TEDGlobal 2014
Joe Landolina: This gel can make you stop bleeding instantly
袓•蘭當列拿: 可立即止血的凝膠
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忘掉縫合傷口吧 ﹣ 有更好方法讓傷口癒合。在這演講中，TED Fellow 袓•蘭當列拿 (Joe Landolina) 講述他的發明 — 一種醫用凝膠可以立刻停止創傷出血，且不需要施加壓力。(含醫學影像)
Joe Landolina - medical inventor
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want you guys to imagine
that you're a soldier
that you're a soldier
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大家想像一下：你是一名士兵，
00:15
running through the battlefield.
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正在戰場上奔跑。
00:17
Now, you're shot in the leg with a bullet,
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現在你的腿被一顆子彈射中，
00:19
which severs your femoral artery.
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使你的股動脈撕裂，
00:21
Now, this bleed is extremely traumatic
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現在，血流如注
00:23
and can kill you in less
than three minutes.
than three minutes.
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三分鐘之內就可致命。
00:26
Unfortunately, by the time that a medic
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不幸的是，等到救護兵
00:28
actually gets to you,
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總算來到你身邊時，
00:30
what the medic has on his or her belt
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拿出他或她腰間的醫用設備，
00:32
can take five minutes or more,
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可要花上五分鐘以上的時間，
00:34
with the application of pressure,
to stop that type of bleed.
to stop that type of bleed.
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通過施壓來止住出血。
00:37
Now, this problem is
not only a huge problem
not only a huge problem
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現在，這個問題不止是軍隊的大問題，
00:40
for the military, but it's
also a huge problem
also a huge problem
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同樣也是涉及到
00:42
that's epidemic throughout
the entire medical field,
the entire medical field,
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整個醫學界的大問題，
00:45
which is how do we actually look at wounds
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我們究竟該如何看待傷口，
00:48
and how do we stop them quickly
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怎樣通過一種
符合身體運行機制的方法
符合身體運行機制的方法
00:50
in a way that can work with the body?
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盡快止血？
00:52
So now, what I've been working
on for the last four years
on for the last four years
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所以，我在過去四年一直致力於
00:55
is to develop smart biomaterials,
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開發智慧生物材料，
00:58
which are actually materials that will work
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這些生物材料可以
01:00
with the body, helping it to heal
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很好地在身體上作用，幫助治癒
01:02
and helping it to allow the
wounds to heal normally.
wounds to heal normally.
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且幫助傷口正常癒合。
01:06
So now, before we do this, we
have to take a much closer look
have to take a much closer look
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所以在提及這些前，
我們要仔細研究一下
我們要仔細研究一下
01:10
at actually how does the body work.
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身體究竟是怎樣運作的。
01:12
So now, everybody here knows
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在座大家都應知道
01:14
that the body is made up of cells.
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身體是由細胞所構成的，
01:16
So the cell is the most basic unit of life.
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細胞是構成生命的最基本單位。
01:18
But not many people know what else.
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但是大多數人對其他單位
卻甚少了解。
卻甚少了解。
01:21
But it actually turns out that your cells
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事實上，你的細胞
01:23
sit in this mesh of complicated fibers,
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散落在錯綜複雜的纖維、
01:26
proteins and sugars
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蛋白質和糖之間，
01:28
known as the extracellular matrix.
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稱為細胞外基質 (ECM)。
01:30
So now, the ECM
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細胞外基質
01:32
is actually this mesh that
holds the cells in place,
holds the cells in place,
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實際是一個可以固定細胞的網架結搆，
01:35
provides structure for your tissues,
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給你的組織提供支撐，
01:37
but it also gives the cells a home.
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同樣也為細胞提供容身之所。
01:39
It allows them to feel what they're doing,
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細胞外基質可以使細胞
了解它們正在做什麼，
了解它們正在做什麼，
01:41
where they are, and tells them
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它們在哪裡，並且告訴它們
01:43
how to act and how to behave.
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該怎樣運作，怎樣表現。
01:45
And it actually turns out that
the extracellular matrix
the extracellular matrix
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此外，細胞外基質事實上
01:48
is different from every
single part of the body.
single part of the body.
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在身體不同部位都不一樣的，
01:51
So the ECM in my skin
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就是說，皮膚細胞外基質
01:52
is different than the ECM in my liver,
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與肝臟細胞外基質是不同的，
01:54
and the ECM in different
parts of the same organ
parts of the same organ
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而且在同一器官中的細胞外基質
01:57
actually vary, so it's very difficult
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實際上也會有不同，所以很難實現
01:59
to be able to have a product
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生產一種產品
02:01
that will react to the
local extracellular matrix,
local extracellular matrix,
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可以跟不同部位的
細胞外基質產生反應，
細胞外基質產生反應，
02:04
which is exactly what we're trying to do.
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而這正是我們要嘗試去做的事。
02:06
So now, for example,
think of the rainforest.
think of the rainforest.
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舉一個例子，想像一片熱帶雨林。
02:08
You have the canopy,
you have the understory,
you have the understory,
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有樹冠層、有灌木層、
02:11
and you have the forest floor.
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還有地面層。
02:12
Now, all of these parts of the forest
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現在，森林裡所有這些組成部分
02:14
are made up of different plants,
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都孕育著不同的植物，
02:16
and different animals call them home.
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而不同動物稱之為家。
02:18
So just like that, the extracellular matrix
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所以就像這樣，細胞外基質
02:21
is incredibly diverse in three dimensions.
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在三維空間內存在
令人難以置信的多樣性。
令人難以置信的多樣性。
02:23
On top of that, the extracellular matrix
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另外，細胞外基質
02:26
is responsible for all wound healing,
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負責所有傷口癒合的工作，
02:29
so if you imagine cutting the body,
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如果你想像一下割破了身體，
02:31
you actually have to rebuild
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實際上是要重建
02:33
this very complex ECM
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這個非常複雜的細胞外基質，
02:35
in order to get it to form again,
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以便讓傷口重新癒合，
02:37
and a scar, in fact, is actually
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而傷疤事實上是
02:38
poorly formed extracellular matrix.
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勉強重新組合的細胞外基質。
02:42
So now, behind me is an animation
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現在，在我的身後面是一個
02:44
of the extracellular matrix.
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關於細胞外基質的動畫。
02:45
So as you see, your cells sit
in this complicated mesh
in this complicated mesh
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你可以看到，細胞坐落在
這個複雜的網絡中，
這個複雜的網絡中，
02:48
and as you move throughout the tissue,
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並且隨著你在組織中移動，
02:51
the extracellular matrix changes.
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細胞外基質也在變化著。
02:53
So now every other piece
of technology on the market
of technology on the market
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所以現在市場上任何技術產品
02:56
can only manage a two-
dimensional approximation
dimensional approximation
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都只能夠管理一個二維的
02:59
of the extracellular matrix,
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細胞外基質，
03:00
which means that it doesn't fit in
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這就意味著它不能被
03:02
with the tissue itself.
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置於組織當中。
03:04
So when I was a freshman at NYU,
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所以當我還是紐約大學
的一年級新生時，
的一年級新生時，
03:06
what I discovered was
you could actually take
you could actually take
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我發現實際上可以
03:08
small pieces of plant-derived polymers
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提取小片由植物衍生的聚合物，
03:10
and reassemble them onto the wound.
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然後放在傷口上面，使它們重新聚合。
03:13
So if you have a bleeding
wound like the one behind me,
wound like the one behind me,
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所以如果你有一個類似
我身後正在流血的傷口，
我身後正在流血的傷口，
03:16
you can actually put
our material onto this,
our material onto this,
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你可以把我們的材料塗抹在上面，
03:18
and just like Lego blocks,
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就像樂高磚一樣，
03:20
it'll reassemble into the local tissue.
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它將會跟部位的組織重新聚合。
03:22
So that means if you put it onto liver,
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這意味著如果你把它塗在肝臟上，
03:24
it turns into something
that looks like liver,
that looks like liver,
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它會轉化成一些像肝組織的東西，
03:26
and if you put it onto skin,
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如果你把它塗在皮膚上，
03:28
it turns into something
that looks just like skin.
that looks just like skin.
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它會變成一些像皮膚組織的東西。
03:30
So when you put the gel on,
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所以當你塗上這種凝膠，
03:31
it actually reassembles
into this local tissue.
into this local tissue.
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它會和相應部位的組織重新聚合。
03:34
So now, this has a whole
bunch of applications,
bunch of applications,
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因此這個材料有很多用途，
03:38
but basically the idea is,
wherever you put this product,
wherever you put this product,
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但是最基本的思路就是，
不管你把這個產品塗在哪裡，
不管你把這個產品塗在哪裡，
03:41
you're able to reassemble
into it immediately.
into it immediately.
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它都可以立刻重新聚合。
03:44
Now, this is a simulated arterial bleed —
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這是一個模擬動脈出血 —
03:46
blood warning —
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出血警告 —
03:48
at twice human artery pressure.
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是人類動脈壓的兩倍。
03:49
So now, this type of bleed
is incredibly traumatic,
is incredibly traumatic,
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這種出血狀況是非常嚴峻的，
03:52
and like I said before,
would actually take
would actually take
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且就像我之前說過的那樣，
03:54
five minutes or more with pressure
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需要花五分鐘以上的時間，
03:56
to be able to stop.
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通過施壓才能夠止血。
03:57
Now, in the time that it takes
me to introduce the bleed itself,
me to introduce the bleed itself,
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現在，就在我介紹這個傷口時，
04:00
our material is able to stop that bleed,
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我們的材料已經可以止住出血，
04:02
and it's because it actually
goes on and works
goes on and works
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這是因為它可以在
04:05
with the body to heal,
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身體上起作用來癒合傷口，
04:06
so it reassembles into this piece of meat,
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與這塊肉聚合在一起，
04:09
and then the blood actually recognizes
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然後血流可以辨別
04:12
that that's happening,
and produces fibrin,
and produces fibrin,
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它正在起作用，並且產生出纖維蛋白，
04:14
producing a very fast clot in less than 10 seconds.
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然後在十秒鐘內很快就封堵傷口。
04:18
So now this technology — Thank you.
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所以現在這項技術 — 謝謝
04:20
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:28
So now this technology, by January,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
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所以這項技術，在一月份前，
會先交到獸醫手裡，
會先交到獸醫手裡，
04:32
and we're working very diligently to
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
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並且我們會努力實現
讓醫生掌握這種技術，
讓醫生掌握這種技術，
04:35
hopefully within the next year.
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希望在接下來的一年中實現。
04:37
But really, once again, I
want you guys to imagine
want you guys to imagine
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但是，我希望你們可以再想一次，
04:40
that you are a soldier running
through a battlefield.
through a battlefield.
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你是一個在戰場上奔跑的士兵。
04:42
Now, you get hit in the leg with a bullet,
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現在，你腿上中槍，
04:43
and instead of bleeding
out in three minutes,
out in three minutes,
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無需面臨三分鐘內流盡血的命運，
取而代之的是，
取而代之的是，
04:47
you pull a small pack
of gel out of your belt,
of gel out of your belt,
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你從腰帶拿出一小盒凝膠，
04:49
and with the press of a button,
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按下按鈕，
04:50
you're able to stop your own bleed
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就可以為自己止血，
04:51
and you're on your way to recovery.
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而傷情就會開始恢復。
04:53
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
04:55
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joe Landolina - medical inventorJoe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL.
Why you should listen
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of a gel that can instantly stop traumatic bleeding -- without the need to apply pressure. He recently built a state of the art manufacturing facility in Brooklyn, New York to bring the product to market.
More profile about the speakerJoe Landolina | Speaker | TED.com