TED2013
Kate Stone: DJ decks made of ... paper
凯特·斯通: 凯特·斯通: 纸质DJ台
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“我喜欢纸张，也喜欢技术”， 物理学家凯特 斯通这样说。 想知道究竟如何将技术与纸张结合吗？那不妨让我一起走进这位“疯狂”科学家的神奇世界吧。
Kate Stone - Shepherd of electrons
At Novalia, Kate Stone and her team use ordinary printing presses to manufacture interactive electronics, which combine touch-sensitive ink technology and printed circuits into unique and cost-effective products. Full bio
At Novalia, Kate Stone and her team use ordinary printing presses to manufacture interactive electronics, which combine touch-sensitive ink technology and printed circuits into unique and cost-effective products. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I love paper, and I love technology,
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我热爱纸张，我也热爱技术。
00:16
and what I do is I make paper interactive.
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我做的就是让纸张具有交互性（通过技术）。
00:19
And that's what I say when people ask me what I do,
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当别人问我做什么工作时，我一般就这样回答。
00:22
but it really confuses most people,
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但是，这令人费解，
00:24
so really, the best way for me to convey it
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因此实际上，对我来说，描述我工作最好的方式是：
00:26
is to take the technology and be creative
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使用技术，非常有创意，打造全新体验。
00:29
and create experiences.
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于是，我尝试着去想，在这儿我可以用些什么。
00:31
So I tried to think what I could use for here,
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00:33
and a couple of weeks ago I had a crazy idea
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几个星期前，我有了一个疯狂的想法。
00:35
that I wanted to print two DJ decks
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我想打印两张DJ台，
00:39
and to try and mix some music.
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而且尝试着混合一些音乐。
00:42
And I'm going to try and show that at the end,
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我打算在最后展示这个。
00:44
and the suspense will be as much mine if it works.
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如果这个凑效，悬念就会如我所预期的那样。
00:47
And I'm not a DJ, and I'm not a musician,
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我不是DJ，我也不是什么搞音乐的人。
00:50
so I'm a little bit scared of that.
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因此我对此有一点点的担心。
00:53
So I think, I found the best way to describe my journey
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我想，描述我的人生之旅的最佳方式是说说我过去生活中发生的几件小事。
00:58
is just to mention a few little things
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01:00
that have happened to me throughout my life.
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01:02
There's three particular things that I've done,
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我做过3件比较特别的事情。
01:04
and I'll just describe those first,
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首先，我会先讲讲这几件事，
01:06
and then talk about some of my work.
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然后介绍一下我的工作。
01:08
So when I was a kid, I was obsessed with wires,
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当我还是一个小孩的时候，我对电线非常得痴迷。
我常常将电线藏在地毯下面，
01:11
and I used to thread them under my carpet
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01:14
and thread them behind the walls
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或者将它们藏在墙后，
01:16
and have little switches and little speakers,
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我还有一些小开关和小扬声器，
01:18
and I wanted to make my bedroom be interactive
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我希望不着痕迹地让我的卧室变得非常有交互性。
01:21
but kind of all hidden away.
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01:23
And I was also really interested in wireless as well.
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我对无线电也非常感兴趣。
01:27
So I bought one of those little kits that you could get
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所以我买了些大家都买得到的元件，做了一个无线电发送器。
01:29
to make a radio transmitter,
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01:31
and I got an old book and I carved out the inside
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然后，我找了一本旧书，把里面挖空，把那个无线电发送器藏在书里，
01:34
and I hid it inside there,
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01:36
and then I placed it next to my dad
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然后把它放到我老爸旁边，
01:38
and snuck back to my bedroom and tuned in on the radio
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最后悄悄溜回我的卧室，打开收音机。
01:42
so I could eavesdrop.
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这样，我就可以偷听。
01:44
I was not at all interested in what he was saying.
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其实，我对他说什么并不感兴趣，
01:46
It's more that I just liked the idea
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我更多的只是喜欢这个点子：在日用品里藏一些东西
01:48
of an everyday object
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01:50
having something inside
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做一些不同的事情。
01:51
and doing something different.
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01:55
Several year later,
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几年以后，
01:56
I managed to successfully fail all of my exams
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我成功得挂掉了我所有考试，
02:00
and didn't really leave school with much to show for at all,
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而且没有真的离开学校来证实这一点。
02:04
and my parents, maybe as a reward,
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我的父母，也许是作为奖励，
02:08
bought me what turned out to be
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给我买了一张最后发现是单程的去澳大利亚的机票。
02:10
a one-way ticket to Australia,
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我大概四年后才回家。
02:11
and I came back home about four years later.
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02:15
I ended up on a farm in the middle of nowhere.
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我最终到了一个偏远的农场。
02:19
It was in far western New South Wales.
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这个农场坐落在新南威尔士州的西部，
02:21
And this farm was 120,000 acres.
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占地面积达12 万亩，
02:24
There were 22,000 sheep,
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那儿有 22,000 只羊，
02:26
and it was about 40 degrees,
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温度大概在 40 度左右，
02:28
or 100 or so Fahrenheit.
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相当于华氏温度100度左右。
02:30
And on this farm there was the farmer, his wife,
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那里住着农场主、他的妻子、
02:33
and there was the four-year-old daughter.
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还有他们四岁的女儿，
02:36
And they kind of took me into the farm
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他们把我带进农场。
02:39
and showed me what it was like to live and work.
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有点想让我看看生活和工作是什么样子。
02:42
Obviously, one of the most important things was the sheep,
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很明显，在这里，最重要的事情之一就是羊，
02:44
and so my job was, well, pretty much to do everything,
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所以我的工作是，嗯，差不多要做的一切，
02:47
but it was about bringing the sheep back to the homestead.
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就是把羊带回农庄。
02:51
And we'd do that by building fences,
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我们将通过建立围栏、
02:53
using motorbikes and horses,
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使用摩托车和马匹，
02:55
and the sheep would make their way all the way back
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而羊只想着一路回到相应季节的剪毛棚里。
02:58
to the shearing shed for the different seasons.
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03:01
And what I learned was,
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我自己学到的就是，
03:03
although at the time, like everyone else,
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虽然当时，像别人一样，
03:05
I thought sheep were pretty stupid
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我以为羊非常傻，
03:07
because they didn't do what we wanted them to do,
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因为它们没做我们想让它们做的事情。
03:09
what I realize now, probably only just in the last few weeks
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我现在意识到，大概只是在过去的几个星期，
03:12
looking back, is the sheep weren't stupid at all.
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回头一想，羊群一点都不蠢。
03:14
We'd put them in an environment where they didn't want to be,
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我们想把他们赶到它们不喜欢的环境里。
03:16
and they didn't want to do what we wanted them to do.
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它们不想做我们想让它们做的事情。
03:19
So the challenge was to try and get them
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因此，面临的挑战是要试着让它们
03:21
to do what we wanted them to do
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做我们想要他们做的，
03:22
by listening to the weather, the lay of the land,
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通过观察天气、地形，
03:25
and creating things that would let the sheep flow
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做一些东西使羊群走向我们想让它们去的地方。
03:28
and go where we wanted them to go.
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03:31
Another bunch of years later,
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更多的一些年之后，
03:33
I ended up at Cambridge University
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我到英国剑桥大学的卡文迪什实验室攻读物理学博士。
03:35
at the Cavendish Laboratory in the U.K.
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03:37
doing a Ph.D. in physics.
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03:39
My Ph.D. was to move electrons around, one at a time.
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我的博士课题是一次移动一个电子。
03:44
And I realize — again, it's kind of these realizations
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我意识到 — — 又是这种认识
03:47
looking back as to what I did —
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回望过去，看看自己做过些什么 — —
03:49
I realize now that it was pretty much the same
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我现在意识到这其实和移动羊群差不多。
03:52
as moving sheep around.
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03:54
It really is.
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真的。
03:56
It's just you do it by changing an environment.
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你要做的只是不断变化环境。
03:59
And that's kind of been a big lesson to me,
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对我来说，这一直都是一个重要的经验，
04:01
that you can't act on any object.
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你不能作用在任何对象上。
04:02
You change its environment, and the object will flow.
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你只能改变它的环境，从而让对象自然的流动。
04:05
So we made it very small,
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所以我们将东西做得很小
04:07
so things were about 30 nanometers in size;
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约 30 纳米，
04:10
making it very cold, so at liquid helium temperatures;
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使它温度很低，维持在液氦温度，
04:15
and changing environment by changing the voltage,
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同时通过改变电压来不断改变环境，
04:18
and the electrons could make flow around a loop
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从而电子就会循环绕流。
04:21
one at a time, on and off, a little memory node.
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一次，打开和关闭，一个小小的内存节点。
04:24
And I wanted to go one step further,
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我想要更进一步，
04:26
and I wanted to move one electron on
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我想要同时让一个电子动，另一个不动。
04:28
and one electron off.
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04:30
And I was told that I wouldn't be able to do this,
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当时，人们和我说，这事不可能。
04:33
which, you know, as we've heard from other people,
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你也知道，这种别人都说不可能的事，恰是你要做的事情。
04:35
that's the thing that makes you do it.
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04:36
And I was determined, and I managed to show that I could do that.
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我决心已下，而且最终证明我能做这件事。
04:40
And a lot of that learning, I think,
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很多这样的教训，我想，
04:42
came from being on that farm,
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正是来自那个农场。
04:43
because when I was working on the farm,
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因为当我在农场工作时，
04:45
we'd have to use what was around us,
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我们要善于利用我们身边的事物，
04:47
we'd have to use the environment,
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我们要善于利用环境。
04:49
and there was no such thing
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没有事情是不到的。
04:51
as something can't be done,
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04:52
because you're in an environment where,
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因为你身处的环境是：
04:54
if you can't do what you need to do,
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如果你不能做你要做的，
04:57
you can die, and, you know,
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你就活不下去，你知道，
04:58
I had seen that sort of thing happen.
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我看过这样事发生。
05:02
So now my obsession is printing,
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现在，我痴迷于印刷，
05:05
and I'm really fascinated by the idea
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有个创意让我非常着迷，
05:07
of using conventional printing processes,
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这个创意是：使用传统的印刷工艺，
05:10
so the types of print that are used to create
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也就是使用这种可以用来创建我们身边很多东西的打印机，
05:13
many of the things around us
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05:14
to make paper and card interactive.
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来使纸张和卡片具有互动性。
05:18
When I spoke to some printers when I started doing this
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我对某些打印商说我开始做这个，
05:20
and told them what I wanted to do,
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并告诉他们我想做的，
05:21
which was to print conductive inks onto paper,
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我想打印导电油墨到纸上，
05:24
they told me it couldn't be done,
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他们告诉我这行不通。
05:25
again, that kind of favorite thing.
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再次，让人喜欢的事情。
05:27
So I got about 10 credit cards and loans
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我用了10 张信用卡和贷款，
05:32
and got myself very close to bankruptcy, really,
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几近破产，真的，
05:36
and bought myself this huge printing press,
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买了这个巨大的印刷机，
05:38
which I had no idea how to use at all.
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当时我还完全不知道如何使用它。
05:40
It was about five meters long,
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它大约五米长，
05:41
and I covered myself and the floor with ink
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地板上和身上被我弄得全是墨水，
05:44
and made a massive mess, but I learned to print.
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整个一团糟，但最终我学会了怎么打印。
05:47
And then I took it back to the printers and showed them what I've done,
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我拿着我做的给那些打印商看，
05:49
and they were like, "Of course you can do that.
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他们又说：”你当然可以这样做，
05:51
Why didn't you come here in the first place?"
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你为什么不先来这儿?"
05:54
That's always the case.
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事情总是这样。
05:57
So what we do is we take conventional printing presses,
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我们做的事情是使用传统打印机，
06:01
we make conductive inks,
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制作导电油墨，
06:03
and run those through a press, and basically
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并将导电油墨打印到纸上，
06:06
just letting hundreds of thousands of electrons flow
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基本上，我们只是让成千上万的电子流过纸张。
06:09
through pieces of paper
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06:11
so we can make that paper interactive.
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从而，使得纸张具有互动性。
06:13
And it's pretty simple, really.
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其实这相当简单。
06:14
It's just a collection of things that have been done before,
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这只是一个许多已做过事情的集合。
06:17
but bringing them together in a different way.
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只不过聚集的方式与以往不同。
06:19
So we have a piece of paper with conductive ink on,
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一张带有导电油墨的纸，
06:22
and then add onto that a small circuit board with a couple of chips,
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再加上一个装着两个芯片的小型电路板，
06:27
one to run some capacitive touch software,
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其中一个芯片可以运行一些电容式触摸软件，
06:29
so we know where we've touched it,
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从而知道我们触碰的位置，
06:30
and the other to run, quite often,
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另一个芯片，很多时候，
06:33
some wireless software so the piece of paper can connect.
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运行一些无线软件来连接纸张。
06:37
So I'll just describe a couple of things that we've created.
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接下来，我将介绍几样我们做的东西。
06:40
There's lots of different things we've created.
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我们做了很多不同的东西。
06:42
This is one of them, because I love cake.
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这是其中之一，因为我爱蛋糕。
06:45
And this one, it's a large poster,
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这是一个大海报，
06:48
and you touch it and it has a little speaker behind it,
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你可以触碰它，
06:50
and the poster talks to you when you touch it
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它后面有个小喇叭， 当你碰触碰海报时， 海报就可以和你对话，
06:52
and asks you a series of questions,
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问你一系列的问题，
06:54
and it works out your perfect cake.
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并计算出属于你的完美蛋糕。
06:56
But it doesn't tell you the cake there and then.
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但它并不会当场告诉你蛋糕是怎样。
06:58
It uploads a picture,
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而是上载一张图片以及它为你选择那块蛋糕的原因到 Facebook 页面和 Twitter。
07:00
and the reason why it chose that cake for you,
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07:02
to our Facebook page and to Twitter.
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07:05
So we're trying to create that connection
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我们正尝试着建立物理世界与数字世界之间的连接，
07:08
between the physical and the digital,
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07:10
but have it not looking on a screen,
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但这个连接并不是通过屏幕，
07:12
and just looking like a regular poster.
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而是通过一个看似普通的海报。
07:15
We've worked with a bunch of universities on a project
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我们和几所大学合作过一个关于互动新闻报纸的项目。
07:20
looking at interactive newsprint.
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07:22
So for example, we've created a newspaper,
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比方说，我们制作了一份报纸，
07:24
a regular newspaper.
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一份很平常的报纸。
07:25
You can wear a pair of headphones that are connected to it wirelessly,
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你可以戴上一副无线连接到它的耳机。
07:28
and when you touch it, you can hear the music
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你触摸它，你就可以听到报纸上描述的却“读不到”的音乐。
07:31
that's described on the top, which is something you can't read.
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07:33
You can hear a press conference
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你能听一次新闻发布会，
07:36
as well as reading what the editor has determined
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同时读到编辑已确定的新闻发布会内容。
07:38
that press conference was about.
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07:40
And you can press a Facebook "like" button
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您可以按 Facebook"喜欢"按钮，
07:42
or you can vote on something as well.
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你也可以对一些东西投票。
07:45
Something else that we created,
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这儿还有一些我们制作的其它东西。
07:46
and this was an idea that I had a couple of years ago,
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这是我几年前的一个想法。
07:48
and so we've done a project on this.
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于是，我们做过一个关于这个项目。
07:49
It was for funding from the government
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这个项目由政府出资，
07:51
for user-centered design for energy-efficient buildings,
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以用户为中心设计的高效节能建筑。
07:55
difficult to say, and something I had no idea what it was
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这个很难说，有些东西，在刚进车间时，我完全不懂，
07:57
when I went into the workshop, but quickly learned.
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好在很快就学会了。
08:00
And we wanted to try and encourage people
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我们想试着鼓励人们更好地使用能源。
08:02
to use energy better.
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08:04
And I really liked the idea that, instead of looking at dials
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我真的很喜欢的想法，不是看着数字，
08:07
and reading things to say --
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阅读一些文字，— —看着您的能源使用情况，
08:10
looking at your energy usage,
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08:12
I wanted to create a poster that was wirelessly connected
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我想要制作一张以无线方式连接的海报，
08:15
and had color-changing inks on it,
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涂上可变色的油墨。
08:16
and so if your energy usage was trending better,
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所以如果您的能源使用情况趋向更好，
08:20
than the leaves would appear and the rabbits would appear
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海报上叶子就会出现，兔子也会出现，
08:22
and all would be good.
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一切都会好。
08:24
And if it wasn't, then there'd be graffiti
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如果情况相反，海报就会变得乱糟糟的，
08:26
and the leaves would fall off the trees.
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叶子会从树上落下来。
08:27
So it was trying to make you look after something
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所以，这是希望让人们照看好周围环境中的东西，
08:30
in your immediate environment,
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08:32
which you don't want to see not looking so good,
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那些你不想看上去不好的东西，
08:35
rather than expecting people to do things
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而不是去指望人们在当前环境下做一些事情，
08:37
in the local environment because of the effect
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仅仅因为其影响久远。
08:39
that it has a long way off.
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08:41
And I think, kind of like going back to the farm,
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我想，这有点像回到了那个农场。
08:43
it's about how to let people do what you want them to do
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如何让人们主动做你想要他们做的，
08:46
rather than making people do what you want them to do.
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而不迫使人们做你想要他们做的。
08:51
Okay.
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好吧。
08:52
So this is the bit I'm really scared of.
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到了我真的很害怕的部分。
08:55
So a couple of things I've created are,
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我做的几样东西。
08:57
there's a poster over here
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这里有一张海报，
08:59
that you can play drums on.
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你可以在这里打鼓。
我不是一个音乐家。
09:01
And I am not a musician. It seemed like a good idea at the time.
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当时似乎是个好主意。
09:06
If anyone wants to try and play drums, then they can.
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如果任何人想要试着玩打鼓，他们就可以。
09:08
I'll just describe how this works.
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我描述一下这个是如何工作的。
09:10
This poster is wirelessly connected to my cell phone,
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这张海报是以无线方式连接到我的手机。
09:14
and when you touch it, it connects to the app.
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当你拍打它时，它就会连接到手机上的应用。
09:17
(Drums)
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(鼓声)
09:25
And it has really good response time.
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它响应时间很短，
09:27
It's using Bluetooth 4, so it's pretty instantaneous.
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因为用的是蓝牙 4，所以几乎是实时的。
09:32
Okay. Thanks.
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好。谢谢。
09:34
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:39
And there's a couple of other things.
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还有几个其他东西。
09:40
So this one is like a sound board,
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这个看上去像一块声板，
09:43
so you can touch it, and I just love these horrible noises.
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你可以点击它，我喜欢这种可怕的噪音。
09:48
(Sirens, explosions, breaking glass)
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（爆炸、 打破玻璃，警笛）
09:55
Okay, and this is a D.J. turntable.
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好。这是一个DJ转盘。
09:58
So it's wirelessly linked to my iPad,
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它以无线的方式连接到我的 iPad。
10:01
and this is a software that's running on the iPad.
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这是一个在 iPad 运行的软件。
10:05
Oh, yes. I just love doing that.
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哦，是。我就喜欢做这些。
10:09
I'm not a D.J., though, but I just always wanted to do that.
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虽然我不是DJ，但我一直想干这个。
10:12
(Scratching)
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(挠)
10:14
So I have a crossfader, and I have the two decks.
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这有一个唱片平滑转换器，还有两个转台。
10:19
So I've made some new technology,
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我做了一些新的技术。
10:22
and I love things being creative,
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我喜欢有创意的事情，
10:23
and I love working with creative people.
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喜欢和有创意的人一起工作。
10:25
So my 15-year-old niece, she's amazing,
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我是五岁的侄女，她很棒，
10:28
and she's called Charlotte,
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她叫夏洛特。
10:29
and I asked her to record something,
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我让她录制了一些东西。
10:31
and I worked with a friend called Elliot
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我和我的朋友，埃利奥特，
10:33
to put some beats together.
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把一些打击声混在一起。
10:34
So this is my niece, Charlotte.
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这就是我的侄女，夏洛特。
10:36
(Music)
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（音乐）
11:10
Yay!
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耶 ！
11:12
(Applause)
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（掌声）
11:21
So that's pretty much what I do.
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这差不多就是我做的。
11:23
I just love bringing technology together,
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我只是热衷于将一些技术汇集在一起，
11:25
having a lot of fun, being creative.
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有趣，有创意。
11:27
But it's not about the technology.
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我想要的并不是技术本身，
11:28
It's just about, I want to create some great experiences.
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而是创造一些极致的体验。
11:31
So thank you very much.
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非常谢谢！
11:33
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Stone - Shepherd of electronsAt Novalia, Kate Stone and her team use ordinary printing presses to manufacture interactive electronics, which combine touch-sensitive ink technology and printed circuits into unique and cost-effective products.
Why you should listen
Born in Cheshire, England and the child of a continent-hopping engineer, Kate Stone was often left to her own devices among some of the world's most disparate cultures. Whether learning to cook rice from Gurkhas or spending time alongside a garageful of car repairmen in Borneo, Stone quickly learned that nontraditional problem-solving was often the very best kind.
At 20, Stone moved to Australia and eventually to the outback, where she was soon herding 22,000 sheep on a 120,000-acre farm. She then returned to England and began her studies in electronics at Salford University, before being recruited to do her PhD work in physics at Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory, where her focus on moving electrons eventually led to the creation of her groundbreaking company, Novalia.
At Novalia, Stone says: "The work of my team and myself is the realization of my childhood fascinations. We put electronics into paper, and paper is all around us." Stone sees herself as a "creative scientist," blending art and science to create startling fusions of new and old technology. In addition to her work with Novalia, Stone is a member of the Editors Code of Practice committee.
Kate Stone | Speaker | TED.com