TED2009
José Antonio Abreu: The El Sistema music revolution
荷塞.安东尼奥.阿布吕尔博士 音乐的力量
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极富个人魅力的荷塞.安东尼奥.阿布吕尔是委内瑞拉青少年乐团项目“el Systema（体系）”的创始人，这个项目改变了委内瑞拉无数孩子的生命。在这个视频里，.阿布吕留和大家分享这个神奇的故事，并揭密自己的TED大奖愿望，这个愿望对美国和美国以外的区域也将产生巨大的影响。
José Antonio Abreu - Maestro
José Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives. Full bio
José Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Chris Anderson: Let's now see the extraordinary speech
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克里斯.安德森：让我们一起来领略这个精彩的演讲吧。
00:21
that we captured a couple weeks ago.
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它摄制于几周前。
00:23
(Music)
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（音乐）2009年2月，加拉加斯，委内瑞拉
00:32
Jose Antonio Abreu: My dear friends, ladies and gentlemen,
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荷塞.安东尼奥.阿布吕尔：我亲爱的朋友，女士们，先生们，
00:37
I am overjoyed today
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我今天非常高兴
00:41
at being awarded the TED Prize
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被授予本年度的TED大奖。
00:47
on behalf of all
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这个奖属于委内瑞拉全体
00:49
the distinguished music teachers,
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优秀的音乐教师们，
00:51
artists and educators from Venezuela
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艺术家和教育工作者们
00:59
who have selflessly and loyally accompanied me for 35 years
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他们在过去35年一直无私和忠诚地陪伴着我
01:03
in founding, growing and developing in Venezuela
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一起为遍及委内瑞拉全国的青少年乐队与合唱队项目
01:09
the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras and Choirs.
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筹集资金、为它的发展和壮大而努力。
01:13
Since I was a boy,
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当我还是个男孩子时
01:15
in my early childhood,
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那时候我还很小
01:18
I always wanted to be a musician,
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我就一心想当个音乐家，
01:21
and, thank God, I made it.
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感谢上帝，我成功了。
01:25
From my teachers, my family and my community,
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我的老师们、我的家人和我的社区，
01:29
I had all the necessary support to become a musician.
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都在我成长为音乐家的道路上给与了许多必要的支持。
01:33
All my life I've dreamed
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我此生一直梦想
01:35
that all Venezuelan children
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让委内瑞拉所有的孩子
01:40
have the same opportunity that I had.
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都能享有和我一样的机会。
01:43
From that desire and from my heart
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因为这个愿望
01:49
stemmed the idea to make music
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我心里树立了一个理想：让音乐
01:51
a deep and global reality for my country.
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广泛而深入地植根于我们的国家。
01:57
From the very first rehearsal, I saw the bright future ahead.
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从第一次排练开始，我就看到了光明的未来。
02:03
Because the rehearsal meant a great challenge to me.
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因为这次排练对我是一次巨大的挑战。
02:09
I had received a donation of 50 music stands
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那次别人捐了50个乐谱架给我，
02:14
to be used by 100 boys in that rehearsal.
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预备着给100个孩子排练时用。
02:19
When I arrived at the rehearsal, only 11 kids had shown up,
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当我来到排练的场地，发现只来了11个孩子。
02:24
and I said to myself,
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我就对自己说，
02:26
"Do I close the program or multiply these kids?"
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“我是应该停止这个项目呢，还是使参与的孩子数量成倍增加呢？”
02:32
I decided to face the challenge, and on that same night,
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我决定接受挑战，就在那个晚上，
02:37
I promised those 11 children I'd turn our orchestra
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我向这11个孩子承诺，我一定会把我们的乐队
02:41
into one of the leading orchestras in the world.
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变成世界上最好的乐队之一。
02:43
Two months ago, I remembered that promise I made,
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两个月前，我想起了自己当年的承诺，
02:50
when a distinguished English critic
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因为一位著名的英国乐评人
02:52
published an article in the London Times,
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在伦敦《时代》杂志上发表了一篇文章，
02:57
asking who could be the winner of the Orchestra World Cup.
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讨论如果交响乐团有世界杯赛，哪支乐团将名列前茅。
03:02
He mentioned four great world orchestras,
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他提到了4支世界一流乐团，
03:04
and the fifth one was Venezuela's Youth Symphony Orchestra.
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而第五个名字就是委内瑞拉青少年交响乐团。
03:11
Today we can say
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今天我们完全可以说
03:13
that art in Latin America
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拉丁美洲的艺术
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is no longer a monopoly of elites
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不再只由精英阶层所专享
03:23
and that it has become a social right,
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它已经成为全社会的权利，
03:25
a right for all the people.
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为全体人民所享有。
03:28
Child: There is no difference here between classes,
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受访孩子：在这里没有阶层区别，
03:33
nor white or black, nor if you have money or not.
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也不管你的皮肤是什么颜色，你是贫穷还是富有。
03:35
Simply, if you are talented,
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很简单，只要你有才华，
03:39
if you have the vocation and the will to be here,
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只要你有使命感和来这里的强烈愿望。
03:43
you get in. You share with us and make music.
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你参与，你分享，你演奏音乐。
03:45
JA: During the recent tour
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博士：委内瑞拉的西蒙玻利瓦尔青年管弦乐团
03:48
by the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela
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最近的巡演
03:53
of U.S. and Europe,
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包括美国和欧洲
03:55
we saw how our music moved young audiences
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我们能看到我们的音乐如何打动年轻的听众们
04:00
to the bottom of their souls,
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如何直抵他们的心灵。
04:05
how children and adolescents rushed up to the stage
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孩子和青少年们如何冲向舞台
04:10
to receive the jackets from our musicians,
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争抢演奏者抛下来的外套。
04:13
how the standing ovations, sometimes 30 minutes long,
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观众们如何热情地站立鼓掌，有时甚至长达30多分钟，
04:21
seemed to last forever,
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掌声好像永远不会停止似的，
04:23
and how the public, after the concert was over,
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公众在演出结束之后，
04:26
went out into the street to greet our young people in triumph.
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如何向我们的年轻人致以胜利的祝贺。
04:31
This meant not only an artistic triumph,
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这不单止是艺术的胜利，
04:37
but also a profound emotional sympathy
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也是世界上最发达国家的人们
04:41
between the public of the most advanced nations of the world
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和年轻的拉美音乐家之间
04:47
and the musical youth of Latin America,
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深沉的情感共鸣，
04:49
as seen in Venezuela,
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在委内瑞拉也一样，
04:51
giving these audiences a message of music, vitality, energy,
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它向观众传达的信息包括音乐、活力、能量
05:00
enthusiasm and strength.
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热诚和力量。
05:02
In its essence, the orchestra and the choir
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本质上，交响乐团与合唱团
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are much more than artistic structures.
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远不只是艺术组织。
05:11
They are examples and schools of social life,
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他们就是社会生活的样板和学校，
05:15
because to sing and to play together
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因为在一起唱歌和演奏
05:17
means to intimately coexist
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意味着要紧密相处
05:22
toward perfection and excellence,
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一起为达到完美和杰出而努力，
05:27
following a strict discipline of organization and coordination
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保持严格的组织纪律性和合作精神
05:33
in order to seek the harmonic interdependence
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以寻求声音和乐器
05:35
of voices and instruments.
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之间的和谐共存。
05:37
That's how they build a spirit of solidarity
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这是他们培养团队意识
05:40
and fraternity among them,
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和互助精神的方式，
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develop their self-esteem
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塑造自尊自爱之心
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and foster the ethical and aesthetical values
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培育他们的伦理和美学价值观
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related to the music in all its senses.
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从各方面都和音乐产生联系。
05:54
This is why music is immensely important
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这是音乐如此重要的原因
05:58
in the awakening of sensibility, in the forging of values
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音乐唤醒情感，塑造价值观念
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and in the training of youngsters
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训练年轻人
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to teach other kids.
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去辅导别的孩子。
06:08
Child: After all this time here,
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受访孩子：经过在这里学习的日子，
06:10
music is life.
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音乐已经成了我的生命。
06:12
Nothing else.
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没什么可说的。
06:14
Music is life.
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音乐就是生命。
06:18
JA: Each teenager and child in El Sistema has his own story,
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博士：这个项目里的每个年轻人和孩子都有自己的故事，
06:23
and they are all important and of great significance to me.
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对我来说，他们都非常重要，意义深远。
06:30
Let me mention the case of Edicson Ruiz.
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我举个例子，一个名叫埃迪森.鲁兹的男孩
06:36
He is a boy from a parish in Caracas
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来自首都加拉加斯的一个教区
06:41
who passionately attended to his double bass lessons
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他充满热忱地学习低音提琴
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at the San Agustin's Junior Orchestra.
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在圣奥古斯丁青年管弦乐团。
06:50
With his effort,
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通过自身的努力，
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and the support of his mother, his family and his community,
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还有他母亲、家人和社区的支持
06:57
he became a principal member
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他已经成为柏林爱乐乐团低音提琴部
06:59
in the double bass segment of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
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的一名重要成员。
07:03
We have another well-known case -- Gustavo Dudamel.
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我们另一个知名的例子就是古斯塔夫 杜达梅尔（现今当红知名指挥）。
07:08
He started as a boy member of the children's orchestra
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他起初加入了在家乡巴基西梅托
07:12
in his hometown, Barquisimeto.
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的一个儿童乐团。
07:14
There, he grew as a violinist and as a conductor.
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在那儿他学习小提琴然后学指挥。
07:20
He became the conductor of Venezuela's junior orchestras,
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现在他已经是委内瑞拉青少年交响乐团的指挥。
07:25
and today conducts the world's greatest orchestras.
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同时他还在世界上多个最著名的交响乐团担任指挥。
07:29
He is the musical director of Los Angeles Philharmonic,
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他是洛杉矶爱乐乐团的音乐总监，
07:34
and is still the overall leader of Venezuela's junior orchestras.
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还担任委内瑞拉青少年交响乐队的总监。
07:38
He was the conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra,
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他还曾是哥德堡交响乐团的指挥。
07:40
and he's an unbeatable example
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他是拉美和世界年轻音乐家里
07:44
for young musicians in Latin America and the world.
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无可争议的榜样。
07:48
The structure of El Sistema
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我们的项目名为El Sistema（即西班牙语中的“体系”）
07:50
is based on a new and flexible managing style
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它采用的是一种新型而灵活的管理方式
07:57
adapted to the features of each community and region,
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能灵活地适应每个社区和地区的自身特点
08:03
and today attends to 300,000 children of the lower and middle class
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现在有超过30万来自中低下阶层的孩子参与到这个项目来
08:09
all over Venezuela.
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遍及委内瑞拉全国。
08:11
It's a program of social rescue
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它也是一个社会拯救项目
08:15
and deep cultural transformation
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和深层的文化改造
08:19
designed for the whole Venezuelan society
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目标人群是委内瑞拉全社会
08:23
with absolutely no distinctions whatsoever,
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我们摈弃任何形式的歧视，
08:25
but emphasizing the vulnerable and endangered social groups.
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但更侧重于关注弱势和式微的社会阶层。
08:32
The effect of El Sistema is felt in three fundamental circles:
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El Sistema的影响力主要体现在3个方面 --
08:37
in the personal/social circle,
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在个人/社会层面，
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in the family circle and in the community.
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家庭层面，以及社区层面。
08:45
In the personal/social circle,
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在个人/社会层面，
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the children in the orchestras and choirs
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在交响乐团与合唱团的孩子们
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develop their intellectual and emotional side.
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他们的智力和情感得以发展。
08:56
The music becomes a source
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音乐成为帮助人类
08:58
for developing the dimensions of the human being,
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在各方面发展的源泉。
09:02
thus elevating the spirit
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它使人们的精神得到升华
09:04
and leading man to a full development of his personality.
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使人的天性得以全面发展。
09:08
So, the emotional and intellectual profits are huge --
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人类的情感和智力因此获益良多 --
09:15
the acquisition of leadership, teaching and training principles,
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学会如何领导、教学、训练的方法
09:24
the sense of commitment, responsibility,
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培养归宿感，责任感，
09:26
generosity and dedication to others,
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慷慨与奉献之心
09:30
and the individual contribution to achieve great collective goals.
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以及个人如何为实现伟大的集体共同目标而努力。
09:37
All this leads to the development of self-esteem and confidence.
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这些获益能促成自尊自信之心的形成。
09:44
Mother Teresa of Calcutta
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加尔各答的特蕾莎修女
09:49
insisted on something that always impressed me:
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她的一个信念一直令我动容 --
09:53
the most miserable and tragic thing about poverty
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关于贫穷最可怜和最悲惨的事情
09:58
is not the lack of bread or roof,
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并不是没有面包可吃，没有房子可住，
10:03
but the feeling of being no-one --
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而是根本没有自我意识。
10:07
the feeling of not being anyone,
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缺乏存在感，
10:09
the lack of identification,
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缺少自我认同，
10:14
the lack of public esteem.
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不被尊重。
10:20
That's why the child's development
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这就是为什么
10:23
in the orchestra and the choir
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在乐团和合唱团中的成长过程，
10:26
provides him with a noble identity
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能让孩子们感受到尊重
10:28
and makes him a role model for his family and community.
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使他们成为家庭和社区的模范榜样。
10:34
It makes him a better student at school
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使他们在学校里成为更好的学生
10:39
because it inspires in him a sense of responsibility,
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因为这会激发他们的责任感，
10:41
perseverance and punctuality that will greatly help him at school.
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毅力和守时等品质也使他在学校有更好的表现。
10:50
Within the family, the parents' support is unconditional.
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在家庭中，父母们无条件地支持我们的项目。
10:57
The child becomes a role model for both his parents,
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在他们眼里，孩子成了家里的模范。
11:01
and this is very important for a poor child.
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这对穷孩子来说异常重要。
11:03
Once the child discovers he is important to his family,
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一旦孩子们意识到自己对家庭很重要，
11:09
he begins to seek new ways of improving himself
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他就会尽力提升自己
11:13
and hopes better for himself and his community.
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对自己和社区抱有更高的期望。
11:18
Also, he hopes for social and economic improvements for his own family.
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另外，他也会希望自己家庭的社会和经济地位得到提高。
11:25
All this makes up a constructive and ascending social dynamic.
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所有这些都会形成一种合力，推动社会进入富有建设性的积极上升的通道。
11:32
The large majority of our children belong, as I already mentioned,
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如前所述，我们这个项目里大部分的孩子，
11:37
to the most vulnerable strata of the Venezuelan population.
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都来自委内瑞拉最穷困的阶层。
11:41
That encourages them to embrace new dreams, new goals,
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参与这个项目使他们能拥有新的梦想，新的目标，
11:46
and progress in the various opportunities
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在这些音乐所赐的机遇面前
11:50
that music has to offer.
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他们获得了长足的进步。
11:52
Finally, in the circle of the community,
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最后，在社区层面，
11:56
the orchestras prove to be the creative spaces of culture
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事实证明乐团是个有创造性的文化组织
12:01
and sources of exchange and new meanings.
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是观念交流和新意层出的源泉，
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The spontaneity music has
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音乐的美自然而生
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excludes it as a luxury item and makes it a patrimony of society.
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所以它不会沦为奢侈品，而只会是全社会共享的财富。
12:16
It's what makes a child play a violin at home,
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因此，当家中的孩子演奏小提琴时，
12:21
while his father works in his carpentry.
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父亲在旁边做着木工活。
12:25
It's what makes a little girl play the clarinet at home,
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当家中的小女孩演奏单簧管时，
12:30
while her mother does the housework.
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妈妈在旁边做着家务。
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The idea is that the families join with pride and joy
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我们的理念是，在孩子们参与的
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in the activities of the orchestras and the choirs
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乐团与合唱团活动中
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that their children belong to.
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整个家庭共享骄傲和喜悦。
12:45
The huge spiritual world that music produces in itself,
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音乐自身创造的强大精神世界，
12:50
which also lies within itself,
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就在于音乐本身，
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ends up overcoming material poverty.
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它能克服物质上的贫乏。
12:57
From the minute a child's taught how to play an instrument,
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从孩子学习演奏乐器的那一刻开始，
12:59
he's no longer poor.
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他就不再贫穷，
13:01
He becomes a child in progress heading for a professional level,
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他成了一个正向着职业水平迈进的孩子，
13:06
who'll later become a full citizen.
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他迟早会成长为一个合格的全面发展的公民。
13:08
Needless to say that music is the number one prevention
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更不用说，音乐是首选的
13:14
against prostitution, violence, bad habits,
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抵御卖淫、暴力、坏习惯的方式，
13:18
and everything degrading in the life of a child.
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它能使孩子们免受各种负面恶习的侵蚀。
13:23
A few years ago, historian Arnold Toynbee
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几年前，历史学家阿诺德.汤因比就指出
13:29
said that the world was suffering a huge spiritual crisis.
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当今世界正面临巨大的精神危机。
13:35
Not an economic or social crisis, but a spiritual one.
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这种危机不是经济危机或社会危机，而是精神上的。
13:40
I believe that to confront such a crisis,
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我认为要面对这种危机，
13:46
only art and religion can give proper answers to humanity,
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只有艺术和宗教才能为人性、
13:55
to mankind's deepest aspirations,
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和人类最深切的渴望，
13:57
and to the historic demands of our times.
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以及我们时代的历史需要等问题，找到正确的答案。
14:01
Education -- the synthesis of wisdom and knowledge --
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教育是承载智慧和知识的综合体，
14:09
is the means to strive for a more perfect, more aware,
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是建立更完美、更明智
14:18
more noble and more just society.
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更高尚和更公正社会的正途。
14:20
With passion and enthusiasm we pay profound respects to TED
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满怀激情和热忱地，我们向TED致以诚挚的敬意
14:34
for its outstanding humanism, the scope of its principles,
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为它杰出的人文精神，它崇高的理念，
14:43
for its open and generous promotion of young values.
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和它公开而慷慨的宣扬年轻人的价值观。
14:51
We hope that TED can contribute in a full and fundamental way
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我们希望TED能全面而有效地
14:59
to the building of this new era in the teaching of music,
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帮助建立一个全新的音乐教育体系，
15:03
in which the social, communal, spiritual and vindicatory aims
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在这个新体系里，孩子和青少年的
15:11
of the child and the adolescent
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社会和社区责任感、他们的精神追求
15:13
become a beacon and a goal for a vast social mission.
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就是整个社会应该努力的目标。
15:18
No longer putting society at the service of art,
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社会不再是为艺术服务，
15:24
and much less at the services of monopolies of the elite,
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更不是为精英阶层垄断的艺术服务，
15:28
but instead art at the service of society,
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相反，艺术应当服务于社会，
15:32
at the service of the weakest, at the service of the children,
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服务于弱势群体，服务于儿童，
15:36
at the service of the sick, at the service of the vulnerable,
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服务于老弱病残，
15:41
and at the service of all those who cry for vindication
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服务于那些寻求公义的人们。
15:46
through the spirit of their human condition
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所用的方法，就是改变这些人的精神状态
15:50
and the raising up of their dignity.
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提升他们的尊严。
15:52
(Music)
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（音乐）
15:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
15:57
CA: We are going live now to Caracas.
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主持人：我们回到加拉加斯的现场。
16:00
We are going live to Caracas
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我们现在正和加拉加斯进行现场连线
16:02
to hear Maestro Abreu's TED Prize wish.
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我们来听听阿布吕尔大师的TED大奖愿望。
16:06
JA: Here is my TED Prize wish:
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阿布吕尔：以下就是我的TED大奖愿望 --
16:10
I wish that you'll help to create and document
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我希望TED能够帮助创建和起草,
16:15
a special training program
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一份特别的培训计划,
16:19
for 50 gifted young musicians,
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挑选50名富有才华的音乐家加以培养,
16:22
passionate about their art and social justice,
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他们热心于艺术和社会公义，
16:27
and dedicated to bringing El Sistema to the United States
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致力于把音乐培养体系"EI Sistema”项目的模式
16:33
and other countries.
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引入美国和其他国家。
16:35
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家。
16:37
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
José Antonio Abreu - MaestroJosé Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives.
Why you should listen
In Venezuela, the gulf between rich and poor is one of the starkest in the world. José Antonio Abreu -- economist, musician and reformer -- founded El Sistema ("the system") in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids take part in classical music. Four decades on, El Sistema is a nationwide network of youth orchestras, choirs and music centers -- and more than 750,000 young musicians.
El Sistema uses music education to help kids from impoverished circumstances achieve their full potential and learn values that favor their growth. Several El Sistema students have gone on to major international careers, including Gustavo Dudamel, music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the bassist Edicson Ruiz, who at 17 became the youngest musician ever to join the Berlin Philharmonic. These talented musicians are a source of national pride.
There is a simple concept behind Abreu's work: for him an orchestra is a place where children learn to listen to each other and to respect one another. This idea has rippled out to 55 countries -- from Afghanistan to Wales. With the 2009 TED Prize, Abreu created the Sistema Fellows Program, an iniative to train music educators passionate about social justice in the United States. Sistema Fellows have planted youth orchestras in 20 American cities, teaching more than 5,000 students.
José Antonio Abreu | Speaker | TED.com