TEDGlobal 2014
Joe Landolina: This gel can make you stop bleeding instantly
Joe Landolina: 可以立即止血的凝胶
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忘了伤口缝合吧——有更好的方法让伤口闭合。本 TED 演讲中，TED 伙伴 (TED Fellow) 演讲者 Joe Landolina 讲述他的发明——一种医用凝胶可以即刻停止创伤出血而不需要施加压力。(内含医学影像。)
Joe Landolina - medical inventor
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want you guys to imagine
that you're a soldier
that you're a soldier
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我想要大家想象一下：你是一个士兵
00:15
running through the battlefield.
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奔跑在战场上。
00:17
Now, you're shot in the leg with a bullet,
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现在，你的腿上中了一枪，
00:19
which severs your femoral artery.
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切断了你的股动脉。
00:21
Now, this bleed is extremely traumatic
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现在，血流异常汹涌
00:23
and can kill you in less
than three minutes.
than three minutes.
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并且可以在三分钟之内置你于死地。
00:26
Unfortunately, by the time that a medic
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不幸的是，等到救护兵
00:28
actually gets to you,
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真的来到你身边，
00:30
what the medic has on his or her belt
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拿出他或她腰间的医用设备
00:32
can take five minutes or more,
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可能要花上五分钟以上的时间
00:34
with the application of pressure,
to stop that type of bleed.
to stop that type of bleed.
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通过施压来止住出血。
00:37
Now, this problem is
not only a huge problem
not only a huge problem
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现在，这个问题已经不止是
一个军队上的大问题，
一个军队上的大问题，
00:40
for the military, but it's
also a huge problem
also a huge problem
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它同样也是
一个涉及到整个医学界的大问题，
00:42
that's epidemic throughout
the entire medical field,
the entire medical field,
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00:45
which is how do we actually look at wounds
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它涉及到我们究竟该如何看待伤口？
00:48
and how do we stop them quickly
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我们怎样通过一种符合身体运行机制
00:50
in a way that can work with the body?
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的方法尽快止血？
00:52
So now, what I've been working
on for the last four years
on for the last four years
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所以，我在过去四年里一直致力于
00:55
is to develop smart biomaterials,
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开发智能的生物材料，
00:58
which are actually materials that will work
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这些生物材料可以
01:00
with the body, helping it to heal
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很好的在身体上作用，帮助治愈
01:02
and helping it to allow the
wounds to heal normally.
wounds to heal normally.
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并且帮助伤口正常愈合。
01:06
So now, before we do this, we
have to take a much closer look
have to take a much closer look
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所以现在，在讲到这些之前，
我们要仔细地研究一下
我们要仔细地研究一下
01:10
at actually how does the body work.
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身体究竟是怎么运作的。
01:12
So now, everybody here knows
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我们在座的各位都知道
01:14
that the body is made up of cells.
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身体是由细胞构成的。
01:16
So the cell is the most basic unit of life.
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所以细胞是构成生命的最基本单位。
01:18
But not many people know what else.
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但是大多数人对其他的却了解甚少。
01:21
But it actually turns out that your cells
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事实上是，你的细胞
01:23
sit in this mesh of complicated fibers,
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散落在错综复杂的纤维，
01:26
proteins and sugars
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蛋白质和糖之间，
01:28
known as the extracellular matrix.
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它们被统称为细胞外基质。
01:30
So now, the ECM
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细胞外基质(ECM)
01:32
is actually this mesh that
holds the cells in place,
holds the cells in place,
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实际上是一个可以固定细胞的网架结构，
01:35
provides structure for your tissues,
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为你的组织结构提供支撑，
01:37
but it also gives the cells a home.
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同样也为细胞提供了容身之所。
01:39
It allows them to feel what they're doing,
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细胞外基质可以使细胞了解它们在做些什么，
01:41
where they are, and tells them
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它们在哪里，并且告诉它们
01:43
how to act and how to behave.
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该怎样运作，怎样表现。
01:45
And it actually turns out that
the extracellular matrix
the extracellular matrix
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另外，事实上，细胞外基质
01:48
is different from every
single part of the body.
single part of the body.
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在身体上的不同部位都是彼此不同的。
01:51
So the ECM in my skin
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就是说，我皮肤上的细胞外基质
01:52
is different than the ECM in my liver,
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与我肝脏细胞外基质是不同的，
01:54
and the ECM in different
parts of the same organ
parts of the same organ
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并且在同样的器官中细胞外基质
01:57
actually vary, so it's very difficult
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实际上也会有不同，所以很难实现
01:59
to be able to have a product
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生产一种产品
02:01
that will react to the
local extracellular matrix,
local extracellular matrix,
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可以跟不同部位的细胞外基质产生反应，
02:04
which is exactly what we're trying to do.
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而这正是我们正尝试去做的事情。
02:06
So now, for example,
think of the rainforest.
think of the rainforest.
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举一个例子，想象一片热带雨林。
02:08
You have the canopy,
you have the understory,
you have the understory,
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你有树冠层，有灌木层，
02:11
and you have the forest floor.
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你还有地面层。
02:12
Now, all of these parts of the forest
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现在，森林的所有这些组成部分
02:14
are made up of different plants,
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都孕育着不同的植物
02:16
and different animals call them home.
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和不同的动物。
02:18
So just like that, the extracellular matrix
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所以就像这样，细胞外基质
02:21
is incredibly diverse in three dimensions.
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在三维空间内存在令人难以置信的多样性。
02:23
On top of that, the extracellular matrix
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另外，细胞外基质
02:26
is responsible for all wound healing,
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负责所有伤口愈合的工作，
02:29
so if you imagine cutting the body,
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所以如果你想象自己割破了身体，
02:31
you actually have to rebuild
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你实际上是要重建
02:33
this very complex ECM
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这个非常复杂的细胞外基质
02:35
in order to get it to form again,
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以便让这个伤口重新愈合，
02:37
and a scar, in fact, is actually
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并且伤疤实际上是
02:38
poorly formed extracellular matrix.
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勉强重新组合的细胞外基质。
02:42
So now, behind me is an animation
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所以现在，在我的身后是一个
02:44
of the extracellular matrix.
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关于细胞外基质的动画。
02:45
So as you see, your cells sit
in this complicated mesh
in this complicated mesh
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你可以看到，你的细胞
坐落在这个复杂的网络中
坐落在这个复杂的网络中
02:48
and as you move throughout the tissue,
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并且随着你在组织结构中移动，
02:51
the extracellular matrix changes.
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细胞外基质在变化着。
02:53
So now every other piece
of technology on the market
of technology on the market
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所以现在市场上的任一技术产品
02:56
can only manage a two-
dimensional approximation
dimensional approximation
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都只能管理一个二维的
02:59
of the extracellular matrix,
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细胞外基质，
03:00
which means that it doesn't fit in
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这就意味着它不能被
03:02
with the tissue itself.
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置于组织结构当中。
03:04
So when I was a freshman at NYU,
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所以当我还是纽约大学的一年级新生时，
03:06
what I discovered was
you could actually take
you could actually take
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我发现你实际上可以取
03:08
small pieces of plant-derived polymers
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小片的植物中提取的聚合物
03:10
and reassemble them onto the wound.
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然后在伤口上面使它们重新聚合。
03:13
So if you have a bleeding
wound like the one behind me,
wound like the one behind me,
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所以如果你有一个类似于
我身后的这样正在流血的伤口，
我身后的这样正在流血的伤口，
03:16
you can actually put
our material onto this,
our material onto this,
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你可以把我们的材料涂抹在这个伤口上面，
03:18
and just like Lego blocks,
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并且就像是乐高砖块一样，
03:20
it'll reassemble into the local tissue.
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它会与所在部位的组织重新聚合。
03:22
So that means if you put it onto liver,
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所以这意味着如果你把它涂在肝脏上，
03:24
it turns into something
that looks like liver,
that looks like liver,
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它会转化成一些像肝组织的东西，
03:26
and if you put it onto skin,
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如果你把在涂在皮肤上，
03:28
it turns into something
that looks just like skin.
that looks just like skin.
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它会变成一些像皮肤组织的东西。
03:30
So when you put the gel on,
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所以当你涂上这种凝胶，
03:31
it actually reassembles
into this local tissue.
into this local tissue.
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它会和相应部位的组织重新聚合。
03:34
So now, this has a whole
bunch of applications,
bunch of applications,
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所以这个材料有很多的用途，
03:38
but basically the idea is,
wherever you put this product,
wherever you put this product,
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但是最基本的思路就是，
不管你把这个产品涂在哪里，
不管你把这个产品涂在哪里，
03:41
you're able to reassemble
into it immediately.
into it immediately.
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它都可以很快的重新聚合。
03:44
Now, this is a simulated arterial bleed —
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这是一个模拟动脉流血--
03:46
blood warning —
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流血警告--
03:48
at twice human artery pressure.
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是人类动脉压的两倍。
03:49
So now, this type of bleed
is incredibly traumatic,
is incredibly traumatic,
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这种出血状况是非常非常严峻的，
03:52
and like I said before,
would actually take
would actually take
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并且就像我之前说过的那样，需要花费
03:54
five minutes or more with pressure
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五分钟以上的时间来通过施压
03:56
to be able to stop.
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才能够止住流血。
03:57
Now, in the time that it takes
me to introduce the bleed itself,
me to introduce the bleed itself,
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现在，我在介绍这个伤口的这段时间里，
04:00
our material is able to stop that bleed,
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我们的材料已经可以止住流血了，
04:02
and it's because it actually
goes on and works
goes on and works
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这是因为它可以在
04:05
with the body to heal,
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身体上起作用来愈合伤口。
04:06
so it reassembles into this piece of meat,
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所以它与这块肉聚合在一起，
04:09
and then the blood actually recognizes
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然后血流可以辨别
04:12
that that's happening,
and produces fibrin,
and produces fibrin,
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它正在起作用并且产生出纤维蛋白，
04:14
producing a very fast clot in less than 10 seconds.
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然后在十秒钟之内很快地封堵伤口。
04:18
So now this technology — Thank you.
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所以现在这项技术---谢谢。
04:20
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:28
So now this technology, by January,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
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所以这项技术，到一月份的时候，
会先由兽医实用，
会先由兽医实用，
04:32
and we're working very diligently to
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
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并且我们会努力实现让医生掌握这样的技术，
04:35
hopefully within the next year.
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希望可以在接下来的一年中实现。
04:37
But really, once again, I
want you guys to imagine
want you guys to imagine
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但是，我希望你们可以再想象一次
04:40
that you are a soldier running
through a battlefield.
through a battlefield.
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你是一个奔跑在战场上的士兵。
04:42
Now, you get hit in the leg with a bullet,
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现在，你腿上中了一枪，
04:43
and instead of bleeding
out in three minutes,
out in three minutes,
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并且取代三分钟之内流尽血的是，
04:47
you pull a small pack
of gel out of your belt,
of gel out of your belt,
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你从腰间拿出了一小盒我们的凝胶，
04:49
and with the press of a button,
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按下按钮，
04:50
you're able to stop your own bleed
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你就可以为你自己止血
04:51
and you're on your way to recovery.
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并且你的伤情开始恢复。
04:53
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
04:55
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joe Landolina - medical inventorJoe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL.
Why you should listen
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of a gel that can instantly stop traumatic bleeding -- without the need to apply pressure. He recently built a state of the art manufacturing facility in Brooklyn, New York to bring the product to market.
More profile about the speakerJoe Landolina | Speaker | TED.com