TED-Ed Weekend
Akash Manoj: A life-saving device that detects silent heart attacks
安喀什·曼诺: 能够检测隐性心脏病的救命设备
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Readability: 5
1,819,530 views
你或许知道心脏病的普遍症状：胸痛、胳膊痛、呼吸短促和疲劳。但有一种心脏病同样致命且更难检测，因为症状是不外显的。在这个简短的演讲中，17岁的发明者安喀什·曼诺分享了他开发的阻止隐性心脏病的设备：无创、平价、可穿戴，并会在关键的生死时刻警告患者，创造生机。
Akash Manoj - Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 13,
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当我13岁时，
00:14
I lost my grandfather
to a silent heart attack.
to a silent heart attack.
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我的祖父由于隐性心脏病突然去世.
00:18
What happened to be more
shocking was that at 75,
shocking was that at 75,
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令人更加感叹的是那天他75岁,
00:22
grandpa was really normal,
healthy and energetic,
healthy and energetic,
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我的祖父非常正常、健康、充满活力,
00:26
but he was diabetic.
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但他患有糖尿病.
00:29
Learning all of this was so painful
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理解这一切对我来说很痛苦，
00:32
that I decided to go out on a war
against this deadly killer
against this deadly killer
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于是我决心和这个致命的疾病一战，
00:36
and see what could be done.
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看看能做到什么。
00:38
It was shocking to discover
the results of recent studies
the results of recent studies
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最近的研究揭露一个惊人的数据，
00:42
that have shown an estimate
of nearly eight million people
of nearly eight million people
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即将近800万人
00:46
who die from heart attacks every year.
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每年死于心脏病。
00:49
Heart attacks occur for many reasons,
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心脏病发病原因很多，
00:52
but most often, they occur
when arteries get clogged,
when arteries get clogged,
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但在通常情况下，
大部分原因是动脉堵塞，
大部分原因是动脉堵塞，
00:57
blood flow is cut off
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血流受阻，
00:58
and oxygen-starved cells
in the heart muscles start to die.
in the heart muscles start to die.
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心肌缺氧的细胞开始死亡。
01:02
You may know the common
symptoms of a heart attack:
symptoms of a heart attack:
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你或许知道心脏病的几个常见症状：
01:05
chest pain, arm pain, shortness
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
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胸痛，胳膊痛，呼吸短促，疲劳等...
01:11
but there is a type of heart attack
that is quite common,
that is quite common,
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但有一种心脏病非常常见，
01:15
just as deadly,
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同样致命，
01:17
but harder to detect
because the symptoms are silent.
because the symptoms are silent.
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但更难检测，因为症状是隐性的。
01:22
People having silent heart attacks
just don't realize what's happening,
just don't realize what's happening,
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患有隐形心脏病的人
意识不到正在发生什么，
意识不到正在发生什么，
01:28
so they're not seeking medical attention,
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所以他们不会要求医疗看护，
01:30
which means they're less likely
to receive the treatment that they need
to receive the treatment that they need
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这就意味着在关键的时刻
01:35
at the critical moment.
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他们不大可能得到所需的治疗。
01:38
And even if they do
get to the hospital by chance,
get to the hospital by chance,
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即使他们刚好去了医院，
01:41
either before or after
they are struck by a heart attack,
they are struck by a heart attack,
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不管是犯病之前还是之后，
01:45
they might have to go through one or more
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
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他们也许要经历
不止一次的测验和治疗，
不止一次的测验和治疗，
01:51
and treatments,
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费时且昂贵，
01:52
which are currently considered
the gold standards
the gold standards
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而这样的做法被看作是
01:54
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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心脏病诊断的黄金标准。
01:57
The greater concern, however,
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然而，更令人担忧的是，
01:59
is that these silent heart attacks
account for nearly 45 percent
account for nearly 45 percent
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所有心脏病中
02:03
of all heart attacks.
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45%是隐性心脏病。
02:05
Patients with diabetes and similar
disorders suffer from nerve damage
disorders suffer from nerve damage
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患有糖尿病和
相似失调疾病的患者
相似失调疾病的患者
02:10
that prevents them from feeling
the sort of pain
the sort of pain
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神经严重受损，导致痛觉不灵敏，
02:13
that usually signals to someone
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而这些痛觉是信号
02:15
that he or she may be having
a heart attack.
a heart attack.
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提醒人们可能性的心脏病发作。
02:21
Which means they suffer
the damage of a heart attack
the damage of a heart attack
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这意味着当心脏病发作时，
02:24
without even knowing or feeling anything.
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他们甚至无法察觉。
02:28
These already at-risk patients
suffer from nerve damage,
suffer from nerve damage,
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这些高危病人神经受损，
02:34
and they do not get
immediate medical care.
immediate medical care.
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不能得到及时的医疗护理。
02:38
They do not know anything before
an unlikely event is about to occur.
an unlikely event is about to occur.
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在这样的小概率事件发生前，
他们一无所知。
他们一无所知。
02:44
My grandfather
was an at-risk patient, too.
was an at-risk patient, too.
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我的祖父也是高危病人。
02:48
I probed this issue further --
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我进一步研究这个问题——
02:50
read as much as I could
to understand the heart,
to understand the heart,
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阅读大量资料了解心脏，
02:53
met researchers
and worked across labs in India.
and worked across labs in India.
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与研究者会面并在
印度各地实验室工作。
印度各地实验室工作。
02:58
And finally, after three long years
of persistent research,
of persistent research,
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最后，持续研究三年后，
03:02
what I have to share with the world today
is a promising solution.
is a promising solution.
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我要在今天分享
一个有前途的解决方案。
一个有前途的解决方案。
03:07
A noninvasive device that is inexpensive,
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一个无创设备，不贵，易携带，
03:11
portable, wearable by at-risk
patients at all times.
patients at all times.
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高危病人可以一直佩戴。
03:17
It greatly reduces
the need for a blood test
the need for a blood test
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它大大减少了验血的需要，
03:20
and works 24/7, collecting
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
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全天候工作，在预设间隔时段
收集分析数据。
收集分析数据。
03:27
And all this data is collected
for a single purpose:
for a single purpose:
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收集这些数据只有一个目的：
03:31
detecting heart attacks as they occur.
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在心脏病发作时及时检测。
03:35
This is a very promising solution
that might help us in the future.
that might help us in the future.
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这个设备大有希望，
可以在未来帮助我们。
可以在未来帮助我们。
03:41
You may not know how intelligent
your heart really is.
your heart really is.
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你也许不知道心脏有多聪明。
03:45
It tries to communicate to your body
multiple times before failing,
multiple times before failing,
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它在停止工作前会和身体多次交流，
03:50
by indicating symptoms like chest pain.
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比如显示胸痛等的症状。
03:53
These symptoms are triggered
when the heart loses out
when the heart loses out
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这些症状的诱因是
03:57
on oxygen-rich blood flow.
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心脏得不到氧气充足的血流。
04:00
But remember I told you
about the nerve damage.
about the nerve damage.
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但还记得我说过的神经受损吗。
04:03
It silences these symptoms
before a silent heart attack,
before a silent heart attack,
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它会使隐性心脏病的症状不被察觉，
04:09
which makes it even deadlier.
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从而使心脏病更加致命。
04:13
And you may not even know
the common symptoms.
the common symptoms.
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你或许甚至都不知道这些典型症状.
04:17
Meanwhile, the heart also sends out
certain biomarkers --
certain biomarkers --
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同时，心脏也会发送一些生物标记——
04:22
cardiac biomarkers or proteins
that are SOS messages --
that are SOS messages --
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心脏生物标记或者
蛋白质是求救信号——
蛋白质是求救信号——
04:27
in the form of SOS messages --
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以求救信号的形式——
04:29
into your bloodstream,
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进入血液，
04:30
indicating that the heart is at risk.
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提醒心脏处于危险之中.
04:33
As it gets riskier and riskier,
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随着风险上升，
04:36
the concentrations
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
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这些心血管标记物蛋白的浓度
04:39
keep increasing abysmally.
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会保持不正常的增长。
04:42
My device solely relies on this data.
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我的设备单纯依靠数据。
04:45
The key is that these cardiac
biomarkers are found
biomarkers are found
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关键是在心脏病初期
04:49
in one of the earliest
stages of a heart attack,
stages of a heart attack,
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发现这些心血管标记物,
04:52
when someone is almost sure to survive
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在这个阶段如果病人得到及时治疗，
04:55
if he or she gets prompt care.
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非常有可能存活。
04:59
And my device is solely based
on that basis.
on that basis.
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我的设备仅以此为基础。
05:04
And here's how my device works.
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下面介绍设备如何工作。
05:07
A silicon patch is worn around your wrist
or placed near your chest.
or placed near your chest.
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硅片穿戴在手腕附近
或者放在胸部附近。
或者放在胸部附近。
05:12
Without having to prick your skin
for a biomarker blood test,
for a biomarker blood test,
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不用刺穿皮肤进行标记物血检，
05:17
this patch can spot, isolate and track
a heart-attack specific biomarker
a heart-attack specific biomarker
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这个硅片可以发现、分离并追踪
05:23
called H-FABP,
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心脏病特有的标记物，即H-FABP，
05:25
and alerts you if and when it reaches
a critical level in your bloodstream --
a critical level in your bloodstream --
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并会当标记物在血液中
达到临界水平时警告——
达到临界水平时警告——
05:31
a process that's much simpler, easier
and cheaper than conventional methods
and cheaper than conventional methods
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这个过程比心脏病传统诊断方法
05:37
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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更简单、简便，低成本。
05:41
By checking on biomarker
concentration data,
concentration data,
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通过检查标记物浓度数据，
05:45
a system like this,
with advanced research in the future,
with advanced research in the future,
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辅以进一步的研究这样的系统，
05:49
could significantly reduce the need
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
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可以大幅减少高危病人
05:54
for a biomarker blood test,
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进行标记物血检的需求，
05:55
because the device
could be worn at all times,
could be worn at all times,
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因为该设备可以一直穿戴，
05:59
sensing biomarker elevations in real time.
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实时检测标记物升高。
06:03
Thus, if the device senses the biomarker
levels going beyond the critical point,
levels going beyond the critical point,
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因此，如果设备检测到
标记物水平接近临界，
标记物水平接近临界，
06:08
the at-risk patient could be warned
of an impending cardiac arrest
of an impending cardiac arrest
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高危病人会收到心脏停搏预警
06:13
and that he or she needs
immediate medical attention.
immediate medical attention.
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并需要及时的医疗措施。
06:16
Although the device may not be able
to provide the patient
to provide the patient
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尽管该措施也许不能为病人提供
06:20
with the complete analysis
of the cardiac injury,
of the cardiac injury,
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心脏损伤的完整分析，
06:23
it might be of immense help
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它或许可以极大帮助
06:25
in actually indicating
that the patient is in danger,
that the patient is in danger,
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判断病人是否于处危险，
06:29
so that the patient can be alarmed
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这样病人可以得到警示
06:31
and know that immediate care is crucial.
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知道必须立即采取措施。
06:35
Every at-risk patient will now receive
more time to survive
more time to survive
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每一个高危病人将会得到
更多时间保住生命并
更多时间保住生命并
06:40
and reach out for medical help.
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得到医疗帮助。
06:42
Consequently, they don't have to go
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最终，他们不需要
06:45
for expensive and invasive
medical treatments
medical treatments
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接受昂贵且激进的疗法，
06:48
that would otherwise be necessary
after a heart attack.
after a heart attack.
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而这样的治疗在
心脏病发作后有必要进行。
心脏病发作后有必要进行。
06:52
When I got my device tested
on at-risk patients under observation,
on at-risk patients under observation,
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我观察了设备
在高危病人身上的测试，
在高危病人身上的测试，
06:56
results from the clinical validation tests
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临床验证结果
06:59
certified close to a 96 percent
accuracy and sensitivity.
accuracy and sensitivity.
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证明了近96%的准确性和灵敏度。
07:05
I intend to make my device available
to people in two variants:
to people in two variants:
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我想让人们获得两种版本的设备：
07:09
one which gives digital analysis
of the biomarker levels
of the biomarker levels
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一种能够提供标记物水平的数字分析，
07:13
and a simpler version
for the people in rural areas
for the people in rural areas
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另一种是针对农村居民的简易版，
07:15
which simply vibrates when the biomarker
levels go beyond the critical point.
levels go beyond the critical point.
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当水平超过临界点时设备就会震动。
07:20
When we look at our progress
in cardiac health care today,
in cardiac health care today,
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当今，我们观察心脏医疗方面的进步时，
07:24
it is more of sick care than preventative
self-care and technology.
self-care and technology.
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较多的是疾病护理而非
预防性的自我护理和技术。
预防性的自我护理和技术。
07:29
We literally wait
for the heart attack to occur
for the heart attack to occur
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我们实际上在等心脏病发作，
07:31
and put our vast majority of resources
into post-care treatment.
into post-care treatment.
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并把大量资源放在护理后的治疗上。
07:35
But by then, irreversible damage
will already be done.
will already be done.
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但到那时，不可逆的伤害已经造成。
07:41
I firmly believe it's time
for us to rethink medicine.
for us to rethink medicine.
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我坚信是时候重新思考药物了。
07:44
We must establish proactive
health-care technologies.
health-care technologies.
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我们必须建立积极主动的医疗技术。
07:48
A change must be brought out
not 10 years from now,
not 10 years from now,
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改变必须发生，不是十年内，
07:51
not five years from now,
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不是五年内，
07:52
but today.
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而是今天。
07:53
And so, hopefully, one day,
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所以，希望有一天，
07:55
with the help of these devices,
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有了这些设备的帮助，
07:57
someone else won't lose
his or her grandfather just like I did.
his or her grandfather just like I did.
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别人不会像我这样失去祖父。
08:02
Thank you so much.
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非常感谢。
08:03
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:05
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:06
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:08
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Akash Manoj - InventorAkash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack.
Why you should listen
Akash Manoj lost his grandfather due to a silent heart attack when he was thirteen. Silent heart attacks strike at-risk patients who are affected by nerve damage. Unlike most teenagers, inspired by the intricacies of the problem, Manoj translated his emotions into social motivation and, eventually, into action. At the end of three years of research and experiments funded by the Government of India at various labs across India, including SRISTI-BIRAC, he developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. His method involves transcutaneously isolating, identifying, spectroscopically analyzing, and sensing elevation in the levels of a cardiac biomarker called h-FABP in realtime -- a process that significantly establishes a path to preventative cardiovascular healthcare.
Manoj was awarded at the Intel ISEF 2018 and was conferred with the nation's highest honor (National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement | Gold Medallion) by the President of India.
Akash Manoj | Speaker | TED.com