviježđa i zvijezda.
15:37
In architecture, it works just the same.
375
922000
3000
U arhitekturi to jednako funkcionira.
15:40
By appreciating the darkness when you design the light,
376
925000
3000
Cijeneći tamu kada dizajnirate osvjetljenje,
15:43
you create much more interesting environments
377
928000
3000
stvarate interesantnija okruženja
15:46
that truly enhance our lives.
378
931000
3000
koja zaista poboljšavaju naše živote.
15:49
This is the most well-known example,
379
934000
2000
Ovo je najpoznatiji primjer
15:51
Tadao Ando's Church of Light.
380
936000
2000
Tadao Andova Crkva svjetlosti.
15:53
But I also think
381
938000
2000
Ali također mislim i na
15:55
of Peter Zumthor's spa in Vals,
382
940000
4000
liječilište Petera Zumthora u Valsu,
15:59
where light and dark, in very gentle combinations,
383
944000
3000
gdje svjetlost i tama, u jako nježnim kombinacijama
16:02
alter each other to define the space.
384
947000
2000
mijenjaju jedan drugog da bi definirali prostor.
16:04
Or Richard McCormack's Southern tube station in London,
385
949000
3000
Ili Južna postaja podzemne željeznice u Londonu od Richarda McCormacka,
16:07
where you can really see the sky,
386
952000
2000
gdje zaista možete vidjeti nebo,
16:09
even though you are under the ground.
387
954000
3000
iako ste ispod zemlje.
16:12
And finally I want to point out
388
957000
2000
I konačno želim naznačiti
16:14
that a lot of this inspiration comes from theater.
389
959000
2000
da dosta inspiracije potiče iz kazališta.
16:16
And I think it's fantastic that we are today experiencing TEDx
390
961000
4000
I smatram da je fantastično da se danas po prvi put
16:20
in a theater for the first time
391
965000
3000
TEDx održava u kazalištu,
16:23
because I think we really owe to the theater a big thanks.
392
968000
4000
zato što mislim da kazalištu zaista mnogo dugujemo.
16:27
It wouldn't be such an inspiring scenography
393
972000
2000
Scenografija ne bi bila toliko inspirativna
16:29
without this theater.
394
974000
2000
bez kazališta.
16:31
And I think the theater is a place
395
976000
3000
I smatram da je kazalište mjesto
16:34
where we truly enhance life with light.
396
979000
3000
na kojem pomoću svjetlosti zaista poboljšavamo život.
16:37
Thank you very much.
397
982000
2000
Mnogo vam hvala.
16:39
(Applause)
398
984000
6000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rogier van der Heide - Lighting designerRogier van der Heide creates architectural spaces with light.
Why you should listen
Lighting designer Rogier van der Heide creates (and oversees) engaging, inspiring, three-dimensional design that fuses light, image projection, architecture and product design to create a memorable, authentic experience. He's been internationally recognized as one of the leading architectural lighting design specialists. He's the Chief Design Officer for Philips Lighting; before that, he was Director at Arup and Global Business Leader Lighting Design of Arup Lighting.
Van der Heide is one of five international designers commissioned by Swarovski Crystal Palace to create an installation to be launched during the Milan Furniture Fair this year.
Rogier van der Heide | Speaker | TED.com