TEDxSussexUniversity
David Birch: A new way to stop identity theft
戴維•波奇: 阻止身份窃取的新招
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调酒师需要你的年龄，商家需要你的密码，但几乎没有谁会在乎你的姓名——除了那些身份窃贼。身份专家戴維•波奇提出一个更为安全的个人身份鉴别方案——一种“碎片式”方案——无需再要求你使用真名。
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So I thought I'd talk about identity.
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我要讲的和身份有关。
对我来说，这是一个相当有趣的话题。
00:15
That's sort of an interesting
enough topic to me.
enough topic to me.
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00:18
And the reason was,
because when I was asked to do this,
because when I was asked to do this,
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因为当我受邀来做这次演讲时，
00:21
I'd just read, in one of the papers,
I can't remember,
I can't remember,
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我正好读到一篇文章， 我不大记得具体是哪篇了，
00:24
something from someone at Facebook
saying, well,
saying, well,
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是脸书上某个人分享，文章说：
00:28
"we need to make everybody
use their real names."
use their real names."
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“我们需要使每个人都使用真名。”
这样一来，所有问题 基本上都会迎刃而解。
00:29
and then that's basically
all the problems solved.
all the problems solved.
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真是大错而特错。
00:32
And that's so wrong,
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00:34
that's such a fundamentally,
reactionary view of identity,
reactionary view of identity,
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这根本就是一种关于身份的谬论，
00:38
and it's going to get us
into all sorts of trouble.
into all sorts of trouble.
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这会使得我们陷入各种麻烦。
所以我想，
00:40
And so what I thought I'd do
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首先解释关于身份的四个问题，
00:41
is I'll explain four
sort of problems about it,
sort of problems about it,
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然后提出我的解决方案，
00:45
and then I'll suggest a solution,
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00:47
which hopefully you
might find interesting.
might find interesting.
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希望各位也会感兴趣。
我们先设定这样一个问题，
00:49
So just to frame the problem,
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00:51
what does authenticity mean?
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何为真实性？
00:53
That's me, that's
a camera phone picture of me
a camera phone picture of me
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这个是我用手机拍摄的照片，
00:58
looking at a painting.
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那时我正在看一幅油画。
00:59
[What's the Problem?]
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”问题出在哪里？“
01:00
That's a painting that was painted
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这是由一位知名的伪造者
01:01
by a very famous forger,
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完成的油画，
01:03
and because I'm not very good
at presentations,
at presentations,
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因为我不是很擅长演讲，
我这会已想不起来我记在 卡片上的那个伪造者的名字了。
01:05
I already can't remember the name
that I wrote on my card.
that I wrote on my card.
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他被监禁在韦克菲尔德监狱，
01:08
And he was incarcerated
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
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01:12
for forging masterpieces by,
I think, French Impressionists.
I think, French Impressionists.
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罪名是伪造法国印象派 画家的杰出作品。
01:15
And he's so good at it,
that when he was in prison,
that when he was in prison,
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他对此相当擅长， 以至于在他服刑期间
01:19
everybody in prison,
the governor and whatever,
the governor and whatever,
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监狱里的每一个人， 包括监狱长之类的，
01:20
wanted him to paint masterpieces
to put on the walls,
to put on the walls,
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都希望请他画一些 这样的杰作，挂在自家墙头。
01:23
because they were so good.
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因为他实在是画得很棒，
01:24
And so that's a masterpiece,
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这就是其中一副杰作，
01:26
which is a fake of a masterpiece,
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一副伪造的赝品，
01:28
and bonded into the canvas is a chip
which identifies that as a real fake,
which identifies that as a real fake,
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画框上有一个小芯片， 用于标示它是一副“真正的赝品”，
01:34
if you see what I mean.
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如果你们理解我的意思的话。
01:36
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:37
So when we're talking about authenticity,
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因此当我们谈论真实性的时候，
01:39
it's a little more fractal than it appears
and that's a good example to show it.
and that's a good example to show it.
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总是比看起来要更复杂， 而那就是一个很好的例子。
01:45
I tried to pick four problems
that will frame the issue properly.
that will frame the issue properly.
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我尝试选择四个问题， 来合理的组织这个话题。
01:49
So the first problem, I thought,
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我想，第一个问题应该是
芯片和密码， 是吧？
01:50
Chip and PIN, right?
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01:52
[Banks and legacies
bringing down the system from within]
bringing down the system from within]
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“银行遗产使得系统从内部崩溃”
01:53
[Offline solutions do not work online]
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”离线方案无法在线运行“
01:54
I'm guessing everyone's got
a chip and PIN card, right?
a chip and PIN card, right?
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我想每个人都应该有 一张芯片卡，对吧？
01:57
So why is that a good example?
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为什么说它是一个好例证呢？
01:59
That's the example of how
legacy thinking about identity
legacy thinking about identity
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因为它从遗产的角度展现了，
02:02
subverts the security
of a well-constructed system.
of a well-constructed system.
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身份如何摧毁一个健壮的系统。
02:05
That chip and PIN card
that's in your pocket
that's in your pocket
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你口袋里的芯片卡
02:08
has a little chip on it
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
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上面有一块小芯片， 那是耗资数百万英镑开发出来的，
02:11
is extremely secure,
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它非常安全，
02:13
you can put scanning
electron microscopes on it,
electron microscopes on it,
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你可以放一个扫描电子显微镜在上面，
或者试试磨损它之类的。
02:15
you can try and grind it down,
blah blah blah.
blah blah blah.
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这些芯片其实从没被毁坏过， 无论报纸上怎么说。
02:17
Those chips have never been broken,
whatever you read in the paper.
whatever you read in the paper.
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02:20
And for a joke,
we take that super-secure chip
we take that super-secure chip
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说个笑话吧， 我们持有超级安全的芯片卡，
02:24
and we bond it to a trivially
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
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把它们绑在一个稍许伪造的磁条上，
02:27
and for very lazy criminals,
we still emboss the card.
we still emboss the card.
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针对那些很懒的罪犯， 我们在磁条上做了浮雕图案。
02:31
So if you're a criminal in a hurry
and you need to copy someone's card,
and you need to copy someone's card,
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如果你是一个心急的犯案分子， 你想要复制某人的卡片，
02:34
you can just stick a piece of paper on it
and rub a pencil over it
and rub a pencil over it
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你只需要贴一张纸在上面， 用铅笔涂就可以了，
02:37
just to sort of speed things up.
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这样就可以加快速度。
02:38
And even more amusingly,
and on my debit card too,
and on my debit card too,
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更有趣的是，我们的借记卡也这样。
02:41
we print the name and the SALT code
and everything else on the front too.
and everything else on the front too.
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我们在正面印上姓名， SALT码和其他信息。
02:44
Why?
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为什么呢？
02:47
There is no earthly reason why your name
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
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似乎没什么站得住脚理由， 把我们的名字印在芯片卡上。
02:51
And if you think about it,
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如果你仔细想想，
02:53
it's even more insidious and perverse
than it seems at first.
than it seems at first.
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就会觉得更加荒谬反常了。
02:56
Because the only people that benefit
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因为整个事情的真正受益者
02:58
from having the name
on the card are criminals.
on the card are criminals.
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只有犯罪分子。
03:00
You know what your name is, right?
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你是知道自己的名字的，对吧？
03:02
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:03
And when you go into
a shop and buy something,
a shop and buy something,
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当你去商店购物的时候，
03:05
it's a PIN, he doesn't care
what the name is.
what the name is.
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只需要你的密码， 不会关心你叫什么姓名。
03:08
The only place where you ever have
to write your name on the back
to write your name on the back
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要求你必须在卡背面 写上自己名字的地方，
03:11
is in America at the moment.
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目前只有美国。
每次去美国的时候，
03:12
And whenever I go to America,
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03:13
and I have to pay with a mag stripe
on the back of the card,
on the back of the card,
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我必须用卡背面的磁条付款，
03:15
I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway,
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我的签名一直是“卡洛斯•特瑟”，
这是一种安全机制。
03:17
just as a security mechanism,
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03:19
because if a transaction
ever gets disputed,
ever gets disputed,
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因为一旦有有争议的付款出现，
03:21
and it comes back and it says Dave Birch,
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显示签名戴維•波奇，
我就能判别那一定是犯罪分子，
03:23
I know it must have been a criminal,
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因为我从来不会签自己的真名。
03:25
because I would never sign it Dave Birch.
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03:28
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:29
So if you drop your card in the street,
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如果你弄丢了你的卡，
03:31
it means a criminal
can pick it up and read it.
can pick it up and read it.
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这就意味着可能被犯罪分子捡到，
03:33
They know the name,
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他们认得你的名字，
03:34
from the name they can find the address,
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并能根据你的姓名找到地址，
这样他们就可以拿着去网上购物了。
03:35
and then they can go off
and buy stuff online.
and buy stuff online.
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那么为什么我们要把姓名写在卡上呢？
03:38
Why do we put the name on the card?
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03:40
Because we think identity
is something to do with names,
is something to do with names,
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因为我们认为身份和姓名有关，
03:44
and because we're rooted
in the idea of the identity card,
in the idea of the identity card,
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而身份证的概念深入我们内心，
03:47
which obsesses us.
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没法摆脱。
03:49
And I know it crashed and burned
a couple of years ago,
a couple of years ago,
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我知道十几年前这个话题 被吵得热火朝天，
但如果你是政客或者内政部的什么人，
03:51
but if you're someone in politics
or the home office or whatever,
or the home office or whatever,
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03:56
and you think about identity,
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对于你来说，
身份就只能靠卡片上的姓名定义了。
03:57
you can only think of identity
in terms of cards with names on them.
in terms of cards with names on them.
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在现代社会这是极具颠覆性的。
04:00
And that's very subversive
in a modern world.
in a modern world.
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04:04
So the second example I thought I'd use
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第二个我想用的是
04:06
is chatrooms.
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聊天室的例子。
04:08
[Chatrooms and Children]
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”聊天室和孩子“
04:09
I'm very proud of that picture,
that's my son
that's my son
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我对这张照片非常引以为豪， 这是我的儿子，
04:11
playing in his band with his friends
for the first-ever gig,
for the first-ever gig,
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和他的朋友组合的乐队 在举行他们的首次演出。
04:15
I believe you call it, where he got paid.
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我相信你们会这么称呼它， 他是有收入的。
04:17
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:18
And I love that picture.
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我爱死这幅图片了，
04:20
I like the picture of him
getting into medical school a lot better,
getting into medical school a lot better,
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我更喜欢他进医学院的那张，
04:22
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:23
I like that picture for the moment.
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不过我现在是喜欢那张更多一些。
04:25
Why do I use that picture?
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我为什么用这个呢？
04:26
Because that was very interesting,
watching that experience as an old person.
watching that experience as an old person.
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因为作为一个老人回顾这些经历， 实在很有趣。
他（我的儿子）和他的朋友们，
04:31
So him and his friends,
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04:33
they get together, they booked a room,
like a church hall,
like a church hall,
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一起租了一间类似教堂大厅的房间。
04:35
and they got all their friends
who had bands,
who had bands,
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他们召集了所有玩乐队的朋友，
04:37
and they got them together,
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把他们聚在一起，
这些都是完全通过脸书完成的。
04:39
and they do it all on Facebook,
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然后他们出售演出票， 那上面的第一个乐队 ——
04:40
and then they sell tickets,
and the first band on the -
and the first band on the -
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04:44
I was going to say "menu,"
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我刚才想说在“菜单”上面，
04:45
that's probably
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
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这个词也许用得不对吧？
在列表中的第一个乐队，
04:47
The first band on the list of bands
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04:49
that appears at some
public music performance of some kind
public music performance of some kind
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在某种公众表演中
04:54
gets the sales from the first 20 tickets,
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销售了第一个 20 张演出票，
04:56
then the next band gets the next 20,
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第二个乐队卖掉下一个 20 张，
04:58
and so on.
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以此类推。
04:59
They were at the bottom of the menu,
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我儿子的乐队在菜单的最下面，
05:00
they were like fifth,
I thought they had no chance.
I thought they had no chance.
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大约第五个， 我本想他们没什么机会了，
05:02
He actually got 20 quid. Fantastic, right?
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但他们竟然赚了 20 英镑， 很不可思议，对吧？
05:04
But my point is,
that all worked perfectly,
that all worked perfectly,
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我想要说的是， 所有一切都运作很完美，
05:06
except on the web.
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除了在网络上，
05:09
So they're sitting on Facebook,
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他们通过脸书
05:11
and they're sending these messages
and arranging things
and arranging things
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传递消息，安排事情，
05:14
and they don't know who anybody is, right?
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他们并不知道谁是谁，对吧？
05:17
That's the big problem
we're trying to solve.
we're trying to solve.
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这是我们正在设法解决的最大问题。
05:18
If only they were using the real names,
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只要他们使用了真实姓名，
05:20
Then you wouldn't be worried
about them on the Internet.
about them on the Internet.
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你就不会再担心互联网上那些人了。
因此当他对我说，
05:23
And so when he says to me,
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“我想去聊天室谈一下吉他的事情” 诸如此类的，
05:24
"Oh, I want to go to a chatroom
to talk about guitars" or something,
to talk about guitars" or something,
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05:28
I'm like, "oh, well,
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
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我差不多会说： “哦 我不想你去聊天室谈这些事，
05:32
to talk about guitars, because
they might not all be your friends,
they might not all be your friends,
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因为他们可能不全是你的朋友，
05:35
and some of the people
that are in the chatroom
that are in the chatroom
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聊天室的一些人
可能会是变态、老师、 或者传教士什么的。”
05:37
might be perverts and teachers
and vicars."
and vicars."
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05:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:43
I mean, they generally are,
when you look in the paper, right?
when you look in the paper, right?
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我的意思是，他们通常如此， 如果你看报纸的话，不是吗？
我想知道聊天室里都有些什么人。
05:46
So I want to know who
all the people in the chatroom are.
all the people in the chatroom are.
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05:49
So okay, you can go in the chatroom,
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好吧，你可以去聊天室，
但除非每个人都用真名，
05:50
but only if everybody in the chatroom
is using their real names,
is using their real names,
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而且提交了警方的完整案底。
05:53
and they submit full copies
of their police report.
of their police report.
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05:58
But of course, if anybody
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
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当然啦，如果聊天室里 有人要问我儿子的真实姓名，
我都会拒绝 。绝对不能给真名。
06:01
I'd say no.
You can't give them your real name.
You can't give them your real name.
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06:03
Because what happens
if they turn out to be perverts,
if they turn out to be perverts,
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因为如果他们是变态怎么办？
06:06
and teachers and whatever.
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是老师什么的怎么办？
06:09
So you have this odd sort of paradox
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所以说 你有这类怪异的矛盾
就是说，我乐意让他去一个
06:10
where I'm happy for him
to go into this space
to go into this space
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知道每个人身份的空间，
06:13
if I know who everybody else is,
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06:15
but I don't want anybody else
to know who he is.
to know who he is.
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但我不想让其他任何人知道他是谁。
06:17
And so you get
this sort of logjam around identity
this sort of logjam around identity
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就这样我们陷入了某种身份僵局，
06:19
where you want full disclosure
from everybody else,
from everybody else,
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你希望每个人都完全公开，
06:21
but not from yourself.
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除了你自己。
06:22
And there's no progress, we get stuck.
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这样就不会有什么改观， 我们陷入了困境，
06:24
And so the chatroom thing
doesn't work properly,
doesn't work properly,
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而聊天室就没法正常运作了。
这是对于身份问题 一种糟糕的理解方式。
06:26
and it's a very bad way
of thinking about identity.
of thinking about identity.
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06:31
So on my RSS feed,
I saw this thing about -
I saw this thing about -
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在我的简讯订阅单上 ——
06:34
I just said something bad
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
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我刚说了它的坏话了吧？
我不该再这么讲了。
06:36
I should stop saying it like that.
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06:38
For some random reason, I can't imagine,
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一个偶然原因，我从未想象过，
06:40
something about cheerleaders
turned up in my inbox.
turned up in my inbox.
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一些关于拉拉队的事件 出现在我的收件箱。
06:42
And I read this story about cheerleaders,
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我读了他们的故事，
非常不可思议。
06:44
and it's a fascinating story.
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06:45
This happened a couple of years ago
in the U.S.
in the U.S.
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那是发生在十多年前的美国，
当时美国高中的队组中有一支拉拉队，
06:47
There were some cheerleaders
in a team at a high school
in a team at a high school
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06:50
in the U.S., and they said mean things
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他们对教练
06:53
about their cheerleading coach,
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言语刻薄。
06:54
as I'm sure kids do
about all of their teachers
about all of their teachers
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我确信孩子们对自己的老师
06:56
all of the time,
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一直都是这样。
06:58
and somehow the cheerleading coach
found out about this.
found out about this.
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不知怎么搞的， 拉拉队教练发现了这件事。
07:00
She was very upset.
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她非常愤怒。
07:01
And so she went to one of the girls,
and said,
and said,
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于是她对其中的一个女孩说：
07:03
"you have to give me
your Facebook password."
your Facebook password."
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“把你的脸书密码交出来。”
我常常遇到类似的事， 即使是在大学，
07:06
I read this all the time,
where even at some universities
where even at some universities
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07:09
and places of education,
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在某些教育机构中，
07:10
kids are forced to hand over
their Facebook passwords.
their Facebook passwords.
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1705
孩子们也要被迫交出自己的脸书密码。
07:12
So you've got to give them
your Facebook password.
your Facebook password.
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所以你也得这样。
07:15
She was a kid!
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可她只是个孩子！
07:15
What she should have said
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她本来可以说：
07:17
is, "my lawyer will be calling you
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“我的律师明天
07:18
first thing in the morning.
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一早会打电话给你，
07:19
It's an outrageous imposition
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你侵犯了我
07:21
on my 4th Amendment right to privacy,
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第四修正案中的个人隐私权，
07:23
and you're going to be sued
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你等着吃官司，
倾家荡产吧！“
07:23
for all the money you've got."
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07:24
That's what she should have said.
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她本该这样说，
07:25
But she's a kid,
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可是她还是个小孩，
07:26
so she hands over the password.
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于是她上缴了她的密码。
07:28
The teacher can't log into Facebook,
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老师当时没法登陆脸书，
07:30
because the school
has blocked access to Facebook.
has blocked access to Facebook.
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因为被学校网络封锁了，
07:33
So the teacher can't log into Facebook
until she gets home.
until she gets home.
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只能等到回家后。
07:35
So the girl tells her friends,
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所以，当女孩把这件事 告诉她的朋友们之后，
猜猜发生了什么？
07:37
guess what happened?
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07:37
The teacher logged in, she knows.
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她知道老师会登陆，
所以她们纷纷通过手机，
07:39
So the girls just all logged into Facebook
on their phones,
on their phones,
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1817
把所有的脸书资料都删除了。
07:41
and deleted their profiles.
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07:43
And so when the teacher logged in,
there was nothing there.
there was nothing there.
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这样当老师们登陆的时候， 便一无所获。
07:45
My point is, those identities,
they don't think about them the same way.
they don't think about them the same way.
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我想强调的是，对于身份， 他们的理解方式不再一样了。
07:51
Identity is, especially when
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
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身份是在流动变化着的， 特别在青少年阶段。
07:55
You have lots of identities.
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你会有多重身份，
07:56
And you can have an identity,
you don't like it,
you don't like it,
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有的你可能不喜欢，
07:59
because it's subverted in some way,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
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因为它可能被破坏了， 或者不安全，或是不恰当。
你只需要删除它，找另一个，
08:02
you just delete it and get another one.
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2058
08:04
The idea that you have an identity
that's given to you by someone,
that's given to you by someone,
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那种被他人，比如政府之类，
08:08
the government or whatever,
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795
赋予某种身份，
08:09
and you have to stick with that identity
and use it in all places,
and use it in all places,
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2095
并且在任何地方都要沿用的想法，
08:11
that's absolutely wrong.
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真是大错特错。
08:12
Why would you want to really know
who someone was on Facebook,
who someone was on Facebook,
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你会要想知道脸书上 某个人的真实身份吗？
08:15
unless you wanted to abuse them
and harass them in some way?
and harass them in some way?
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除非你要诋毁或是侵扰他？
这种运作方式是不当的。
08:18
And it just doesn't work properly.
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2607
08:21
And my fourth example is
there are some cases
there are some cases
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我的第四个例子是，
08:23
where you really want to be -
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有一些情况下，你真的想要成为...
08:26
In case you're wondering,
that's me at the G20 protest.
that's me at the G20 protest.
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也许你们也正在疑惑这幅图， 这是 G20 示威活动时的我。
08:29
I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,
but I had a meeting at a bank
but I had a meeting at a bank
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不过我当时不是参与 G20示威， 而是在一个银行开会。
08:33
on the day of the G20 protest,
and I got an email from the bank
and I got an email from the bank
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正好在同一天， 我收到一封来自银行的邮件，
08:36
saying please don't wear a suit,
because it'll inflame the protesters.
because it'll inflame the protesters.
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4537
让我别穿正装，这会激怒示威者。
08:41
I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,
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坦率的讲，我穿上正装还是挺不错的。
08:43
so you can see why it would drive them
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1666
所以你可以看到， 为什么这会让他们卷入
08:44
into an anti-capitalist frenzy.
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反资本主义的狂热中。
(笑声)
08:46
(Laughter)
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511
08:46
So I thought, well, look.
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905
所以我就想，好吧，你瞧，
08:47
If I don't want to inflame the protesters,
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3145
如果我不愿意激怒示威者，
我显然要
08:50
the obvious thing to do
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892
08:51
is go dressed as a protester.
224
519809
1381
像示威者一样着装。
于是我清一色黑衣，
08:53
So I went dressed completely in black,
225
521214
1994
08:55
you know, with a black balaclava,
226
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1860
黑色的巴拉克拉法帽，
08:57
I had black gloves on,
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810
黑色的手套，
08:57
but I've taken them off
to sign the visitor's book.
to sign the visitor's book.
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1613
不过在来客簿上签名的时候， 我脱掉了它们。
(笑声)
08:59
(Laughter)
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548
09:00
I'm wearing black trousers, black boots,
230
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2159
我穿着黑色裤子，黑色靴子，
09:02
I'm dressed completely in black.
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从头到脚都是黑色的。
09:03
I go into the bank at 10 o'clock,
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1150
我十点钟进的银行，
09:04
go, "Hi, I'm Dave Birch,
233
532922
941
我说：“你好，我是戴維•波奇，
09:05
I've got a 3 o'clock
with so and so there."
with so and so there."
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1252
我三点约了会议。“
09:07
Sure. They sign me in.
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1417
当然，他们让我进入了。
09:08
There's my visitor's badge.
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2747
这是我的访客胸牌。
09:11
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:12
So this nonsense
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所以说，简直是无稽之谈，
09:13
about you've got to have real names
on Facebook and whatever,
on Facebook and whatever,
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2030
你在脸书和其他任何地方都使用真名，
09:15
that gets you that kind of security.
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2211
就会让你获得某种安全。
09:17
That gets you security theater,
where there's no actual security,
where there's no actual security,
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4495
这就是一个安全剧场， 哪里没有真正所谓的安全，
09:22
but people are sort of playing parts
in a play about security.
in a play about security.
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每个人都在这场有关安全的剧里 扮演某种角色。
09:25
And as long as
everybody learns their lines,
everybody learns their lines,
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1101
只要每个人都记得台词，
09:26
everyone's happy.
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1512
大家就都满意了。
09:28
But it's not real security.
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但这不是真正的安全。
09:31
Especially because I hate banks
more than the G20 protesters do,
more than the G20 protesters do,
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特别是我厌恶银行 胜过那些 G20 示威者，
09:34
because I work for them.
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1161
因为我为他们工作，
09:35
I know that things are actually worse
than these guys think.
than these guys think.
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2803
我知道的那些事情 要比他们所认为的糟糕得多。
09:38
(Laughter)
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1773
(笑声)
09:41
But suppose I worked
next to somebody in a bank
next to somebody in a bank
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5070
假设在银行里工作时，我边上的同事
09:46
who was doing something.
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3008
在做些什么事情，
09:56
Suppose I was sitting
next to a rogue trader,
next to a rogue trader,
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2166
假设他在做流氓交易，
09:58
and I want to report it
to the boss of the bank.
to the boss of the bank.
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2279
我想上报老板。
10:01
So I log on to do
a little bit of whistleblowing.
a little bit of whistleblowing.
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1392
于是我登录，打算揭发他。
10:02
I send a message,
this guy's a rogue trader.
this guy's a rogue trader.
255
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2441
我发一条信息，说这个人是流氓交易员，
10:05
That message is meaningless
256
593118
1774
但这个信息是没有意义的，
10:06
if you don't know
that I'm a trader at the bank.
that I'm a trader at the bank.
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2924
除非你知道我也是银行的交易员，
10:09
If that message just comes from anybody,
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1905
如果这个消息可以从任何人而来，
那它的价值就是零了。
10:11
it has zero information value.
259
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2633
10:14
There's no point in sending that message.
260
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2469
这样的信息毫无意义。
10:18
But if I have to prove who I am,
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2743
但如果我必须要证实我自己的身份，
10:21
I'll never send that message.
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1381
那我绝不会发这条信息了。
就像医院里，护士要揭发 醉酒的手术医生。
10:22
It's just like the nurse in the hospital
reporting the drunk surgeon.
reporting the drunk surgeon.
263
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3829
10:26
That message will only happen
if I'm anonymous.
if I'm anonymous.
264
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2897
那么他只会匿名上报，
10:29
So the system has to have ways
of providing anonymity there,
of providing anonymity there,
265
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4767
所以这样的系统必须要 提供匿名的途径。
10:34
otherwise we don't get
where we want to get to.
where we want to get to.
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2239
否则我不会达成我的目的。
所以，我要说的第四点就是， 对此我们能做些什么？
10:36
So four issues.
So what are we going to do about it?
So what are we going to do about it?
267
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2646
10:39
Well, what we tend to do about it
268
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4663
我们要做的，
10:43
is we think about Orwell space.
269
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2364
就是对解奥威尔空间的思考。
10:46
And we try to make electronic versions
270
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3122
我们尝试制作电子版本的身份证，
10:49
of the identity card
that we got rid of in 1953.
that we got rid of in 1953.
271
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2283
那是早在1953年我们就废弃了的。
10:51
So we think if we had a card,
272
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2733
如果我们有某种卡，
10:54
call it a Facebook login,
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1315
就叫它脸书准入好了，
10:55
which proves who you are,
274
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1273
它能证明你是谁，
10:57
and I make you carry it all the time,
275
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1867
你随身带着它，
10:58
that solves the problem.
276
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794
就可以解决所有问题了。
10:59
And of course, for all those reasons
I've just outlined,
I've just outlined,
277
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2134
当然，基于我刚才列出的种种原因，
11:01
it doesn't, and it might, actually,
278
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968
这也许不会真的解决问题，
11:02
make some problems worse.
279
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1048
可能反倒会使问题变得更糟。
11:03
The more times you're forced
to use your real identity,
to use your real identity,
280
651985
2799
被强制使用真实身份的次数越多，
11:06
certainly in transactional terms,
281
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2216
当然是在交易中，
11:09
the more likely that identity
is to get stolen and subverted.
is to get stolen and subverted.
282
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2858
那么它被盗被毁的可能性就越大。
所以，我们的目标就是使人们
11:11
The goal is to stop people
from using identity
from using identity
283
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2240
11:14
in transactions which don't need identity,
284
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2153
在不必要的交易场合 不再出示真实身份。
11:16
which is actually almost all transactions.
285
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2485
其实几乎所有的交易都不需要。
11:18
Almost all of the transactions you do
286
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2273
你参与的几乎所有交易，
11:21
are not, who are you?
287
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1664
都不在乎你是谁，
11:22
They're, are you allowed to drive the car,
288
670865
2110
而是，你是否被允许开车，
11:24
are you allowed in the building,
289
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1524
是否可以进入这幢大楼，
是否满18岁，
11:26
are you over 18,
290
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833
诸如之类。
11:27
etcetera, etcetera.
291
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2091
11:29
So my suggestion-I, like James,
292
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1807
所以我的建议，如詹姆斯一样，就是
11:31
think that there should be
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
293
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3137
我认为这个问题应该重新 被研发重视起来。
11:34
I think this is a solvable problem.
294
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761
它是可解的，
11:35
It's something we can do about.
295
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1796
对此我们可以有所作为。
11:37
Naturally, in these circumstances,
296
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1924
很自然的，在这样的情境下，
11:39
I turn to Doctor Who.
297
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1350
我会向”神秘博士”求助。
11:40
Because in this,
298
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2112
因为在这本剧中，
11:42
as in so many other walks of life,
299
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1620
就像在现实生活中的各行各业，
神秘博士已经给了我们答案。
11:44
Doctor Who has already shown
us the answer.
us the answer.
300
692218
2929
11:47
So I should say,
301
695171
790
应该说，
11:47
for some of our foreign visitors,
302
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2307
对于我们某些外籍游客，
11:50
Doctor Who is the greatest
living scientist in England,
living scientist in England,
303
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3830
神秘博士是英国最伟大的当代科学家，
11:54
(Laughter)
304
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1553
(笑声)
11:55
and a beacon of truth and enlightenment
to all of us.
to all of us.
305
703747
2776
也是我们每个人真理和启示的灯塔。
11:58
And this is Doctor Who
with his psychic paper.
with his psychic paper.
306
706547
4046
这是神秘博士和他的通灵卡片。
12:02
Come on, you guys must have seen
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
307
710617
2146
你们肯定读过这个，
12:04
You're not nerds if you say yes.
308
712787
1976
读过又不意味着你就是书呆子。
12:06
Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?
309
714787
2112
谁见过神秘博士的通灵卡片？
12:08
Oh right, you were in the library
the whole time studying I guess.
the whole time studying I guess.
310
716923
2406
好吧，我猜你们一直都在图书馆学习，
12:11
Is that what you're going to tell us?
311
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2046
这就是你要告诉我们的吗？
12:13
Doctor Who's psychic paper
312
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1238
神秘博士的通灵卡片，
12:14
is when you hold up the psychic paper,
313
722685
2096
就是当你举起它的时候，
12:16
the person, in their brain,
314
724805
1514
这个人能在他们脑中
12:18
sees the thing that they need to see.
315
726343
2325
看到他们所想要的。
12:20
So I want to show you a British passport,
316
728692
2335
我想给你们看一个英国护照，
12:23
I hold up the psychic paper,
317
731051
1002
我举起通灵卡片，
12:24
you see a British passport.
318
732077
1456
你就可以看到一个英国护照；
12:25
I want to get into a party,
319
733557
1772
我想要参加一个派对，
12:27
I hold up the psychic paper,
320
735353
1583
只要我举起通灵卡片，
12:28
I show you a party invitation.
321
736960
1429
你就可以看到一个派对邀请。
你可以看到你内心所想的。
12:30
You see what you want to see.
322
738413
2051
12:32
So what I'm saying is we need
to make an electronic version of that,
to make an electronic version of that,
323
740488
3191
我想说的是， 我们可以做一个电子版本，
但是要做出一个很小的改变，
12:35
but with one tiny, tiny change,
324
743703
2173
12:37
which is that it'll only show you
the British passport
the British passport
325
745900
2572
就是它只展示我的英国护照，
如果我确实有一张；
12:40
if I've actually got one.
326
748496
1192
12:41
It'll only show you the party invitation
327
749712
1195
它会显示那个派对邀请，
12:42
if I actually have one.
328
750931
1373
如果我也有这个；
12:44
It will only show you that I'm over 18
if I actually am over 18.
if I actually am over 18.
329
752328
3000
它也可以显示我已满18岁， 如果情况也属实的话。
但不会显示其它。
12:47
But nothing else.
330
755352
2300
12:49
So you're the bouncer at the pub,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
331
757676
4751
如果你是酒吧保镖， 要知道我是否满18岁，
12:54
instead of showing you my driving license,
332
762451
2000
我不用出示我的驾照，
那就泄露了我会开车，
12:56
which shows you I know how to drive,
333
764475
1817
12:58
what my name is, my address,
all these kind of things,
all these kind of things,
334
766316
2572
还透露我的姓名、地址之类的信息。
我给你看我的通灵卡片就可以了，
13:00
I show you my psychic paper,
335
768912
1555
13:02
and all it tells you is
am I over 18 or not.
am I over 18 or not.
336
770491
3142
它只告诉你我是否已满18岁。
13:05
Right.
337
773657
1412
是的。
13:07
Is that just a pipe dream?
338
775093
1314
这只是白日梦么？
13:08
Of course not, otherwise
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
339
776431
1669
当然不是啦！ 否则我不会在这里讲这么多。
13:10
So in order to build that
and make it work,
and make it work,
340
778124
3060
为了完成这个设想，让它付诸实际，
13:13
I'm only going to name these things,
I'll not go into them,
I'll not go into them,
341
781208
2747
我只讲讲需要的东西， 就不做具体解释了。
13:15
we need a plan,
342
783979
1153
我需要制定一个计划，
13:17
which is we're going to build this
343
785156
1225
建造这样一个
13:18
as an infrastructure for everybody to use,
344
786405
2000
人人都可以使用的基础框架，
来解决所有问题。
13:20
to solve all of these problems.
345
788429
1830
13:22
We're going to make a utility,
346
790283
2024
我们会制造一种功用，
13:24
the utility has to be universal,
347
792331
1524
它必须是普适的，
13:25
you can use it everywhere,
348
793879
859
你可以随处使用。
13:26
I'm just giving you little flashes
of the technology as we go along.
of the technology as we go along.
349
794762
3191
我来为大家提供一点 有关这些技术的片段。
这是一个日本的自动提款机，
13:29
That's a Japanese ATM,
350
797977
1359
13:31
the fingerprint template
is stored inside the mobile phone.
is stored inside the mobile phone.
351
799360
3084
指纹模板存储在手机里头。
13:34
So when you want to draw money out,
352
802468
963
如果你要取现金，
13:35
you put the mobile phone on the ATM,
353
803455
1473
你可以把手机放在自动提款机上，
13:36
and touch your finger,
354
804952
1241
按指印，
13:38
your fingerprint goes through
to the phone,
to the phone,
355
806217
2048
你的指纹就传送到手机。
手机确认提款人身份后，
13:40
the phone says yes, that's whoever,
356
808289
1667
自动提款机就会把现金递给你。
13:41
and the ATM then gives you some money.
357
809980
2180
13:44
It has to be a utility
that you can use everywhere.
that you can use everywhere.
358
812184
3013
这是一个你可以随处使用的功能，
13:47
It has to be absolutely convenient,
359
815221
1762
而且它必须非常方便快捷。
13:49
that's me going into the pub.
360
817007
3143
我要去酒吧，
13:52
All the device on the door
of the pub is allowed is,
of the pub is allowed is,
361
820174
2769
酒吧入口的设备会检测是否许可进入，
13:54
is this person over 18
and not barred from the pub?
and not barred from the pub?
362
822967
3649
依据我们是否满18岁。
13:58
And so the idea is,
you touch your ID card to the door,
you touch your ID card to the door,
363
826640
3306
这个想法就是， 让你的身份证接触门，
14:01
and if I am allowed in,
it shows my picture,
it shows my picture,
364
829970
1935
如果它允许你进入， 就会显示你的照片；
14:03
if I'm not allowed in,
it shows a red cross.
it shows a red cross.
365
831929
1437
如果不能，就会给你一个红叉。
14:05
It doesn't disclose any other information.
366
833390
1591
这并没有泄露你的其他信息，
14:07
It has to have no special gadgets.
367
835005
1888
它必须没有什么特别的配件。
14:08
That can only mean one thing,
368
836917
1611
那就只意味着一件事，
14:10
following on from Ross's statement,
369
838552
1667
按照罗斯的声明往下说，
我完全同意其中的观点。
14:12
which I agree with completely.
370
840243
1454
14:13
If it means no special gadgets,
371
841721
1088
如果它没有什么特别配件，
14:14
it has to run on a mobile phone.
372
842833
1350
就必须能在手机上运行。
14:16
That's the only choice we have,
373
844207
1079
这是我们的唯一选择：
14:17
we have to make it work on mobile phones.
374
845310
1855
得让它在手机上工作。
14:19
There are 6.6 billion
375
847189
910
全球有66亿
14:20
mobile phone subscriptions.
376
848123
900
手机用户，
14:21
My favorite statistic of all time,
377
849047
2012
我一直以来最喜欢的一个统计数字，
14:23
only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.
378
851083
1953
是全世界只有40亿的牙刷。
它是有意义的，
14:25
That means something,
379
853060
1035
14:26
I don't know what.
380
854119
1233
只是我不知道是什么。
14:27
(Laughter)
381
855376
354
(笑声)
14:27
I rely on our futurologists to tell me.
382
855754
3439
我指望未来学家告诉我。
14:31
It has to be a utility
which is extensible.
which is extensible.
383
859217
1686
这必须是一个可扩展的功用，
14:32
So it has to be something
384
860927
1261
是某种
14:34
that anybody could build on.
385
862212
1566
任何人都能组建的功用。
14:35
Anybody should be able
to use this infrastructure,
to use this infrastructure,
386
863802
1864
每个人都要能使用这个基础框架，
14:37
you don't need permissions,
licenses, whatever,
licenses, whatever,
387
865690
2430
而不需要任何许可、授权之类的。
14:40
anyone should be able
to write some code to do this.
to write some code to do this.
388
868144
3167
每个人都能写代码来做这件事。
14:45
You know what symmetry is,
389
873176
1241
你知道对称性是什么，
14:46
so you don't need a picture of it.
390
874441
2323
所以不需要看图去理解。
14:48
This is how we're going to do it.
391
876788
1140
我们就要这样去做，
14:49
We're going to do it using phones,
392
877952
1010
我们用手机和移动感应
14:50
and we're going to do it
393
878986
602
14:51
using mobile proximity.
394
879612
1132
完成这件事。
14:52
I'm going to suggest to you
395
880768
1112
我想建议你们，
14:53
the technology to implement
396
881904
1312
来实现神秘博士的通灵卡片，
14:55
Doctor Who's psychic paper
397
883240
1262
14:56
is already here, and if any of you
398
884526
1620
其实所需技术早已存在。
如果你们任何人有这种 巴克莱银行新发行的、
14:58
have got one of the new
Barclay's debit cards
Barclay's debit cards
399
886170
2455
15:00
with the contactless interface on it,
400
888649
1205
具有非接触界面的借记卡，
15:01
you've already got that technology.
401
889878
1667
你就已经拥有这种技术了。
如果你曾去过大城市，
15:03
If you've ever been up to the big city,
402
891569
1900
15:05
and used an Oyster card at all,
403
893493
1477
用过交通卡，
这会对你有什么提示吗？
15:06
does that ring any bells to anybody?
404
894994
2071
15:09
The technology already exists.
405
897089
722
这种技术已经存在。
15:09
The first phones
406
897835
1366
首批内置这项技术的手机
15:11
that have the technology built in,
407
899225
606
15:11
the Google Nexus, the S2,
408
899855
2275
是Google Nexus，S2，
以及Samsung Wifi 7.9。
15:14
the Samsung Wifi 7.9,
409
902154
685
15:14
the first phones that have
410
902863
1468
带有这些技术的手机
15:16
the technology built into them
411
904355
1068
已经在市面出售。
15:17
are already in the shops.
412
905447
810
15:18
So the idea that the gas man
413
906281
1688
所以当天然气工人
15:19
can turn up at my mom's door
414
907993
2168
出现在我母亲的门口，
15:22
and he can show my mom his phone,
415
910185
2178
他出示他的手机，
15:24
and she can tap it with her phone,
416
912387
1311
我母亲点一下自己的手机，
15:25
and it will come up with green
if he really is from British Gas
if he really is from British Gas
417
913722
2283
就可以知道他是不是 来自英国天然气公司，
15:28
and allowed in,
418
916029
1188
可不可以让他进来。
15:29
and it'll come up with red if he isn't,
419
917241
1646
如果他不是，就会出现红叉。
15:30
end of story.
420
918911
586
就这么简单。
15:31
We have the technology to do that.
421
919521
1826
我们具备所需的技术，
15:33
And what's more,
422
921371
1211
更重要的是，
15:34
although some of those things
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
423
922606
2121
虽然有些事情有些匪夷所思，
15:36
like proving I'm over 18
without proving who I am,
without proving who I am,
424
924751
2764
比如证明我年满 18 但不泄露我是谁，
15:39
the cryptography to do that
not only exists,
not only exists,
425
927539
2201
事实上相关加密技术不仅存在，
15:41
it's extremely well-known
and well-understood.
and well-understood.
426
929764
2205
而且非常普遍易懂。
15:43
Digital signatures, the blinding
of public key certificates,
of public key certificates,
427
931993
2631
数字签名、公钥证书，
15:46
these technologies have been around
for a while,
for a while,
428
934648
1720
这些技术已经存在有一阵子了，
15:48
we've just had no way
of packaging them up.
of packaging them up.
429
936392
2048
只是我们还没能把它们打包起来。
这些技术存在，
15:50
So the technology already exists.
430
938464
2693
15:53
We know it works,
431
941181
3664
而且有效。
15:56
There are a few examples
of the technology being used
of the technology being used
432
944869
1724
有一些此类技术
15:58
in experimental places.
433
946617
1646
被用在实验环境中，
16:00
That's London Fashion Week,
434
948287
1304
在伦敦时装周，
16:01
where we built a system with O2,
435
949615
1850
我们建了一个“氧气”系统，
16:03
that's for the Wireless Festival
in Hyde Park,
in Hyde Park,
436
951489
2743
用在海德公园的无线盛会。
16:06
you can see the persons
437
954256
1099
你可以看见人们
16:07
walking in with their VIP band,
438
955379
1737
带着他们的VIP卡走进去，
16:09
it's just being checked
439
957140
460
它正在检查，
16:09
by the Nokia phone
that's reading the band.
that's reading the band.
440
957624
1076
通过Nokia手机读取VIP卡的信息。
16:10
I'm only putting those up to show you
441
958724
1674
我讲这些只是为了告诉大家，
16:12
these things are prosaic,
442
960422
1205
这一切都不足为奇。
16:13
this stuff works in these environments.
443
961651
1858
能在这样的环境中运作，
其实没什么特别之处。
16:15
They don't need to be special.
444
963533
1429
最后，我知道你可以做到这些，
16:16
So finally, I know that you can do this,
445
964986
5895
16:23
because if you saw
the episode of Doctor Who,
the episode of Doctor Who,
446
971789
2880
如果你看过神秘博士，
16:26
the Easter special of Doctor Who,
447
974693
1876
复活节特辑的那一集，
16:28
where he went to Mars in a bus,
448
976593
3352
他乘公车去火星，
16:31
I should say again
for our foreign students,
for our foreign students,
449
979969
1538
我必须为在场的外籍学生 再次解释一遍，
16:33
that doesn't happen every episode.
450
981531
1649
这不是每一集都有的。
16:35
This was a very special case.
451
983204
1447
这是一个特例。
16:36
So in the episode where
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
452
984675
3217
他在一辆伦敦公车上前往火星的那集，
16:39
I can't show you the clip,
453
987916
1649
我没法给你们看剪辑，
16:41
due to the outrageous restrictions
of Queen Anne-style copyright
of Queen Anne-style copyright
454
989589
3000
因为被 BBC 像安妮皇后一般
严格地控制着版权。
16:44
by the BBC,
455
992613
1869
16:46
but in the episode
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
456
994506
2715
在那一集， 神秘博士坐着伦敦公车去火星，
你能清楚看到他上了公交车，
16:49
Doctor Who is clearly shown
getting on to the bus
getting on to the bus
457
997245
4110
16:53
with the Oyster card reader
458
1001379
1276
在那个交通卡读卡器上，
16:54
using his psychic paper.
459
1002679
1544
通过他的通灵卡片使用了特异功能。
16:56
Which proves that psychic paper
460
1004247
2068
这证实了这个通灵卡片，
16:58
has an MSE interface.
461
1006339
1691
有一个MSE（移动服务引擎）的接口。
17:00
Thank you very much.
462
1008054
2010
非常感谢！
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultantDavid Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity.
Why you should listen
David G.W. Birch is a Director of Consult Hyperion, an electronic identity and transactions consultant. He is the Chairman of the annual Digital Money Forum and Digital Identity Forum in London and he has written for several publications including more than a hundred Second Sight columns for The Guardian newspaper. In 2007, he published Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications under Gower Publishing Ltd. He hosts the Consult Hyperion podcast -- conversations with identity and digital transaction experts.
David Birch | Speaker | TED.com