TED2014
Tim Berners-Lee: A Magna Carta for the web
蒂姆·伯纳斯·李: 互联网大宪章
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25年前，蒂姆·伯纳斯·李发明了万维网。所以我们应洗耳恭听他对我们的警告：我们正面临着一场战斗。网络中立性被侵蚀、资讯泡沫以及集权化大公司的控制都威胁着互联网的开放空间。用户需要为访问网络的权利和互联网的开放性而战斗。问题的关键是我们想要什么样的互联网？
Tim Berners-Lee - Inventor
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
TED is 30.
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TED三十岁了
00:14
The world wide web is celebrating this month
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这个月万维网也将庆祝
00:17
its 25th anniversary.
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它的25岁生日
00:19
So I've got a question for you.
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因此我要问你们一个问题
00:22
Let's talk about the journey, mainly about the future.
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我们来谈谈这段旅程 主要关于未来的
00:26
Let's talk about the state.
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来谈谈这个国家
00:28
Let's talk about what sort of a web we want.
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来谈谈哪种互联网是我们想要的
00:30
So 25 years ago, then, I was working at CERN.
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25年前 我还在欧洲核子研究中心工作
00:34
I got permission in the end after about a year
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一年后我终于得到了许可
00:36
to basically do it as a side project.
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将它主要地当作一个编外项目来做
00:39
I wrote the code.
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我写下了代码
00:40
I was I suppose the first user.
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我想我应该是第一个用户
00:43
There was a lot of concern
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当时很担心
00:45
that people didn't want to pick it up
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因为它太过复杂
00:47
because it would be too complicated.
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别们也许不愿意将它继续下去
00:49
A lot of persuasion, a lot of wonderful
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通过大量劝说
00:50
collaboration with other people,
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与他人通力合作
00:52
and bit by bit, it worked.
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逐渐 它走上正轨
00:54
It took off. It was pretty cool.
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它正式上线 真是太酷了
00:56
And in fact, a few years later in 2000,
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事实上 几年之后的2000年
00:59
five percent of the world population
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全世界人口中的5%
01:03
were using the world wide web.
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都在使用万维网
01:05
In 2007, seven years later, 17 percent.
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又过了7年 到2007年 上升到了17%
01:08
In 2008, we formed the World Wide Web Foundation
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2008年 我们建立了万维网基金会
01:11
partly to look at that
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部分原因是考虑到这一点
01:13
and worry about that figure.
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还有就是担心这个数字
01:16
And now here we are in 2014,
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现在我们步入2014年
01:18
and 40 percent of the world
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全世界人口中的40%
01:20
are using the world wide web, and counting.
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都在使用万维网
01:24
Obviously it's increasing.
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显然这个数字仍在增长
01:26
I want you to think about both sides of that.
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我希望你们从两方面考虑一下这件事
01:29
Okay, obviously to anybody here at TED,
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显然 对于现场观众来说
01:32
the first question you ask is, what can we do
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要问的第一个问题就是 我们要怎样做
01:35
to get the other 60 percent on board
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才能尽可能快的
01:37
as quickly as possible?
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让剩下的60%也加入到万维网？
01:38
Lots of important things. Obviously
it's going to be around mobile.
it's going to be around mobile.
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要依靠很多设备 显然需要移动设备
01:40
But also, I want you to think about the 40 percent,
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但我希望你们也想一下那40%的人
01:42
because if you're sitting there yourself
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因为如果你自己
01:44
sort of with a web-enabled life,
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生活在一个能够轻易上网的环境中
01:47
you don't remember things anymore,
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你不再需要记忆什么东西
01:48
you just look them up,
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只要上上网就能查到想要的
01:50
then you may feel that it's been a success
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你可能会觉得这是一个成功
01:54
and we can all sit back.
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然后我们就可以悠闲地生活
01:56
But in fact, yeah, it's been a success,
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但事实上 的确 这是一个成功
01:59
there's lots of things, Khan Academy
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互联网上有很多东西 有可汗学院
02:01
for crying out loud, there's Wikipedia,
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还有维基百科
02:03
there's a huge number of free e-books
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这里有大量的免费电子书
02:05
that you can read online,
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可供你在线阅读
02:06
lots of wonderful things for education,
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这里有大量关于教育的东西
02:08
things in many areas.
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有各个领域的东西
02:10
Online commerce has in some cases
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电子商务在某些情况下
02:12
completely turned upside down the
way commerce works altogether,
way commerce works altogether,
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彻底颠覆了整个商业活动的运作方式
02:15
made types of commerce available
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使得各种之前不可行的商业类型
02:17
which weren't available at all before.
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变得可行
02:19
Commerce has been almost universally affected.
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商业几乎全都受到了影响
02:22
Government, not universally affected,
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政府 没有全受到影响
02:24
but very affected, and on a good day,
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但也受到很大影响 然后某一天
02:27
lots of open data, lots of e-government,
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会出现大量开放数据 和网上政府
02:30
so lots of things which are visible
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很多事在网络上
02:32
happening on the web.
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都是显而易见的
02:34
Also, lots of things which are less visible.
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同样 也有很多事情不那么明显
02:36
The healthcare, late at night when they're worried
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比如 医疗方面的信息 人们在夜里
02:38
about what sort of cancer
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为他们所关心的人可能会患有
02:40
somebody they care about might have,
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哪种癌症而忧心忡忡
02:42
when they just talk across the Internet to somebody
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或人们通过互联网
与身处异国的亲友聊天
02:47
who they care about very much in another country.
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这些信息不需要被别人看到
02:52
Those sorts of things are not, they're not out there,
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02:56
and in fact they've acquired
a certain amount of privacy.
a certain amount of privacy.
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事实上他们需要一定的隐私
02:59
So we cannot assume that part of the web,
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因此我们不能假设互联网的一部分
03:02
part of the deal with the web,
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互联网使用过程中的一部分
03:03
is when I use the web,
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就是当我使用网络时的
03:05
it's just a transparent, neutral medium.
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它仅仅是一个透明的 中性的介质
03:08
I can talk to you over it without worrying
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我可以通过它与你交谈 不用担心
03:10
about what we in fact now know is happening,
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那些实际上我们知道正在发生的事
03:13
without worrying about the fact
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不用去担心
03:16
that not only will surveillance be happening
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自己不仅会受到监控
03:18
but it'll be done by people who may abuse the data.
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还会受到一些可能滥用数据的人监控
03:21
So in fact, something we realized,
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所以实际上 我们意识到了一些事
03:22
we can't just use the web,
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我们并不只是使用互联网
03:23
we have to worry about
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还不得不担心
03:25
what the underlying infrastructure of the whole thing,
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整个的底层基础结构
03:29
is it in fact of a quality that we need?
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实际上达到我们所需的质量了吗？
03:33
We revel in the fact that we
have this wonderful free speech.
have this wonderful free speech.
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我们得意于我们拥有这种极好的言论自由
03:38
We can tweet, and oh, lots and lots of people
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我们可以发微博 很多人
03:41
can see our tweets, except when they can't,
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可以看到我们发的内容 除非他上不了
03:44
except when actually Twitter
is blocked from their country,
is blocked from their country,
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除非他们国家屏蔽了推特
03:47
or in some way the way we try to express ourselves
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某种程度上 我们在试图表达自己的过程中
03:50
has put some information
about the state of ourselves,
about the state of ourselves,
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加入了一些关于自己状态
03:53
the state of the country we live in,
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关于我们生活的国家的状态的信息
03:55
which isn't available to anybody else.
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而这些信息不能给别人看
03:57
So we must protest and make sure
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因此我们必须抗议并确保
04:00
that censorship is cut down,
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审查制度被废除
04:02
that the web is opened up
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要让存在审查制度
04:04
where there is censorship.
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地方的网络保持开放
04:06
We love the fact that the web is open.
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我们热爱互联网是开放的这一事实
04:09
It allows us to talk. Anybody can talk to anybody.
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它让我们交谈 任何一个人都能与他人交谈
04:11
It doesn't matter who we are.
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不管我们是谁都无所谓
04:13
And then we join these big
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然后我们加入那些
04:14
social networking companies
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飞速成立的
04:17
which are in fact effectively built as silos,
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大型社交网络公司
04:20
so that it's much easier to talk to somebody
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这使得跟同一社交网络中的人交谈
04:22
in the same social network
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比跟不同社交网络中的人交谈
04:24
than it is to talk to somebody in a different one,
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要容易很多
04:26
so in fact we're sometimes limiting ourselves.
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所以事实上 我们有时会限制住自己
04:31
And we also have, if you've read
the book about the filter bubble,
the book about the filter bubble,
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而且 如果你读过关于“过滤泡沫”的书
04:34
the filter bubble phenomenon is that
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过滤泡沫现象就是
04:36
we love to use machines
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我们爱借助机器
04:37
which help us find stuff we like.
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帮自己找到喜欢的东西
04:40
So we love it when we're bathed in
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因此 我们爱沉浸在
04:42
what things we like to click on,
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自己点击进去的内容里
04:44
and so the machine automatically feeds us
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机器自动为我们提供
04:46
the stuff that we like and we end up
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我们喜欢的东西 然后我们
04:47
with this rose-colored spectacles view of the world
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最后会觉得这个世界十分美好
04:52
called a filter bubble.
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这就叫做过滤泡沫
04:54
So here are some of the things which maybe
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这里存在一些可能威胁到
04:56
threaten the social web we have.
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我们现有的社交网络的东西
04:59
What sort of web do you want?
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哪种的互联网是你想要的？
05:01
I want one which is not
fragmented into lots of pieces,
fragmented into lots of pieces,
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我希望互联网不会分裂成很多碎片
05:04
as some countries have been suggesting
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就像一些国家一直暗示
05:06
they should do in reaction to recent surveillance.
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他们应该对最近的监控事件做出反应
05:09
I want a web which has got, for example,
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我希望互联网拥有 比如说
05:13
is a really good basis for democracy.
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一个良好的民主的基础
05:16
I want a web where I can use healthcare
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我希望能在互联网上
05:21
with privacy and where there's a lot
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接受隐私有保障的医疗服务
05:22
of health data, clinical data is available
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网上有许多健康数据 临床数据
05:25
to scientists to do research.
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可供科学家做研究
05:27
I want a web where the other 60 percent
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我希望另外60%的人
05:30
get on board as fast as possible.
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也能尽快加入互联网
05:33
I want a web which is such
a powerful basis for innovation
a powerful basis for innovation
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我想要的互联网创新强有力的基础
05:37
that when something nasty happens,
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当一些不好的事情发生时
05:39
some disaster strikes, that we can respond
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当灾难垄来时 我们可以
05:41
by building stuff to respond to it very quickly.
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迅速应对
05:45
So this is just some of the things that I want,
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以上只是我所愿望清单的一部分
05:48
from a big list, obviously it's longer.
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很明显这份清单很长
05:50
You have your list.
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你们也有自己的清单
05:51
I want us to use this 25th anniversary
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我希望我们利用这个25周年纪念
05:54
to think about what sort of a web we want.
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去思考一下我们想要什么样的网络
05:57
You can go to webat25.org
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你可以登陆webat25.org
05:59
and find some links.
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找到一些链接
06:00
There are lots of sites where people
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很多网站上
06:01
have started to put together a Magna Carta,
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人们已经开始起草一部大宪章
06:04
a bill of rights for the web.
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一部关于互联网权益的法案
06:05
How about we do that?
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我们要怎么做？
06:07
How about we decide, these are, in a way,
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我们如何决策 这些 在某种程度上
06:11
becoming fundamental rights, the right
to communicate with whom I want.
to communicate with whom I want.
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会成为基本权利 与我想要交流的人去交流的权利
06:15
What would be on your list for that Magna Carta?
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你想要在这样一部大宪章中加入哪些条目呢？
06:17
Let's crowdsource a Magna Carta
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让我们共同完成一部
06:20
for the web.
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互联网大宪章
06:22
Let's do that this year.
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让我们今年就开始做
06:24
Let's use the energy from the 25th anniversary
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让我们借25周年纪念的能量
06:27
to crowdsource a Magna Carta
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将大宪章众包
06:30
to the web. (Applause)
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给互联网（掌声）
06:31
Thank you. And do me a favor, will you?
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谢谢 请帮我一个忙 可以吗？
06:36
Fight for it for me. Okay? Thanks.
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请为我而战 好吗？谢谢
06:38
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Berners-Lee - InventorTim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development.
Why you should listen
In the 1980s, scientists at CERN were asking themselves how massive, complex, collaborative projects -- like the fledgling LHC -- could be orchestrated and tracked. Tim Berners-Lee, then a contractor, answered by inventing the World Wide Web. This global system of hypertext documents, linked through the Internet, brought about a massive cultural shift ushered in by the new tech and content it made possible: AOL, eBay, Wikipedia, TED.com...
Berners-Lee is now director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which maintains standards for the Web and continues to refine its design. Recently he has envisioned a "Semantic Web" -- an evolved version of the same system that recognizes the meaning of the information it carries. He's the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL) at the MIT, where he also heads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG). He is also a Professor in the Electronics and Computer Science Department at the University of Southampton, UK.
Tim Berners-Lee | Speaker | TED.com