TED-Ed Weekend
Akash Manoj: A life-saving device that detects silent heart attacks
阿卡希．馬諾吉: 能夠偵測沉默心臟病發作的救命裝置
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Readability: 5
1,819,530 views
心臟病的常見症狀你可能都知道：胸痛、手臂病、呼吸短促、疲累。但有一種常見的心臟病，同樣致命，卻更難偵測，因為它的症狀都無聲無息。在這場簡短的演講中，十七歲的發明家阿卡希．馬諾吉分享了他開發的裝置，用來阻止這沉默的殺手：一種非侵入式、不昂貴、可穿戴的貼布，用來在緊急時刻警告病人，造成生與死的不同。
Akash Manoj - Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 13,
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我十三歲時，
00:14
I lost my grandfather
to a silent heart attack.
to a silent heart attack.
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我的祖父因為無症狀的
沉默心臟病過世。
沉默心臟病過世。
00:18
What happened to be more
shocking was that at 75,
shocking was that at 75,
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更讓人震驚的是，在七十五歲時，
00:22
grandpa was really normal,
healthy and energetic,
healthy and energetic,
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祖父都非常正常、健康、活力旺盛。
00:26
but he was diabetic.
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但他有糖尿病。
00:29
Learning all of this was so painful
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得知這些，讓我非常痛苦，
00:32
that I decided to go out on a war
against this deadly killer
against this deadly killer
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所以我決定要發起一場戰爭，
對抗這致命的殺手，
對抗這致命的殺手，
00:36
and see what could be done.
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看看能夠做些什麼。
00:38
It was shocking to discover
the results of recent studies
the results of recent studies
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我有個震驚的發現，
近期研究的結果
近期研究的結果
00:42
that have shown an estimate
of nearly eight million people
of nearly eight million people
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指出估計每年有近八百萬的人
00:46
who die from heart attacks every year.
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因為心臟病而死。
00:49
Heart attacks occur for many reasons,
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心臟病的原因很多，
00:52
but most often, they occur
when arteries get clogged,
when arteries get clogged,
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但最常見的是因為動脈阻塞，
00:57
blood flow is cut off
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血液無法通過，
00:58
and oxygen-starved cells
in the heart muscles start to die.
in the heart muscles start to die.
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心臟肌肉中需要
氧氣的細胞開始死亡。
氧氣的細胞開始死亡。
01:02
You may know the common
symptoms of a heart attack:
symptoms of a heart attack:
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心臟病的常見症狀
你們可能都知道：
你們可能都知道：
01:05
chest pain, arm pain, shortness
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
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胸痛、手臂病、
呼吸短促、疲累等等……
01:11
but there is a type of heart attack
that is quite common,
that is quite common,
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但有一種常見的心臟病，
01:15
just as deadly,
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同樣致命，
01:17
but harder to detect
because the symptoms are silent.
because the symptoms are silent.
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卻更難偵測，因為
它的症狀都無聲無息。
它的症狀都無聲無息。
01:22
People having silent heart attacks
just don't realize what's happening,
just don't realize what's happening,
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有沉默心臟病的人，
都不知道發生了什麼事，
01:28
so they're not seeking medical attention,
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所以他們不會就醫，
01:30
which means they're less likely
to receive the treatment that they need
to receive the treatment that they need
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也就是說，在關鍵時刻，
他們比較不可能得到
他們需要的治療。
他們需要的治療。
01:35
at the critical moment.
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01:38
And even if they do
get to the hospital by chance,
get to the hospital by chance,
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就算他們剛好有去醫院，
01:41
either before or after
they are struck by a heart attack,
they are struck by a heart attack,
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不論是心臟病發作之前或之後，
01:45
they might have to go through one or more
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
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他們仍然可能得要接受一項或多項
非常耗時、昂貴的檢測和治療，
01:51
and treatments,
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01:52
which are currently considered
the gold standards
the gold standards
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這些是目前心臟病診斷的黃金標準。
01:54
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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01:57
The greater concern, however,
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然而，更讓人擔憂的是，
01:59
is that these silent heart attacks
account for nearly 45 percent
account for nearly 45 percent
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所有的心臟病當中，
有近 45% 都是這種沉默心臟病。
02:03
of all heart attacks.
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02:05
Patients with diabetes and similar
disorders suffer from nerve damage
disorders suffer from nerve damage
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有糖尿病和類似疾病的病人，
因為神經受損，
因為神經受損，
02:10
that prevents them from feeling
the sort of pain
the sort of pain
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不太容易會感受到這種痛苦，
02:13
that usually signals to someone
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這種痛苦通常卻是
02:15
that he or she may be having
a heart attack.
a heart attack.
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幫他們發現心臟病的訊號。
02:21
Which means they suffer
the damage of a heart attack
the damage of a heart attack
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這就表示，他們受到心臟病的傷害，
02:24
without even knowing or feeling anything.
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卻甚至不知情，或沒有感覺。
02:28
These already at-risk patients
suffer from nerve damage,
suffer from nerve damage,
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這些已經有風險的病人
因為神經受損，
02:34
and they do not get
immediate medical care.
immediate medical care.
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他們不會馬上去接受醫療照護。
02:38
They do not know anything before
an unlikely event is about to occur.
an unlikely event is about to occur.
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在不太可能發生的事件發生之前，
他們什麼都不知道。
他們什麼都不知道。
02:44
My grandfather
was an at-risk patient, too.
was an at-risk patient, too.
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我的祖父也是有風險的病人。
02:48
I probed this issue further --
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我進一步探究了這個議題——
02:50
read as much as I could
to understand the heart,
to understand the heart,
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盡可能讀各種資料來了解心臟，
02:53
met researchers
and worked across labs in India.
and worked across labs in India.
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和研究者見面，
到印度的各實驗室工作。
到印度的各實驗室工作。
02:58
And finally, after three long years
of persistent research,
of persistent research,
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最後，在三年持續不懈的
漫長研究之後，
漫長研究之後，
03:02
what I have to share with the world today
is a promising solution.
is a promising solution.
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今天我要與世界分享的
是一個很有前景的解決方案。
是一個很有前景的解決方案。
03:07
A noninvasive device that is inexpensive,
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一個非侵入式的裝置，
它不昂貴、可攜帶、可穿戴，
03:11
portable, wearable by at-risk
patients at all times.
patients at all times.
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讓風險的病人隨時使用。
03:17
It greatly reduces
the need for a blood test
the need for a blood test
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它大大減少了血液檢測的需求，
03:20
and works 24/7, collecting
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
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不眠不休隨時都在運作，
依據預設的時間間隔
來收集並分析資料。
來收集並分析資料。
03:27
And all this data is collected
for a single purpose:
for a single purpose:
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收集所有這些資料的目的只有一個：
03:31
detecting heart attacks as they occur.
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偵測出心臟病發作。
03:35
This is a very promising solution
that might help us in the future.
that might help us in the future.
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這個解決方案的前景看好，
在未來可能會很有幫助。
在未來可能會很有幫助。
03:41
You may not know how intelligent
your heart really is.
your heart really is.
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你們可能不知道
自己的心臟有多麼聰明。
自己的心臟有多麼聰明。
03:45
It tries to communicate to your body
multiple times before failing,
multiple times before failing,
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它在衰竭之前會多次嘗試
和你的身體溝通，
和你的身體溝通，
03:50
by indicating symptoms like chest pain.
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溝通方式是表現出如胸痛的症狀。
03:53
These symptoms are triggered
when the heart loses out
when the heart loses out
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當心臟沒有得到
富含氧氣的血流時，
富含氧氣的血流時，
03:57
on oxygen-rich blood flow.
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就會觸發這些症狀。
04:00
But remember I told you
about the nerve damage.
about the nerve damage.
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但記得我剛說過的神經受損吧。
04:03
It silences these symptoms
before a silent heart attack,
before a silent heart attack,
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它會壓下沉默心臟病
發作之前的這些症狀，
發作之前的這些症狀，
04:09
which makes it even deadlier.
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讓沉默心臟病變得更致命。
04:13
And you may not even know
the common symptoms.
the common symptoms.
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你可能甚至不知道這些常見的症狀。
04:17
Meanwhile, the heart also sends out
certain biomarkers --
certain biomarkers --
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同時，心臟也會發送出
某些生物標記——
某些生物標記——
04:22
cardiac biomarkers or proteins
that are SOS messages --
that are SOS messages --
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心臟的生物標記或是蛋白質，
這些都是求救訊號——
求救訊息號的形式——
求救訊息號的形式——
04:27
in the form of SOS messages --
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04:29
into your bloodstream,
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發送到你的血流中，
表示心臟現在風險很高。
表示心臟現在風險很高。
04:30
indicating that the heart is at risk.
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04:33
As it gets riskier and riskier,
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當風險越來越高時，
04:36
the concentrations
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
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這些心臟生物標記蛋白質的濃度
04:39
keep increasing abysmally.
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會非常極劇地增加。
04:42
My device solely relies on this data.
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我的裝置就是仰賴這些資料。
04:45
The key is that these cardiac
biomarkers are found
biomarkers are found
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關鍵在於能夠在心臟病
發作的早期階段之一
發作的早期階段之一
04:49
in one of the earliest
stages of a heart attack,
stages of a heart attack,
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就發現這些心臟生物標記，
04:52
when someone is almost sure to survive
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那時如果病人馬上接受照護，
04:55
if he or she gets prompt care.
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幾乎可以肯定一定會活下來。
04:59
And my device is solely based
on that basis.
on that basis.
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這就是我的裝置的唯一基礎。
05:04
And here's how my device works.
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我的裝置是這樣運作的。
05:07
A silicon patch is worn around your wrist
or placed near your chest.
or placed near your chest.
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你的手腕上要戴著矽貼片，
或是放置在胸部附近。
或是放置在胸部附近。
05:12
Without having to prick your skin
for a biomarker blood test,
for a biomarker blood test,
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這個貼片不用刺穿你的皮膚
來做生物標記血液檢測，
來做生物標記血液檢測，
05:17
this patch can spot, isolate and track
a heart-attack specific biomarker
a heart-attack specific biomarker
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它能夠發現、隔離，並追蹤
心臟病獨有的生物標記 H-FABP，
05:23
called H-FABP,
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05:25
and alerts you if and when it reaches
a critical level in your bloodstream --
a critical level in your bloodstream --
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當你的血液中的標記達到
危險標準時，它就會發出警告——
危險標準時，它就會發出警告——
05:31
a process that's much simpler, easier
and cheaper than conventional methods
and cheaper than conventional methods
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這個過程比一般慣用的
心臟病診斷方法
心臟病診斷方法
更簡單、容易、便宜。
05:37
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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05:41
By checking on biomarker
concentration data,
concentration data,
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透過檢查生物標記濃度資料，
05:45
a system like this,
with advanced research in the future,
with advanced research in the future,
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像這樣的系統再搭配
未來的先進研究，
未來的先進研究，
05:49
could significantly reduce the need
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
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就能顯著減少有風險的病人
去看醫生做生物標準
血液檢測的需求，
血液檢測的需求，
05:54
for a biomarker blood test,
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05:55
because the device
could be worn at all times,
could be worn at all times,
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因為這個裝置可以隨時帶在身上，
05:59
sensing biomarker elevations in real time.
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即時感測生物標記的濃度升高狀況。
06:03
Thus, if the device senses the biomarker
levels going beyond the critical point,
levels going beyond the critical point,
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因此，如果裝置感測發現
生物標記超過了臨界值，
生物標記超過了臨界值，
06:08
the at-risk patient could be warned
of an impending cardiac arrest
of an impending cardiac arrest
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它就會警告有風險的病人，
即將發生心跳停止，
即將發生心跳停止，
06:13
and that he or she needs
immediate medical attention.
immediate medical attention.
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他／她需要立即就醫。
06:16
Although the device may not be able
to provide the patient
to provide the patient
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雖然這個裝置可能還無法提供病人
06:20
with the complete analysis
of the cardiac injury,
of the cardiac injury,
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完整的心臟傷害分析，
06:23
it might be of immense help
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光是可以提醒病人有危險，
06:25
in actually indicating
that the patient is in danger,
that the patient is in danger,
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就已經是很大的幫助，
06:29
so that the patient can be alarmed
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病人就會有所警覺，
06:31
and know that immediate care is crucial.
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知道立即就醫的重要。
06:35
Every at-risk patient will now receive
more time to survive
more time to survive
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有風險的病人就會
有比較多的時間求生存，
有比較多的時間求生存，
06:40
and reach out for medical help.
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去尋求醫療協助。
06:42
Consequently, they don't have to go
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因此，他們不用接受
06:45
for expensive and invasive
medical treatments
medical treatments
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一般心臟病發作之後必須要做的
06:48
that would otherwise be necessary
after a heart attack.
after a heart attack.
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昂貴侵入性治療。
06:52
When I got my device tested
on at-risk patients under observation,
on at-risk patients under observation,
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我將我的裝置做了測試，
對象是在觀察中且有風險的病人，
對象是在觀察中且有風險的病人，
06:56
results from the clinical validation tests
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臨床驗證檢測的結果
06:59
certified close to a 96 percent
accuracy and sensitivity.
accuracy and sensitivity.
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證明了有近 96% 的
正確率和敏感度。
正確率和敏感度。
07:05
I intend to make my device available
to people in two variants:
to people in two variants:
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我打算將我的裝置做成
兩種版本給大家使用：
兩種版本給大家使用：
07:09
one which gives digital analysis
of the biomarker levels
of the biomarker levels
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一種可以針對生物標記量
做數位分析，
做數位分析，
07:13
and a simpler version
for the people in rural areas
for the people in rural areas
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還有較簡單的版本
給鄉村地區的人使用，
給鄉村地區的人使用，
07:15
which simply vibrates when the biomarker
levels go beyond the critical point.
levels go beyond the critical point.
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在生物標記超過
臨界點時就會震動。
臨界點時就會震動。
07:20
When we look at our progress
in cardiac health care today,
in cardiac health care today,
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現今我們在心臟
健康照護的進展上，
健康照護的進展上，
07:24
it is more of sick care than preventative
self-care and technology.
self-care and technology.
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比較多著重在患病後的照護，
而非預防性的自我照顧和技術。
而非預防性的自我照顧和技術。
07:29
We literally wait
for the heart attack to occur
for the heart attack to occur
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我們真的是在等心臟病發作，
07:31
and put our vast majority of resources
into post-care treatment.
into post-care treatment.
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將我們大部分的資源
都投入在後期照護治療。
都投入在後期照護治療。
07:35
But by then, irreversible damage
will already be done.
will already be done.
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但到那個時候，
不可逆的傷害已經發生。
不可逆的傷害已經發生。
07:41
I firmly believe it's time
for us to rethink medicine.
for us to rethink medicine.
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我堅信，該是我們
重新思考醫學的時候了。
重新思考醫學的時候了。
07:44
We must establish proactive
health-care technologies.
health-care technologies.
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我們必須要建立
主動的健康照護技術。
主動的健康照護技術。
07:48
A change must be brought out
not 10 years from now,
not 10 years from now,
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我們必須要做出改變，
不是等十年後，
不是等十年後，
07:51
not five years from now,
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不是等五年後，
07:52
but today.
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而是現在。
07:53
And so, hopefully, one day,
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所以，希望有一天，
07:55
with the help of these devices,
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在這些裝置的協助之下，
07:57
someone else won't lose
his or her grandfather just like I did.
his or her grandfather just like I did.
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別人不會像我這樣
失去他／她的祖父。
失去他／她的祖父。
08:02
Thank you so much.
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非常謝謝。
08:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:05
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:06
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:08
Thank you.
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謝謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Akash Manoj - InventorAkash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack.
Why you should listen
Akash Manoj lost his grandfather due to a silent heart attack when he was thirteen. Silent heart attacks strike at-risk patients who are affected by nerve damage. Unlike most teenagers, inspired by the intricacies of the problem, Manoj translated his emotions into social motivation and, eventually, into action. At the end of three years of research and experiments funded by the Government of India at various labs across India, including SRISTI-BIRAC, he developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. His method involves transcutaneously isolating, identifying, spectroscopically analyzing, and sensing elevation in the levels of a cardiac biomarker called h-FABP in realtime -- a process that significantly establishes a path to preventative cardiovascular healthcare.
Manoj was awarded at the Intel ISEF 2018 and was conferred with the nation's highest honor (National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement | Gold Medallion) by the President of India.
Akash Manoj | Speaker | TED.com