TEDxSussexUniversity
David Birch: A new way to stop identity theft
戴維•波奇: 阻止身份盜竊的新方法
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調酒師需要知道你的年齡，零售商需要你的密碼，但幾乎沒有人會需要你的名字 ﹣ 除了身份竊賊。身份專家戴維•波奇針對更安全的個人信息保存方法提出了建議 ﹣ 一個“碎片式”方法 ﹣ 而這一方法幾乎不會要求你提供真實姓名。
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultant
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
David Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So I thought I'd talk about identity.
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我來談談身份這回事。
對我來說，這算是個 相當有趣的話題。
00:15
That's sort of an interesting
enough topic to me.
enough topic to me.
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00:18
And the reason was,
because when I was asked to do this,
because when I was asked to do this,
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原因就在於，當我被要求 談論“身份”這件事時，
00:21
I'd just read, in one of the papers,
I can't remember,
I can't remember,
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我就會讀某篇文章， 我不記得具體哪篇，
00:24
something from someone at Facebook
saying, well,
saying, well,
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是某篇臉書好友分享的，文章說：
00:28
"we need to make everybody
use their real names."
use their real names."
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「我們需要讓每個人 都用他們的真名。」
00:29
and then that's basically
all the problems solved.
all the problems solved.
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然後基本上所有問題就會迎刃而解。
這真是大錯特錯。
00:32
And that's so wrong,
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00:34
that's such a fundamentally,
reactionary view of identity,
reactionary view of identity,
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這種對個人資料的傳統看法，
00:38
and it's going to get us
into all sorts of trouble.
into all sorts of trouble.
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會讓我們陷入各種各樣的困境。
所以我想，
00:40
And so what I thought I'd do
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我會解釋這種觀念的四大問題，
00:41
is I'll explain four
sort of problems about it,
sort of problems about it,
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00:45
and then I'll suggest a solution,
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然後我會提出一個解決辦法，
00:47
which hopefully you
might find interesting.
might find interesting.
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希望你們會認為這個辦法有趣。
我們來設定一下問題，
00:49
So just to frame the problem,
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00:51
what does authenticity mean?
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真實性意味著什麼？
00:53
That's me, that's
a camera phone picture of me
a camera phone picture of me
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那是我，是一張用手機拍攝的照片，
00:58
looking at a painting.
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我正看著一幅繪畫。
00:59
[What's the Problem?]
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「問題出在哪兒？」
01:00
That's a painting that was painted
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那幅圖由一位知名偽造家繪製而成，
01:01
by a very famous forger,
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01:03
and because I'm not very good
at presentations,
at presentations,
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由於我不太擅長演講，
我也不記得我寫在卡片上的 那位畫家的名字了。
01:05
I already can't remember the name
that I wrote on my card.
that I wrote on my card.
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他被囚禁于威克菲爾德監獄中，
01:08
And he was incarcerated
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
in, I think, Wakefield Prison
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01:12
for forging masterpieces by,
I think, French Impressionists.
I think, French Impressionists.
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罪名就是偽造了法國 印象派畫家的傑出作品。
01:15
And he's so good at it,
that when he was in prison,
that when he was in prison,
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他對此相當擅長，當他入獄時，
01:19
everybody in prison,
the governor and whatever,
the governor and whatever,
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監獄裡的每個人，包括省長之類的人，
01:20
wanted him to paint masterpieces
to put on the walls,
to put on the walls,
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都想讓他畫一幅大師的傑作， 以掛在自家牆頭，
01:23
because they were so good.
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因為他畫得太好了。
01:24
And so that's a masterpiece,
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那是一幅大師的傑作，
01:26
which is a fake of a masterpiece,
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一幅傑出的贗品，
01:28
and bonded into the canvas is a chip
which identifies that as a real fake,
which identifies that as a real fake,
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陷在帆布上的一小塊芯片 用來標記這的確是一幅真正的贗品，
01:34
if you see what I mean.
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如果你理解我的意思的話。
01:36
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:37
So when we're talking about authenticity,
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因此當我們談論真實性的時候，
01:39
it's a little more fractal than it appears
and that's a good example to show it.
and that's a good example to show it.
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它其實比表面來的更為複雜， 而那就是一個很好的例子。
01:45
I tried to pick four problems
that will frame the issue properly.
that will frame the issue properly.
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我嘗試用四個問題 來合適地描述這個議題。
01:49
So the first problem, I thought,
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那麼第一個問題，我認為，
芯片和密碼，對嗎？
01:50
Chip and PIN, right?
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01:52
[Banks and legacies
bringing down the system from within]
bringing down the system from within]
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「銀行與數據元系統 從內部令系統崩潰」
01:53
[Offline solutions do not work online]
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「線下解決方法 無法在線上運作」
01:54
I'm guessing everyone's got
a chip and PIN card, right?
a chip and PIN card, right?
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我猜每個人都有帶芯片 和密碼卡，對嗎？
01:57
So why is that a good example?
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那為什麼這是個好例子呢？
01:59
That's the example of how
legacy thinking about identity
legacy thinking about identity
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這個例子展現了 銀行對身份的看法
02:02
subverts the security
of a well-constructed system.
of a well-constructed system.
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如何顛覆一個堅固系統的安全性。
02:05
That chip and PIN card
that's in your pocket
that's in your pocket
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你口袋裡的那張帶芯片密碼卡
02:08
has a little chip on it
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
that cost millions of pounds to develop,
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上面有一塊小芯片， 它要花上幾百萬英鎊來研發，
02:11
is extremely secure,
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它相當的安全，
02:13
you can put scanning
electron microscopes on it,
electron microscopes on it,
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你可以將掃描電子顯微鏡放上去，
你可以試著磨損它，諸如此類。
02:15
you can try and grind it down,
blah blah blah.
blah blah blah.
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那些芯片從未被破壞， 不管報紙上怎麼說。
02:17
Those chips have never been broken,
whatever you read in the paper.
whatever you read in the paper.
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02:20
And for a joke,
we take that super-secure chip
we take that super-secure chip
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講個笑話，我們將那超級安全的芯片
02:24
and we bond it to a trivially
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
counterfeitable magnetic stripe
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安裝在一個可被稍許偽造的磁條上，
02:27
and for very lazy criminals,
we still emboss the card.
we still emboss the card.
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而針對那些很懶的罪犯， 我們仍然在磁條上刻劃圖案。
02:31
So if you're a criminal in a hurry
and you need to copy someone's card,
and you need to copy someone's card,
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如果你是個很心急的罪犯， 而你需要複製他人的卡，
02:34
you can just stick a piece of paper on it
and rub a pencil over it
and rub a pencil over it
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你可以粘一張紙在這張芯片上， 用鉛筆在上面塗畫，
02:37
just to sort of speed things up.
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以此加快犯罪進程。
02:38
And even more amusingly,
and on my debit card too,
and on my debit card too,
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更搞笑的是，我自己的儲蓄卡也一樣，
02:41
we print the name and the SALT code
and everything else on the front too.
and everything else on the front too.
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我們在卡的正面打印上 名字、SALT碼和其他信息。
02:44
Why?
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為什麼呢？
02:47
There is no earthly reason why your name
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
is printed on a chip and PIN card.
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沒有什麼理由可以解釋 為什麼你的名字被印在
一張帶芯片的密碼卡上。
如果你仔細想想，
02:51
And if you think about it,
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02:53
it's even more insidious and perverse
than it seems at first.
than it seems at first.
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這件事比第一眼粗看 更為有問題和反常。
02:56
Because the only people that benefit
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因為唯一從卡上寫有的名字中獲益的， 正是罪犯。
02:58
from having the name
on the card are criminals.
on the card are criminals.
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03:00
You know what your name is, right?
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你知道自己叫什麼名字的，不是嗎？
03:02
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:03
And when you go into
a shop and buy something,
a shop and buy something,
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當你走進一家商店買些東西，
03:05
it's a PIN, he doesn't care
what the name is.
what the name is.
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密碼才是關鍵，人家才不在乎 你叫什麼名字呢。
03:08
The only place where you ever have
to write your name on the back
to write your name on the back
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要求你必須在卡背面 寫上自己名字的地方
03:11
is in America at the moment.
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目前只有美國。
03:12
And whenever I go to America,
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每次我去美國，
03:13
and I have to pay with a mag stripe
on the back of the card,
on the back of the card,
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我必須用卡背面的磁條付款，
03:15
I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway,
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反正每次簽名我都寫 "卡洛斯•特瑟"，
就算是一個安全機制，
03:17
just as a security mechanism,
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03:19
because if a transaction
ever gets disputed,
ever gets disputed,
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因為如果轉賬有爭議，
03:21
and it comes back and it says Dave Birch,
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付款被退回， 上面的名字寫著戴維•波奇，
我就知道那肯定是罪犯幹的，
03:23
I know it must have been a criminal,
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因為我從來不會簽自己的真名。
03:25
because I would never sign it Dave Birch.
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03:28
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:29
So if you drop your card in the street,
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所以如果你在街上弄丟了自己的卡，
03:31
it means a criminal
can pick it up and read it.
can pick it up and read it.
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那就意味著罪犯能撿到你的卡， 並且讀取它上面的信息。
03:33
They know the name,
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他們知道持卡人的姓名，
03:34
from the name they can find the address,
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通過姓名他們能找到你的住址，
然後他們就能開始 用你的卡在網上買東西。
03:35
and then they can go off
and buy stuff online.
and buy stuff online.
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我們為什麼要把名字寫在卡上呢？
03:38
Why do we put the name on the card?
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03:40
Because we think identity
is something to do with names,
is something to do with names,
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因為我們認為身份和名字有關，
03:44
and because we're rooted
in the idea of the identity card,
in the idea of the identity card,
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因為我們對身份證 有著根深蒂固的想法，
03:47
which obsesses us.
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它糾纏著我們。
03:49
And I know it crashed and burned
a couple of years ago,
a couple of years ago,
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我知道這類事情 在幾年前鬧得熱火朝天，
但如果你是個從政 或是在家工作這類的人，
03:51
but if you're someone in politics
or the home office or whatever,
or the home office or whatever,
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03:56
and you think about identity,
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你想想身份這回事，
就只能以卡上的名字來定義它。
03:57
you can only think of identity
in terms of cards with names on them.
in terms of cards with names on them.
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這在現代社會是十分具有顛覆性的。
04:00
And that's very subversive
in a modern world.
in a modern world.
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04:04
So the second example I thought I'd use
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所以我想要舉的第二個例子
04:06
is chatrooms.
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就是聊天室。
04:08
[Chatrooms and Children]
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「聊天室與兒童」
04:09
I'm very proud of that picture,
that's my son
that's my son
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我對這張圖感到十分自豪， 那是我的兒子，
04:11
playing in his band with his friends
for the first-ever gig,
for the first-ever gig,
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他正和他朋友的樂隊 進行第一次現場表演，
04:15
I believe you call it, where he got paid.
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我相信你們管它叫現場表演， 他有收入進賬的。
04:17
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:18
And I love that picture.
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我愛死那張圖了。
04:20
I like the picture of him
getting into medical school a lot better,
getting into medical school a lot better,
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我更喜歡那張 他進醫學院的照片，
04:22
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:23
I like that picture for the moment.
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不過我現在還是喜歡那張圖的。
04:25
Why do I use that picture?
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為什麼我要用那張圖呢？
04:26
Because that was very interesting,
watching that experience as an old person.
watching that experience as an old person.
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因為那非常有趣， 作為一個長者來看待這個經歷。
04:31
So him and his friends,
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他和他的朋友們，
04:33
they get together, they booked a room,
like a church hall,
like a church hall,
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他們聚到一起，訂了個房間， 像是個教會禮堂，
04:35
and they got all their friends
who had bands,
who had bands,
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然後他們召集到了 所有玩樂隊的朋友們，
04:37
and they got them together,
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把他們也聚到了一起，
這一切都是在臉書上完成的，
04:39
and they do it all on Facebook,
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然後他們開始賣票， 而那上面的第一支樂隊——
04:40
and then they sell tickets,
and the first band on the -
and the first band on the -
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04:44
I was going to say "menu,"
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我剛才想要說”菜單“上面，
04:45
that's probably
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
the wrong word for it, isn't it?
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不過這個詞可能不太合適，對吧？
樂隊列表上寫著的第一支樂隊
04:47
The first band on the list of bands
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04:49
that appears at some
public music performance of some kind
public music performance of some kind
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常在某些公眾音樂表演節目上出現，
04:54
gets the sales from the first 20 tickets,
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他們從前 20 張售票中獲利，
04:56
then the next band gets the next 20,
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然後下一支樂隊獲得 接下來 20 張售票收益，
04:58
and so on.
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以此類推。
04:59
They were at the bottom of the menu,
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我兒子的樂隊在這張列表的最尾端，
05:00
they were like fifth,
I thought they had no chance.
I thought they had no chance.
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大概是第五支樂隊， 我以為他們沒啥機會了。
05:02
He actually got 20 quid. Fantastic, right?
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他竟然賺了 20 英鎊。 太棒了，不是嗎？
05:04
But my point is,
that all worked perfectly,
that all worked perfectly,
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我的重點是， 這一切都進行得很完美，
05:06
except on the web.
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除了在網路上的時候。
05:09
So they're sitting on Facebook,
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他們當時正在臉書上，
05:11
and they're sending these messages
and arranging things
and arranging things
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發送這些信息，為演出安排事情，
05:14
and they don't know who anybody is, right?
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而他們不認識上面的 任何一個人，不是嗎？
05:17
That's the big problem
we're trying to solve.
we're trying to solve.
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那正是我們要是這解決的大問題。
05:18
If only they were using the real names,
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要是他們用真名就好了，
05:20
Then you wouldn't be worried
about them on the Internet.
about them on the Internet.
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那你就不會擔心那些網路上的人了。
因此當他跟我說，
05:23
And so when he says to me,
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「喔，我想去聊天室談談吉他」 這類的事情，
05:24
"Oh, I want to go to a chatroom
to talk about guitars" or something,
to talk about guitars" or something,
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05:28
I'm like, "oh, well,
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
I don't want you to go into a chatroom
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我就會說，「噢，好吧， 我不想讓你去聊天室裡
05:32
to talk about guitars, because
they might not all be your friends,
they might not all be your friends,
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談論吉他，因為那些人 不全是你的朋友，
05:35
and some of the people
that are in the chatroom
that are in the chatroom
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而聊天室中的有些人
可能會是變態、老師、或者牧師。」
05:37
might be perverts and teachers
and vicars."
and vicars."
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05:41
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:43
I mean, they generally are,
when you look in the paper, right?
when you look in the paper, right?
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我的意思是，他們表面上看 基本上都是這樣的人，不是嗎？
所以我想知道聊天室裡的 那些人都是誰。
05:46
So I want to know who
all the people in the chatroom are.
all the people in the chatroom are.
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05:49
So okay, you can go in the chatroom,
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好吧，你可以去聊天室，
除非聊天室裡所有人都用真名，
05:50
but only if everybody in the chatroom
is using their real names,
is using their real names,
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並且他們要提交一份完整的案底。
05:53
and they submit full copies
of their police report.
of their police report.
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05:58
But of course, if anybody
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
in the chatroom asked for his real name,
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但是，當然啦，如果聊天室中 有人問起他的真名，
我就會說不。 你不能告訴他們你的真名。
06:01
I'd say no.
You can't give them your real name.
You can't give them your real name.
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06:03
Because what happens
if they turn out to be perverts,
if they turn out to be perverts,
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因為萬一他們其實是變態怎麼辦呢，
06:06
and teachers and whatever.
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或是老師，隨便什麼啦。
06:09
So you have this odd sort of paradox
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所以就有了這麼一個奇怪的悖論，
我會為他進入聊天室而感到高興的，
06:10
where I'm happy for him
to go into this space
to go into this space
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但前提是我知道大家都是誰，
06:13
if I know who everybody else is,
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06:15
but I don't want anybody else
to know who he is.
to know who he is.
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可我又不想任何人知道 我兒子到底是誰。
06:17
And so you get
this sort of logjam around identity
this sort of logjam around identity
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因此，圍繞著身份出現了一個僵局，
06:19
where you want full disclosure
from everybody else,
from everybody else,
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你希望所有其他人都坦白，
06:21
but not from yourself.
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但你自己卻免於暴露。
06:22
And there's no progress, we get stuck.
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這樣無法取得任何進展， 我們陷入了困境。
06:24
And so the chatroom thing
doesn't work properly,
doesn't work properly,
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所以聊天室沒能合理地運作，
而那也是對身份 一種非常糟糕的思考方式。
06:26
and it's a very bad way
of thinking about identity.
of thinking about identity.
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06:31
So on my RSS feed,
I saw this thing about -
I saw this thing about -
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所以在我的簡訊訂閱單上， 我看到這件事情——
06:34
I just said something bad
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
about my RSS feed, didn't I?
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我剛才說簡訊訂閱單 的壞話了，對嗎？
我不該繼續那樣講話了。
06:36
I should stop saying it like that.
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06:38
For some random reason, I can't imagine,
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出於某些亂七八糟的原因， 我無法想像，
06:40
something about cheerleaders
turned up in my inbox.
turned up in my inbox.
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一則關於啦啦隊的內容 出現在我的收件夾裡。
06:42
And I read this story about cheerleaders,
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我閱讀了這則關於啦啦隊的故事，
這真是個精彩絕倫的故事。
06:44
and it's a fascinating story.
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06:45
This happened a couple of years ago
in the U.S.
in the U.S.
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這個故事好幾年前在美國發生。
一個美國高中的一支隊伍中 有一些啦啦隊員，
06:47
There were some cheerleaders
in a team at a high school
in a team at a high school
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06:50
in the U.S., and they said mean things
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她們對啦啦隊教練 說了些很刻薄的話，
06:53
about their cheerleading coach,
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06:54
as I'm sure kids do
about all of their teachers
about all of their teachers
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我確定小孩對他們 所有的老師都會這麼做，
06:56
all of the time,
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一直以來都是這樣，
06:58
and somehow the cheerleading coach
found out about this.
found out about this.
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不知怎麼的，啦啦隊 教練發現了這回事。
07:00
She was very upset.
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她感到非常憤怒。
07:01
And so she went to one of the girls,
and said,
and said,
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因此她去找了其中一個女孩，說：
07:03
"you have to give me
your Facebook password."
your Facebook password."
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「你必須給我你的臉書密碼。」
我老是讀到這種東西， 甚至是在某些大學，
07:06
I read this all the time,
where even at some universities
where even at some universities
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07:09
and places of education,
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某些教育機構中，
07:10
kids are forced to hand over
their Facebook passwords.
their Facebook passwords.
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孩子們會被逼迫交出 他們的臉書密碼。
07:12
So you've got to give them
your Facebook password.
your Facebook password.
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那你就不得不給他們 你的臉書密碼了。
07:15
She was a kid!
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她只是個孩子！
07:15
What she should have said
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她當時應該說的話是：
07:17
is, "my lawyer will be calling you
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「我的律師會打電話給你，
07:18
first thing in the morning.
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明早頭一件事就來找你。
07:19
It's an outrageous imposition
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這是令人無比氣憤的壓迫，
07:21
on my 4th Amendment right to privacy,
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侵犯了第四修正法中我的隱私權，
07:23
and you're going to be sued
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而你將被起訴， 賠上你所有的錢！」
07:23
for all the money you've got."
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07:24
That's what she should have said.
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那是她當時應該說的話。
07:25
But she's a kid,
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但她只是個孩子，
07:26
so she hands over the password.
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於是她就交出了自己的密碼。
07:28
The teacher can't log into Facebook,
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那位老師無法登入她的臉書賬號，
07:30
because the school
has blocked access to Facebook.
has blocked access to Facebook.
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因為學校的網路禁止登入臉書。
07:33
So the teacher can't log into Facebook
until she gets home.
until she gets home.
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因此那個老師要等到回家 才能登入臉書。
07:35
So the girl tells her friends,
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於是那個女孩告訴了她的朋友們，
你猜怎麼了？
07:37
guess what happened?
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07:37
The teacher logged in, she knows.
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她知道那個老師登入了臉書，
於是所有的女孩都在她們的手機上 登入了臉書，
07:39
So the girls just all logged into Facebook
on their phones,
on their phones,
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並且刪除了她們自己的檔案。
07:41
and deleted their profiles.
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07:43
And so when the teacher logged in,
there was nothing there.
there was nothing there.
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因此當那個老師登入時， 裡面空無一物。
07:45
My point is, those identities,
they don't think about them the same way.
they don't think about them the same way.
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我要強調的是，那些身份， 他們不再以相同的方式思考身份了。
07:51
Identity is, especially when
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.
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尤其當你是個青少年時， 身份是充滿流動性的。
07:55
You have lots of identities.
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你擁有許多重身份。
07:56
And you can have an identity,
you don't like it,
you don't like it,
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如果其中有個身份你不喜歡，
07:59
because it's subverted in some way,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,
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因為它在某些方面被腐壞， 或是不安全、不得當，
你就可以刪除它， 並且獲得一個新的身份。
08:02
you just delete it and get another one.
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08:04
The idea that you have an identity
that's given to you by someone,
that's given to you by someone,
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這種你的身份來自他人授予的觀念，
08:08
the government or whatever,
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不論是來自政府或是誰，
08:09
and you have to stick with that identity
and use it in all places,
and use it in all places,
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你必須一直沿用那個身份 並且在所有場合使用它，
08:11
that's absolutely wrong.
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這個觀念大錯特錯。
08:12
Why would you want to really know
who someone was on Facebook,
who someone was on Facebook,
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你為什麼會想知道 臉書上某個人究竟是誰呢？
08:15
unless you wanted to abuse them
and harass them in some way?
and harass them in some way?
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除非你是想用某種方式 虐待或是騷擾他們？
這運作方式根本不合理。
08:18
And it just doesn't work properly.
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08:21
And my fourth example is
there are some cases
there are some cases
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我的第四個例子是，某些情況下，
08:23
where you really want to be -
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你真的很想成為——
08:26
In case you're wondering,
that's me at the G20 protest.
that's me at the G20 protest.
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你可能在好奇這幅圖， 這是我在G20的抗議活動上。
08:29
I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,
but I had a meeting at a bank
but I had a meeting at a bank
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我並沒有真的參與G20抗議活動， 但我在一家銀行有個會議，
08:33
on the day of the G20 protest,
and I got an email from the bank
and I got an email from the bank
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就在G20抗議活動當天， 而我收到銀行的一封郵件，
08:36
saying please don't wear a suit,
because it'll inflame the protesters.
because it'll inflame the protesters.
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說請不要穿正裝出席， 因為那會激怒示威者。
08:41
I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,
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說實話，我穿正裝挺好看的，
08:43
so you can see why it would drive them
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所以你就會明白，
為什麼這會讓他們 陷入反對資本主義的狂熱中。
08:44
into an anti-capitalist frenzy.
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（笑聲）
08:46
(Laughter)
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08:46
So I thought, well, look.
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所以我就想，你看，
08:47
If I don't want to inflame the protesters,
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如果我不想激怒示威者的話，
08:50
the obvious thing to do
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顯然我要做的事情
08:51
is go dressed as a protester.
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就是穿得像示威者一樣。
所以我一襲黑衫就出發了，
08:53
So I went dressed completely in black,
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08:55
you know, with a black balaclava,
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帶著一頂巴拉克拉法帽，
08:57
I had black gloves on,
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我還戴了黑手套，
08:57
but I've taken them off
to sign the visitor's book.
to sign the visitor's book.
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但在訪問者名單上簽名時 我把黑手套脫了。
（笑聲）
08:59
(Laughter)
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09:00
I'm wearing black trousers, black boots,
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我穿了黑褲子，黑靴子，
09:02
I'm dressed completely in black.
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全身上下都是黑色。
09:03
I go into the bank at 10 o'clock,
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我10點鐘走進銀行，
09:04
go, "Hi, I'm Dave Birch,
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說道，「嗨，我是戴維•波奇，
09:05
I've got a 3 o'clock
with so and so there."
with so and so there."
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我3點鐘和某某人有個會議。」
09:07
Sure. They sign me in.
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沒問題。他們就簽我進去了。
09:08
There's my visitor's badge.
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這是我的訪客胸牌。
09:11
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:12
So this nonsense
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所以這些胡言亂語說，
09:13
about you've got to have real names
on Facebook and whatever,
on Facebook and whatever,
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你必須在臉書 和其他社交網路上用真名，
09:15
that gets you that kind of security.
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會給你帶來安全。
09:17
That gets you security theater,
where there's no actual security,
where there's no actual security,
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那樣做會帶你進入一個安全大廳， 而那裡世界上毫無安全可言，
09:22
but people are sort of playing parts
in a play about security.
in a play about security.
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但人們似乎在一出關於安全的戲中 扮演著各自的角色。
09:25
And as long as
everybody learns their lines,
everybody learns their lines,
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只要每個人都記得他們的臺詞，
09:26
everyone's happy.
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每個人都會滿意。
09:28
But it's not real security.
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但那並非真正的安全。
09:31
Especially because I hate banks
more than the G20 protesters do,
more than the G20 protesters do,
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尤其因為我本人比G20抗議者們 更加討厭銀行，
09:34
because I work for them.
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因為我就在銀行供職。
09:35
I know that things are actually worse
than these guys think.
than these guys think.
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我知道事情其實比這些人 想的還要糟糕。
09:38
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:41
But suppose I worked
next to somebody in a bank
next to somebody in a bank
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但假設一下，我在銀行工作時， 身邊的那位同事
09:46
who was doing something.
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正在做某件事。
假設我正坐在一個流氓交易員旁邊，
09:56
Suppose I was sitting
next to a rogue trader,
next to a rogue trader,
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09:58
and I want to report it
to the boss of the bank.
to the boss of the bank.
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我想把這個人報告給銀行老闆。
10:01
So I log on to do
a little bit of whistleblowing.
a little bit of whistleblowing.
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所以我登上網路，打算告密。
10:02
I send a message,
this guy's a rogue trader.
this guy's a rogue trader.
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我發送了一條訊息， 這傢伙是個流氓交易員。
10:05
That message is meaningless
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這條消息毫無意義，
10:06
if you don't know
that I'm a trader at the bank.
that I'm a trader at the bank.
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如果你不知道我是 這家銀行的交易員的話。
10:09
If that message just comes from anybody,
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如果那條訊息只是來自不知名的某人，
那麼它的信息價值為零。
10:11
it has zero information value.
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10:14
There's no point in sending that message.
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發送那條訊息毫無意義。
10:18
But if I have to prove who I am,
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但如果我必須證明自己是誰，
10:21
I'll never send that message.
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我永遠不會發送那條訊息。
這就像是醫院裡的護士 要告發一個喝醉了酒的手術醫生。
10:22
It's just like the nurse in the hospital
reporting the drunk surgeon.
reporting the drunk surgeon.
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10:26
That message will only happen
if I'm anonymous.
if I'm anonymous.
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只有當我匿名的情況下， 這條訊息才會被發送出去。
10:29
So the system has to have ways
of providing anonymity there,
of providing anonymity there,
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所以體系必須擁有 能夠提供匿名的方式，
10:34
otherwise we don't get
where we want to get to.
where we want to get to.
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否則我們無法達成自己的目的。
因此就有了四大問題。 那麼我們對此該怎麼辦呢？
10:36
So four issues.
So what are we going to do about it?
So what are we going to do about it?
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10:39
Well, what we tend to do about it
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我們對此傾向於做的，
10:43
is we think about Orwell space.
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是思考一下奧威爾空間。
10:46
And we try to make electronic versions
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我們試著製作電子版本，
10:49
of the identity card
that we got rid of in 1953.
that we got rid of in 1953.
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以用於我們1953年銷燬的身份證。
10:51
So we think if we had a card,
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我們認為，如果我們當時有張卡，
10:54
call it a Facebook login,
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稱它為臉書登入卡，
10:55
which proves who you are,
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能用它證明你的身份，
10:57
and I make you carry it all the time,
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1867
而我讓你隨身攜帶這張卡，
10:58
that solves the problem.
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794
那就能解決問題了。
10:59
And of course, for all those reasons
I've just outlined,
I've just outlined,
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當然啦，出於我剛才 羅列出的種種原因，
11:01
it doesn't, and it might, actually,
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它並不能真的解決問題， 實際上，它可能會
11:02
make some problems worse.
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讓一些問題變得更糟。
11:03
The more times you're forced
to use your real identity,
to use your real identity,
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你越頻繁地被逼著 使用自己的真實身份，
11:06
certainly in transactional terms,
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當然是在交易過程中，
11:09
the more likely that identity
is to get stolen and subverted.
is to get stolen and subverted.
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你的身份越有可能被偷竊和摧毀。
解決問題的目標是 阻止人們不要使用自己的身份，
11:11
The goal is to stop people
from using identity
from using identity
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11:14
in transactions which don't need identity,
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當那些交易並不需要身份認證時，
11:16
which is actually almost all transactions.
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而那其實適用於幾乎所有交易。
11:18
Almost all of the transactions you do
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2273
你所做出的幾乎所有交易，
11:21
are not, who are you?
287
669177
1664
並不是在於，「你是誰？」
11:22
They're, are you allowed to drive the car,
288
670865
2110
而是在於，你能不能開那輛車，
11:24
are you allowed in the building,
289
672999
1524
你是否被允許進入那幢大樓，
你是否年滿 18 歲，
11:26
are you over 18,
290
674547
833
諸如此類。
11:27
etcetera, etcetera.
291
675404
2091
11:29
So my suggestion-I, like James,
292
677519
1807
所以我的建議是——正如詹姆斯一樣，
我認為重拾研究與創新
11:31
think that there should be
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
a resurgence of interest in R & D.
293
679350
3137
11:34
I think this is a solvable problem.
294
682511
761
我認為這是一個可以解決的問題。
11:35
It's something we can do about.
295
683296
1796
我們能夠對此做些什麼。
11:37
Naturally, in these circumstances,
296
685116
1924
自然而然，在那些情況下，
11:39
I turn to Doctor Who.
297
687064
1350
我會向「神秘博士」求助，
11:40
Because in this,
298
688438
2112
因為在這部劇中，
11:42
as in so many other walks of life,
299
690574
1620
正如在生活的各行各業中，
神秘博士早已告訴過我們答案。
11:44
Doctor Who has already shown
us the answer.
us the answer.
300
692218
2929
11:47
So I should say,
301
695171
790
因此我應該說，
11:47
for some of our foreign visitors,
302
695985
2307
對於我們某些外國訪客而言，
11:50
Doctor Who is the greatest
living scientist in England,
living scientist in England,
303
698316
3830
「神秘博士」是英格蘭 在世的科學家中最偉大的，
11:54
(Laughter)
304
702170
1553
（笑聲）
11:55
and a beacon of truth and enlightenment
to all of us.
to all of us.
305
703747
2776
是指明真相的燈塔， 是我們所有人的啟示。
11:58
And this is Doctor Who
with his psychic paper.
with his psychic paper.
306
706547
4046
而這位就是神秘博士， 手握著他的特異功能紙。
12:02
Come on, you guys must have seen
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
Doctor Who's psychic paper.
307
710617
2146
你們肯定見過神秘博士的 特異功能紙的嘛。
12:04
You're not nerds if you say yes.
308
712787
1976
不然你們怎麼證明你們是書呆子呢。
12:06
Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?
309
714787
2112
誰見過神秘博士的特異功能紙？
12:08
Oh right, you were in the library
the whole time studying I guess.
the whole time studying I guess.
310
716923
2406
好吧，我猜你可能 一直都在圖書館裡學習。
12:11
Is that what you're going to tell us?
311
719353
2046
你是不是要這麼告訴我們？
12:13
Doctor Who's psychic paper
312
721423
1238
神秘博士的特異功能紙是
12:14
is when you hold up the psychic paper,
313
722685
2096
當你舉起這張紙時，
12:16
the person, in their brain,
314
724805
1514
這個人，在他們的大腦中，
12:18
sees the thing that they need to see.
315
726343
2325
會看到他們需要看見的東西。
12:20
So I want to show you a British passport,
316
728692
2335
我想要給大家展示一張英國護照，
12:23
I hold up the psychic paper,
317
731051
1002
我舉起這張特異功能紙，
12:24
you see a British passport.
318
732077
1456
你就會看見一張英國護照。
12:25
I want to get into a party,
319
733557
1772
我想參加一個派對，
12:27
I hold up the psychic paper,
320
735353
1583
我便舉起特異功能紙，
12:28
I show you a party invitation.
321
736960
1429
然後就會出現一張派對邀請函。
你會看到你想看到的東西。
12:30
You see what you want to see.
322
738413
2051
12:32
So what I'm saying is we need
to make an electronic version of that,
to make an electronic version of that,
323
740488
3191
我要說的是，我們需要 把這個過程電子化，
但有一個小小的變化，
12:35
but with one tiny, tiny change,
324
743703
2173
12:37
which is that it'll only show you
the British passport
the British passport
325
745900
2572
那就是它會為你提供英國護照，
如果你的確有一張。
12:40
if I've actually got one.
326
748496
1192
12:41
It'll only show you the party invitation
327
749712
1195
它會為你提供派對邀請函，
12:42
if I actually have one.
328
750931
1373
如果你的確有一份。
12:44
It will only show you that I'm over 18
if I actually am over 18.
if I actually am over 18.
329
752328
3000
它會展示我已年滿十八歲， 如果我的確已年滿十八歲。
沒有其它資訊。
12:47
But nothing else.
330
755352
2300
12:49
So you're the bouncer at the pub,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
you need to know that I'm over 18,
331
757676
4751
你是這間酒吧的保安， 需要知道我是否年滿十八，
12:54
instead of showing you my driving license,
332
762451
2000
我並不需要想你出示我的駕駛證，
因為那樣就告訴你我會開車，
12:56
which shows you I know how to drive,
333
764475
1817
12:58
what my name is, my address,
all these kind of things,
all these kind of things,
334
766316
2572
還告訴了你我的姓名、住址 以及其他這類型細節，
我向你展示我的特異功能紙，
13:00
I show you my psychic paper,
335
768912
1555
13:02
and all it tells you is
am I over 18 or not.
am I over 18 or not.
336
770491
3142
它告訴你的唯一信息就是 我是否已年滿十八歲。
13:05
Right.
337
773657
1412
沒錯。
13:07
Is that just a pipe dream?
338
775093
1314
那樣的想法只是個白日夢嗎？
13:08
Of course not, otherwise
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
I wouldn't be here talking to you.
339
776431
1669
當然不是啦，不然我不可能 站在這裡為你們演講。
13:10
So in order to build that
and make it work,
and make it work,
340
778124
3060
為了製造出這個東西， 並讓它能夠正常運作，
13:13
I'm only going to name these things,
I'll not go into them,
I'll not go into them,
341
781208
2747
我會告訴大家所需要的東西有哪些， 但我就不具體解釋了，
13:15
we need a plan,
342
783979
1153
我們需要一個計劃，
13:17
which is we're going to build this
343
785156
1225
也就是，我們要把這個東西造出來，
13:18
as an infrastructure for everybody to use,
344
786405
2000
作為基礎設施以供所有人使用，
來解決這樣或那樣的問題。
13:20
to solve all of these problems.
345
788429
1830
13:22
We're going to make a utility,
346
790283
2024
我們要製造出一種功用，
13:24
the utility has to be universal,
347
792331
1524
這種功用必須是普遍的，
13:25
you can use it everywhere,
348
793879
859
你隨處都可以使用它，
13:26
I'm just giving you little flashes
of the technology as we go along.
of the technology as we go along.
349
794762
3191
我會提供大家關於 這項技術的一些閃回，
那是一台日本自動提款機，
13:29
That's a Japanese ATM,
350
797977
1359
13:31
the fingerprint template
is stored inside the mobile phone.
is stored inside the mobile phone.
351
799360
3084
指紋模板安裝在移動電話內部。
13:34
So when you want to draw money out,
352
802468
963
當你想要取出現金時，
13:35
you put the mobile phone on the ATM,
353
803455
1473
你將移動電話放在自動提款機上，
13:36
and touch your finger,
354
804952
1241
然後觸碰你的指尖，
13:38
your fingerprint goes through
to the phone,
to the phone,
355
806217
2048
你的指紋就會被移動電話獲取，
然後電話會確認取款人身份，
13:40
the phone says yes, that's whoever,
356
808289
1667
自動提款機就會給你些錢。
13:41
and the ATM then gives you some money.
357
809980
2180
13:44
It has to be a utility
that you can use everywhere.
that you can use everywhere.
358
812184
3013
它必須是一項 你可以隨處使用的功用。
13:47
It has to be absolutely convenient,
359
815221
1762
它必須相當便捷，
13:49
that's me going into the pub.
360
817007
3143
那就是我走進酒吧的時候。
13:52
All the device on the door
of the pub is allowed is,
of the pub is allowed is,
361
820174
2769
酒吧大門的裝置所允許的
13:54
is this person over 18
and not barred from the pub?
and not barred from the pub?
362
822967
3649
是審核這個人是否年滿十八歲， 並沒有被禁止進入酒吧。
13:58
And so the idea is,
you touch your ID card to the door,
you touch your ID card to the door,
363
826640
3306
所以這個想法就是， 你用身份證輕觸大門，
14:01
and if I am allowed in,
it shows my picture,
it shows my picture,
364
829970
1935
如果我被允許入內， 它就是展示我的照片，
14:03
if I'm not allowed in,
it shows a red cross.
it shows a red cross.
365
831929
1437
如果我不被允許入內， 它就會顯示一道紅叉叉。
14:05
It doesn't disclose any other information.
366
833390
1591
它不會揭露其它任何信息。
14:07
It has to have no special gadgets.
367
835005
1888
它必須沒有任何特殊配件。
14:08
That can only mean one thing,
368
836917
1611
那就只意味著一件事，
14:10
following on from Ross's statement,
369
838552
1667
接著羅斯的聲明往下說，
我完全同意其中的觀點，
14:12
which I agree with completely.
370
840243
1454
14:13
If it means no special gadgets,
371
841721
1088
如果它意味著沒有特殊配件，
14:14
it has to run on a mobile phone.
372
842833
1350
那它就必須在手機上運行。
14:16
That's the only choice we have,
373
844207
1079
那是我們擁有的唯一選擇，
14:17
we have to make it work on mobile phones.
374
845310
1855
我須讓它能夠 在移動手機上運行。
14:19
There are 6.6 billion
375
847189
910
全球有 66 億份
14:20
mobile phone subscriptions.
376
848123
900
手機註冊業務。
14:21
My favorite statistic of all time,
377
849047
2012
我一直以來最喜歡的數據就是，
14:23
only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.
378
851083
1953
這世界上只有 40 億枝牙刷。
這有一定的意義，
14:25
That means something,
379
853060
1035
14:26
I don't know what.
380
854119
1233
我並不知道意義到底是什麼。
（笑聲）
14:27
(Laughter)
381
855376
354
14:27
I rely on our futurologists to tell me.
382
855754
3439
我得指望未來學家告訴我。
14:31
It has to be a utility
which is extensible.
which is extensible.
383
859217
1686
它必須是一項可延展的功用。
14:32
So it has to be something
384
860927
1261
因此它必須是
任何人都能夠組建的一項功用。
14:34
that anybody could build on.
385
862212
1566
14:35
Anybody should be able
to use this infrastructure,
to use this infrastructure,
386
863802
1864
任何人都應該能夠使用這項基礎設施，
14:37
you don't need permissions,
licenses, whatever,
licenses, whatever,
387
865690
2430
你不需要許可或是執照之類的東西，
14:40
anyone should be able
to write some code to do this.
to write some code to do this.
388
868144
3167
任何人都應當能夠寫一些代碼， 來做到這一點。
14:45
You know what symmetry is,
389
873176
1241
你知道對稱性的含義，
14:46
so you don't need a picture of it.
390
874441
2323
因此也就不需要看圖才能理解。
14:48
This is how we're going to do it.
391
876788
1140
所以我們要這樣做。
14:49
We're going to do it using phones,
392
877952
1010
我們要用手機來實現這個目標，
而且我們要用移動感應來實現。
14:50
and we're going to do it
393
878986
602
14:51
using mobile proximity.
394
879612
1132
14:52
I'm going to suggest to you
395
880768
1112
我要向大家建議，
14:53
the technology to implement
396
881904
1312
用以實現神秘博士的特異功能紙
14:55
Doctor Who's psychic paper
397
883240
1262
所需要的科技早已被人類獲得，
14:56
is already here, and if any of you
398
884526
1620
而如果你們當中任何人
擁有巴克萊銀行新發行的借記卡，
14:58
have got one of the new
Barclay's debit cards
Barclay's debit cards
399
886170
2455
15:00
with the contactless interface on it,
400
888649
1205
上面有非接觸界面，
15:01
you've already got that technology.
401
889878
1667
你已經獲得了那項科技。
如果你曾去到過大城市，
15:03
If you've ever been up to the big city,
402
891569
1900
15:05
and used an Oyster card at all,
403
893493
1477
曾用過交通卡，
這讓大家想起什麼了嗎？
15:06
does that ring any bells to anybody?
404
894994
2071
15:09
The technology already exists.
405
897089
722
這項科技早已存在。
15:09
The first phones
406
897835
1366
第一批包含這項科技的手機，
15:11
that have the technology built in,
407
899225
606
15:11
the Google Nexus, the S2,
408
899855
2275
谷歌的 Nexus, S2 型號，
15:14
the Samsung Wifi 7.9,
409
902154
685
三星的無線 7.9 型號，
15:14
the first phones that have
410
902863
1468
第一批包含這項科技的手機，
15:16
the technology built into them
411
904355
1068
15:17
are already in the shops.
412
905447
810
早期在商店中出售。
15:18
So the idea that the gas man
413
906281
1688
所以一個煤氣工人
15:19
can turn up at my mom's door
414
907993
2168
能出現在我媽媽家門口，
15:22
and he can show my mom his phone,
415
910185
2178
他可以向我媽媽出示他的手機，
15:24
and she can tap it with her phone,
416
912387
1311
然後她可以用它輕觸自己的手機，
15:25
and it will come up with green
if he really is from British Gas
if he really is from British Gas
417
913722
2283
手機就會出現綠色標識， 如果此人的確來自英國煤氣公司的話，
15:28
and allowed in,
418
916029
1188
他也就會被允許入內，
15:29
and it'll come up with red if he isn't,
419
917241
1646
而如果他不是來自煤氣公司， 則會顯示紅色，
15:30
end of story.
420
918911
586
就這麼簡單。
15:31
We have the technology to do that.
421
919521
1826
我們擁有達成這個目標所需的科技。
15:33
And what's more,
422
921371
1211
不僅如此，
15:34
although some of those things
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,
423
922606
2121
儘管那其中有些事聽起來很反常，
15:36
like proving I'm over 18
without proving who I am,
without proving who I am,
424
924751
2764
比如不需要證明我是誰 就能夠證明我年滿十八歲，
15:39
the cryptography to do that
not only exists,
not only exists,
425
927539
2201
能夠做到這一點的密碼學不僅存在，
15:41
it's extremely well-known
and well-understood.
and well-understood.
426
929764
2205
而且十分著名，並已被深刻理解。
15:43
Digital signatures, the blinding
of public key certificates,
of public key certificates,
427
931993
2631
數位簽名，和公共密鑰加密，
15:46
these technologies have been around
for a while,
for a while,
428
934648
1720
這些科技都已被應用一段時間了，
15:48
we've just had no way
of packaging them up.
of packaging them up.
429
936392
2048
我們只是沒有辦法 將它們全部結合起來。
所以這項科技的確存在。
15:50
So the technology already exists.
430
938464
2693
15:53
We know it works,
431
941181
3664
我們知道它可以正常運作。
15:56
There are a few examples
of the technology being used
of the technology being used
432
944869
1724
有少數例子中，這項科技
在實驗環境下被使用。
15:58
in experimental places.
433
946617
1646
16:00
That's London Fashion Week,
434
948287
1304
那是倫敦時裝週，
16:01
where we built a system with O2,
435
949615
1850
我們用 O2 搭建了一個系統，
16:03
that's for the Wireless Festival
in Hyde Park,
in Hyde Park,
436
951489
2743
那是為海德公園舉辦的無線節研發的，
16:06
you can see the persons
437
954256
1099
你可以看到那些人
16:07
walking in with their VIP band,
438
955379
1737
帶著他們的 VIP 卡走進來。
它正在被檢查，
16:09
it's just being checked
439
957140
460
16:09
by the Nokia phone
that's reading the band.
that's reading the band.
440
957624
1076
用那隻正在讀取卡的諾基亞手機。
16:10
I'm only putting those up to show you
441
958724
1674
我把這些內容放上來， 是為了向大家展示，
16:12
these things are prosaic,
442
960422
1205
這些東西都是很平凡的，
16:13
this stuff works in these environments.
443
961651
1858
這些東西能夠在這些環境中運行。
它們並不需要十分特別。
16:15
They don't need to be special.
444
963533
1429
最後，我知道你們能夠做到這一點，
16:16
So finally, I know that you can do this,
445
964986
5895
16:23
because if you saw
the episode of Doctor Who,
the episode of Doctor Who,
446
971789
2880
因為如果你看過神秘博士的那一集，
16:26
the Easter special of Doctor Who,
447
974693
1876
神秘博士的復活節特輯的話，
16:28
where he went to Mars in a bus,
448
976593
3352
他乘著公車去到火星，
16:31
I should say again
for our foreign students,
for our foreign students,
449
979969
1538
我要為在場的外國學生再解釋一遍，
16:33
that doesn't happen every episode.
450
981531
1649
並不是每一集都是這樣的。
16:35
This was a very special case.
451
983204
1447
這是個非常特殊的例子。
16:36
So in the episode where
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
he goes to Mars in a London bus,
452
984675
3217
在他搭著倫敦公車 去火星的那一集里，
16:39
I can't show you the clip,
453
987916
1649
我無法為大家播放這個片段，
16:41
due to the outrageous restrictions
of Queen Anne-style copyright
of Queen Anne-style copyright
454
989589
3000
由於安妮皇后一般 殘暴嚴格的版權限制，
都怪BBC，
16:44
by the BBC,
455
992613
1869
16:46
but in the episode
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,
456
994506
2715
但在他搭著倫敦公車 去火星的那一集里，
我們可以很清楚的看到， 神秘博士上車時，
16:49
Doctor Who is clearly shown
getting on to the bus
getting on to the bus
457
997245
4110
16:53
with the Oyster card reader
458
1001379
1276
他在交通卡讀取器上
16:54
using his psychic paper.
459
1002679
1544
使用了特異功能紙。
16:56
Which proves that psychic paper
460
1004247
2068
這就證明了特異功能紙
16:58
has an MSE interface.
461
1006339
1691
擁有移動用戶設置接口。
17:00
Thank you very much.
462
1008054
2010
非常感謝大家。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Birch - Digital money and identity consultantDavid Birch is a digital money and ID consultant paving the way for a 21st-century identity.
Why you should listen
David G.W. Birch is a Director of Consult Hyperion, an electronic identity and transactions consultant. He is the Chairman of the annual Digital Money Forum and Digital Identity Forum in London and he has written for several publications including more than a hundred Second Sight columns for The Guardian newspaper. In 2007, he published Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications under Gower Publishing Ltd. He hosts the Consult Hyperion podcast -- conversations with identity and digital transaction experts.
David Birch | Speaker | TED.com