TEDGlobal 2014
Joe Landolina: This gel can make you stop bleeding instantly
Joe Landolina: Geel, mis peatab verejooksu silmapilkselt
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Unustage õmblused, haavu saab parandada palju hõlpsamalt. Joe Landolina, TEDi stipendiaat, räägib meile oma leiutisest, ravigeelist, millega saab verejooksu peatada silmapilkselt. (Ettekandes kuvatakse meditsiinilisi protseduure).
Joe Landolina - medical inventor
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want you guys to imagine
that you're a soldier
that you're a soldier
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Kujutage ette, et olete üle lahinguvälja tormav sõdur.
00:15
running through the battlefield.
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Teid tabab jalga kuul, mis läbistab reiearteri.
00:17
Now, you're shot in the leg with a bullet,
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00:19
which severs your femoral artery.
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Reiearteri verejooks on äärmiselt tõsine
vigastus.
vigastus.
00:21
Now, this bleed is extremely traumatic
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Suure verekaotuse tõttu
võib surra vähem kui kolme minutiga.
võib surra vähem kui kolme minutiga.
00:23
and can kill you in less
than three minutes.
than three minutes.
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00:26
Unfortunately, by the time that a medic
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Paraku on selleks ajaks,
00:28
actually gets to you,
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kui parameedik oma varustusega kohale jõuab
00:30
what the medic has on his or her belt
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kulunud juba vähemalt viis minutit või enamgi,
00:32
can take five minutes or more,
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et haav sulgeda ja verejooks peatada.
00:34
with the application of pressure,
to stop that type of bleed.
to stop that type of bleed.
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00:37
Now, this problem is
not only a huge problem
not only a huge problem
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Eespool kirjeldatu pole probleemiks
00:40
for the military, but it's
also a huge problem
also a huge problem
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mitte ainult militaarvallas
vaid puudutab väga teravalt kogu meditsiini.
00:42
that's epidemic throughout
the entire medical field,
the entire medical field,
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00:45
which is how do we actually look at wounds
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Küsimus on üldises lähenemises haavade ravile
00:48
and how do we stop them quickly
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ja sellele, kuidas peatada kiirelt verejooks nõnda,
00:50
in a way that can work with the body?
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et kogu organism seda protsessi toetaks.
Olengi viimased neli aastat töötanud selle kallal,
00:52
So now, what I've been working
on for the last four years
on for the last four years
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00:55
is to develop smart biomaterials,
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et arendada nutikaid biomaterjale,
00:58
which are actually materials that will work
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mis oleksid tõhusad koostöös
organismi loomulike protsessidega,
organismi loomulike protsessidega,
01:00
with the body, helping it to heal
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aidates kaasa tervenemisele ja haavade paranemisele.
01:02
and helping it to allow the
wounds to heal normally.
wounds to heal normally.
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01:06
So now, before we do this, we
have to take a much closer look
have to take a much closer look
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Esmalt vaatame aga lähemalt,
mis on meie organismi toimimise põhialus.
01:10
at actually how does the body work.
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01:12
So now, everybody here knows
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Kõik teavad, et keha koosneb rakkudest.
01:14
that the body is made up of cells.
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Rakk on kõige algelisem elu vorm.
01:16
So the cell is the most basic unit of life.
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Aga see on ka kõik, mida enamik inimesi teab.
01:18
But not many people know what else.
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Tegelikult ümbritseb rakke
keerukas võrgustik,
keerukas võrgustik,
01:21
But it actually turns out that your cells
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01:23
sit in this mesh of complicated fibers,
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mis koosneb valkudest, kiududest ja suhkrutest,
01:26
proteins and sugars
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mida kutsutakse ekstratsellulaarseks maatriksiks ehk rakuvaheaineks.
01:28
known as the extracellular matrix.
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01:30
So now, the ECM
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Rakuvaheaine ongi praktikas see võrgustik,
01:32
is actually this mesh that
holds the cells in place,
holds the cells in place,
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mis hoiab rakku koos,
annab kudedele struktuuri,
01:35
provides structure for your tissues,
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01:37
but it also gives the cells a home.
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ja ühtlasi on rakkude elukeskkonnaks.
01:39
It allows them to feel what they're doing,
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Rakuvaheaine võimaldab rakkudel saada aru,
01:41
where they are, and tells them
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mida nad teevad ja kus nad paiknevad
01:43
how to act and how to behave.
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mis on nende ülesanne ja kuidas nad peaksid toimima.
01:45
And it actually turns out that
the extracellular matrix
the extracellular matrix
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On selgunud, et rakuvaheaine
01:48
is different from every
single part of the body.
single part of the body.
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on igas kehaosas erinev.
Näiteks rakuvaheaine minu nahas
on teistsugune
on teistsugune
01:51
So the ECM in my skin
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01:52
is different than the ECM in my liver,
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kui rakuvaheaine minu maksas.
01:54
and the ECM in different
parts of the same organ
parts of the same organ
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Rakuvaheaine võib olla erisugune ka sama
organi erinevates osades.
organi erinevates osades.
01:57
actually vary, so it's very difficult
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Sellepärast on väga keeruline
01:59
to be able to have a product
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töötada välja aine, mis reageeriks
02:01
that will react to the
local extracellular matrix,
local extracellular matrix,
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just selle konkreetse koe rakuvaheainega.
02:04
which is exactly what we're trying to do.
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Aga seda me just nimelt üritamegi teha.
02:06
So now, for example,
think of the rainforest.
think of the rainforest.
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Võtame näiteks vihmametsa.
02:08
You have the canopy,
you have the understory,
you have the understory,
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Mets koosneb ladvastikust,
alusmetsast ja metsaalusest maapinnast.
02:11
and you have the forest floor.
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Kõik need metsa osad
koosnevad eri taimedest
koosnevad eri taimedest
02:12
Now, all of these parts of the forest
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02:14
are made up of different plants,
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ja nendes eri osades elavad erisugused loomad,
02:16
and different animals call them home.
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kelle elukeskkond on just see konkreetne paik.
02:18
So just like that, the extracellular matrix
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Rakuvaheaine koostis on sama varieeruv
02:21
is incredibly diverse in three dimensions.
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kõigist kolmest dimensioonist lähtuvalt.
02:23
On top of that, the extracellular matrix
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Lisaks hoolitseb rakuvaheaine
ka haavade parandamise eest.
02:26
is responsible for all wound healing,
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Kui kehasse tekib haav,
02:29
so if you imagine cutting the body,
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02:31
you actually have to rebuild
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tuleb kehal taas luua see väga keerukas
rakuvaheaine,
rakuvaheaine,
02:33
this very complex ECM
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02:35
in order to get it to form again,
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et rakke uuesti ühendada.
Tegelikult ei ole ju arm midagi muud
02:37
and a scar, in fact, is actually
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02:38
poorly formed extracellular matrix.
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kui ebaühtlaselt taastunud rakuvaheaine.
02:42
So now, behind me is an animation
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Minu taga on animatsioon rakuvaheainest.
02:44
of the extracellular matrix.
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Siin näete kuidas inimese rakud
paiknevad selles keerulises
paiknevad selles keerulises
02:45
So as you see, your cells sit
in this complicated mesh
in this complicated mesh
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rakuvaheaine võrgustikus.
02:48
and as you move throughout the tissue,
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Kui rakukoes edasi liikuda,
muutub ka rakuvaheainest koosnev võrgustik.
02:51
the extracellular matrix changes.
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Kõik seni väljatöötatud tehnoloogiad on võimaldanud
02:53
So now every other piece
of technology on the market
of technology on the market
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02:56
can only manage a two-
dimensional approximation
dimensional approximation
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ühildumist rakuvaheainega vaid kahes dimensioonis,
02:59
of the extracellular matrix,
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mis praktikas tähendab aga seda,
03:00
which means that it doesn't fit in
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et need tooted koega ei ühildu.
03:02
with the tissue itself.
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03:04
So when I was a freshman at NYU,
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New Yorgi ülikoolis esimesel kursusel avastasin,
03:06
what I discovered was
you could actually take
you could actually take
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et haavadele on võimalik asetada
03:08
small pieces of plant-derived polymers
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taimse päritoluga polümeere
03:10
and reassemble them onto the wound.
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ning nende abil haavale paik peale kasvatada.
03:13
So if you have a bleeding
wound like the one behind me,
wound like the one behind me,
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Kui on tekkinud haav ,
nagu siin klipis näete,
nagu siin klipis näete,
03:16
you can actually put
our material onto this,
our material onto this,
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pannakse haavale meie väljatöötatud ainet
ja nii nagu paneks kokku Legot
03:18
and just like Lego blocks,
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ehitatakse uuesti üles lokaalne koemass.
03:20
it'll reassemble into the local tissue.
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03:22
So that means if you put it onto liver,
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Nii et kui seda ainet viia näiteks maksa,
03:24
it turns into something
that looks like liver,
that looks like liver,
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luuakse seal maksale omane kude,
aga kui seda panna nahale,
03:26
and if you put it onto skin,
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03:28
it turns into something
that looks just like skin.
that looks just like skin.
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on tulemuseks taasloodud nahakude.
Nii et kui seda geeli kehale panna,
03:30
So when you put the gel on,
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03:31
it actually reassembles
into this local tissue.
into this local tissue.
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võtavad geeli polümeerid
konkreetsele koele iseloomuliku kuju.
konkreetsele koele iseloomuliku kuju.
03:34
So now, this has a whole
bunch of applications,
bunch of applications,
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Sel geelil on tohutult palju kasutusvõimalusi.
Aine toimimine põhineb mehhanismil,
03:38
but basically the idea is,
wherever you put this product,
wherever you put this product,
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mis taasehitab konkreetsele kohale iseloomuliku koe silmapilkselt.
03:41
you're able to reassemble
into it immediately.
into it immediately.
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03:44
Now, this is a simulated arterial bleed —
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Siin näete on simuleeritud
arteriaalset verejooksu
arteriaalset verejooksu
03:46
blood warning —
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Hoiatan: veri!
03:48
at twice human artery pressure.
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Veri purskub siin kahekordse survega
võrreldes tavalise arteriaalse verejooksuga.
03:49
So now, this type of bleed
is incredibly traumatic,
is incredibly traumatic,
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Seda tüüpi verejooks on äärmiselt traumaatiline,
ja nagu ma varem ütlesin, võtab sellise
03:52
and like I said before,
would actually take
would actually take
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verejooksu peatamine viis minutit või kauemgi,
03:54
five minutes or more with pressure
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samal ajal haava kinni surudes.
03:56
to be able to stop.
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03:57
Now, in the time that it takes
me to introduce the bleed itself,
me to introduce the bleed itself,
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Videol näete, kuidas meie tehnoloogia
suudab verejooksu peatada kiiremini,
04:00
our material is able to stop that bleed,
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kui ma siin teile seda asja seletan.
Verejooks peatub kiiresti seetõttu,
04:02
and it's because it actually
goes on and works
goes on and works
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et meie aine toimib koostöös koerakkudega
04:05
with the body to heal,
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ja taasehitab ennast selleks lihatükiks.
04:06
so it reassembles into this piece of meat,
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04:09
and then the blood actually recognizes
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Vererakud tunnetavad, et käivitunud on paranemise protsess
04:12
that that's happening,
and produces fibrin,
and produces fibrin,
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ja hakkavad tootma fibriini.
04:14
producing a very fast clot in less than 10 seconds.
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Fibriin kutsub vähem kui kümne sekundiga esile hüübimise.
04:18
So now this technology — Thank you.
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Nii et selline tehnoloogia...
Ma tänan.
04:20
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
04:28
So now this technology, by January,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
will be in the hands of veterinarians,
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See tehnoloogia saab jaanuarist alates olema
loomaarstide käsutuses
loomaarstide käsutuses
04:32
and we're working very diligently to
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
try to get it into the hands of doctors,
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ja teeme tragilt tööd, et toodet
saaks kasutada ka inimestel,
saaks kasutada ka inimestel,
loodetavasti järgmise aasta jooksul.
04:35
hopefully within the next year.
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Aga kujutage nüüd uuesti ette, et olete lahinguväljal jooksev sõdur.
04:37
But really, once again, I
want you guys to imagine
want you guys to imagine
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04:40
that you are a soldier running
through a battlefield.
through a battlefield.
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Teid tabab jalga kuul,
04:42
Now, you get hit in the leg with a bullet,
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aga selle asemel,
et mõne minutiga verest tühjaks joosta,
et mõne minutiga verest tühjaks joosta,
04:43
and instead of bleeding
out in three minutes,
out in three minutes,
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võtate vöölt väikese geelipaki
04:47
you pull a small pack
of gel out of your belt,
of gel out of your belt,
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ja saate ühe nupuvajutusega ise
verejooksu peatada
verejooksu peatada
04:49
and with the press of a button,
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04:50
you're able to stop your own bleed
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ja paranema hakata.
04:51
and you're on your way to recovery.
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04:53
Thank you very much.
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Suur tänu teile!
(Aplaus)
04:55
(Applause)
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Reviewed by Aari Lemmik
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joe Landolina - medical inventorJoe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of VETI-GEL.
Why you should listen
Joe Landolina is a TED Fellow and the inventor of a gel that can instantly stop traumatic bleeding -- without the need to apply pressure. He recently built a state of the art manufacturing facility in Brooklyn, New York to bring the product to market.
More profile about the speakerJoe Landolina | Speaker | TED.com