TED2009
José Antonio Abreu: The El Sistema music revolution
荷西·安東尼奧·阿布努闡述音樂改造人生
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極富個人領導魅力的荷西·安東尼奧·阿布努是委內瑞拉青少年管弦樂團系統 "El Systema" 的創辦人，他的樂團系統改造了數千位委內瑞拉年輕人的一生。在此他分享他的傳奇故事，並公佈一個可能會對美國及其他國家造成深遠影響的TED大獎願望。
José Antonio Abreu - Maestro
José Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives. Full bio
José Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Chris Anderson: Let's now see the extraordinary speech
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克理斯·安德生：現在讓我們來觀賞這段我們於幾星期前
00:21
that we captured a couple weeks ago.
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所錄製的精彩演講。
00:23
(Music)
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(音樂)
00:32
Jose Antonio Abreu: My dear friends, ladies and gentlemen,
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荷西·安東尼奧·阿布努：各位親愛的朋友、女仕、先生們，
00:37
I am overjoyed today
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今天我非常高興
00:41
at being awarded the TED Prize
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能夠獲頒本年度的TED大獎
00:47
on behalf of all
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謹代表委內瑞拉
00:49
the distinguished music teachers,
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全體優秀的音樂教師、
00:51
artists and educators from Venezuela
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藝術家以及教育工作者們，
00:59
who have selflessly and loyally accompanied me for 35 years
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他們在過去三十五年來一直無私並忠誠地陪伴着我
01:03
in founding, growing and developing in Venezuela
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共同在委內瑞拉為開創、培育及發展
01:09
the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras and Choirs.
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國立青少年與兒童管弦樂團及合唱團系統而努力。
01:13
Since I was a boy,
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打從我是還個男孩，
01:15
in my early childhood,
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在我稚幼的童年歲月中，
01:18
I always wanted to be a musician,
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我就一心想成為音樂家，
01:21
and, thank God, I made it.
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感謝上帝，我成功了!
01:25
From my teachers, my family and my community,
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從我的老師、我的家人及社會，
01:29
I had all the necessary support to become a musician.
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我獲得了要成為音樂家所需的全部支持，
01:33
All my life I've dreamed
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窮我一生所夢想著的，
01:35
that all Venezuelan children
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是希望讓所有委內瑞拉的孩子，
01:40
have the same opportunity that I had.
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都能享有和我一樣的機會。
01:43
From that desire and from my heart
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由那個願望、從我的心中，
01:49
stemmed the idea to make music
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生成了一個計畫，
01:51
a deep and global reality for my country.
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要使音樂全面深植於我的國家。
01:57
From the very first rehearsal, I saw the bright future ahead.
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就從第一次彩排中，我看到了前方光明的未來，
02:03
Because the rehearsal meant a great challenge to me.
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因為那次彩排對我來說是個極大的挑戰。
02:09
I had received a donation of 50 music stands
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我收到了五十個捐贈的樂譜架，
02:14
to be used by 100 boys in that rehearsal.
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準備給一百個孩子彩排時使用。
02:19
When I arrived at the rehearsal, only 11 kids had shown up,
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當我到達彩排現場，發現只來了十一個小孩，
02:24
and I said to myself,
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我就對自己說，
02:26
"Do I close the program or multiply these kids?"
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“我是該終止這個音樂計畫，還是要使學童的數量倍增呢？”
02:32
I decided to face the challenge, and on that same night,
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我决定去面對挑戰，於是就在那個晚上，
02:37
I promised those 11 children I'd turn our orchestra
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我向這十一個孩子承諾，我一定會把我們的管弦樂團
02:41
into one of the leading orchestras in the world.
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變成世界上最好的樂團之一。
02:43
Two months ago, I remembered that promise I made,
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兩個月前，我想起了這個曾許下的承諾，
02:50
when a distinguished English critic
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因為有位著名的英國樂評人，
02:52
published an article in the London Times,
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在《倫敦時報》發表了一篇文章，
02:57
asking who could be the winner of the Orchestra World Cup.
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討論哪個樂團將會成為管絃樂世界大賽的贏家。
03:02
He mentioned four great world orchestras,
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他提到了四組世界一流的樂團，
03:04
and the fifth one was Venezuela's Youth Symphony Orchestra.
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而第五個就是委内瑞拉青少年交響樂團。
03:11
Today we can say
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今天我們可以說，
03:13
that art in Latin America
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在拉丁美洲
03:17
is no longer a monopoly of elites
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藝術不再是精英階層的專利，
03:23
and that it has become a social right,
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它已經成為一項社會權利，
03:25
a right for all the people.
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為所有人民所享有。
03:28
Child: There is no difference here between classes,
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受訪孩子：在這裡没有階級差異，
03:33
nor white or black, nor if you have money or not.
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不論你的膚色，亦不分你的貧富。
03:35
Simply, if you are talented,
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簡單的說，只要你有天分，
03:39
if you have the vocation and the will to be here,
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只要你有信心及意願來到這裡，
03:43
you get in. You share with us and make music.
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你就能加入，和我們一起分享並創作音樂。
03:45
JA: During the recent tour
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在最近的巡迴演出中，
03:48
by the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela
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西蒙玻利瓦爾青少年管弦樂團到委內瑞拉、
03:53
of U.S. and Europe,
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美國及歐洲各地表演。
03:55
we saw how our music moved young audiences
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我們見識到音樂如何地感動年輕聽眾，
04:00
to the bottom of their souls,
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觸及他們的心靈深處;
04:05
how children and adolescents rushed up to the stage
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孩童及青少年們如何地爭相擁至台前
04:10
to receive the jackets from our musicians,
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來領取我們音樂家手中的外套；
04:13
how the standing ovations, sometimes 30 minutes long,
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觀眾如何地熱烈起立鼓掌，掌聲有時長達30分鐘，
04:21
seemed to last forever,
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似乎要持續到永久，
04:23
and how the public, after the concert was over,
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還有在音樂會結束後，觀眾如何地
04:26
went out into the street to greet our young people in triumph.
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興高采烈到街上去向我們的年輕團員們致賀。
04:31
This meant not only an artistic triumph,
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這代表的不僅是藝術上的重大成就，
04:37
but also a profound emotional sympathy
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更是種深切的情感共鳴，
04:41
between the public of the most advanced nations of the world
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在世界上最先進國家的觀眾
04:47
and the musical youth of Latin America,
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與我們拉丁美洲的年輕音樂家之間，
04:49
as seen in Venezuela,
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正如在委內瑞拉所看到的，
04:51
giving these audiences a message of music, vitality, energy,
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傳達給聽眾們一個富有音樂、活力、能量、
05:00
enthusiasm and strength.
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熱情與勇敢的訊息。
05:02
In its essence, the orchestra and the choir
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在本質上，我們的管絃樂團和合唱團
05:07
are much more than artistic structures.
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不僅只是藝術形式的組織，
05:11
They are examples and schools of social life,
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更是社會生活的學習典範和學習場所，
05:15
because to sing and to play together
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因為要一起演唱歌曲彈奏樂器
05:17
means to intimately coexist
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意謂著要密切地共生共存著，
05:22
toward perfection and excellence,
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共同朝向完美卓越的目標，
05:27
following a strict discipline of organization and coordination
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遵守組織嚴格的紀律及協調配合，
05:33
in order to seek the harmonic interdependence
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才能尋求歌聲與樂音
05:35
of voices and instruments.
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合諧的互相依賴。
05:37
That's how they build a spirit of solidarity
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那也就是他們如何能在彼此之中建立一種
05:40
and fraternity among them,
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團結及友愛的精神，
05:42
develop their self-esteem
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發展他們的自尊自重，
05:45
and foster the ethical and aesthetical values
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並培養所有和音樂相關的
05:50
related to the music in all its senses.
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道德感與審美觀。
05:54
This is why music is immensely important
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這也就是為什麼音樂是如此的重要，
05:58
in the awakening of sensibility, in the forging of values
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能喚醒鑑賞力、塑造價值觀，
06:04
and in the training of youngsters
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並訓練年輕的世代
06:06
to teach other kids.
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去教導其他的孩子。
06:08
Child: After all this time here,
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經過在樂團的這段時間，
06:10
music is life.
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我體會到音樂就是生活，
06:12
Nothing else.
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無可取代。
06:14
Music is life.
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音樂就是生活。
06:18
JA: Each teenager and child in El Sistema has his own story,
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在這青少年管弦樂團系統 (El Sistema)中每個孩子都有他自己的故事，
06:23
and they are all important and of great significance to me.
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他們每個人對我來說都具有重大意義。
06:30
Let me mention the case of Edicson Ruiz.
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讓我舉艾迪生‧路易茲 (Edicson Ruiz)為例，
06:36
He is a boy from a parish in Caracas
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來自加拉加斯某行政區的他，
06:41
who passionately attended to his double bass lessons
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積極熱誠地在聖奧古斯汀青少年管弦樂團
06:46
at the San Agustin's Junior Orchestra.
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上著低音大提琴課。
06:50
With his effort,
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在他的努力，
06:52
and the support of his mother, his family and his community,
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和他的母親、家庭及社區的支持下，
06:57
he became a principal member
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他成為柏林愛樂管弦樂團
06:59
in the double bass segment of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
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低音大提琴部的主要成員。
07:03
We have another well-known case -- Gustavo Dudamel.
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我們另一個著名的例子是高斯塔夫‧杜達美(Gustavo Dudamel)。
07:08
He started as a boy member of the children's orchestra
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一開始他是兒童管弦樂團的成員，
07:12
in his hometown, Barquisimeto.
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在他的故鄉，巴爾格茲米托 (Barquisismeto)。
07:14
There, he grew as a violinist and as a conductor.
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在那裏，他成長為小提琴手與指揮家，
07:20
He became the conductor of Venezuela's junior orchestras,
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然後擔任委內瑞拉少年管弦樂團的指揮，
07:25
and today conducts the world's greatest orchestras.
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到今日領導著世界上最頂尖的管弦樂團。
07:29
He is the musical director of Los Angeles Philharmonic,
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他是洛杉磯愛樂的音樂總監，
07:34
and is still the overall leader of Venezuela's junior orchestras.
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而且仍然是委內瑞拉少年管弦樂團的總指揮。
07:38
He was the conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra,
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他曾經是哥德堡交響樂團的指揮，
07:40
and he's an unbeatable example
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對拉丁美洲及世界上的年輕音樂家而言，
07:44
for young musicians in Latin America and the world.
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他是音樂界難以匹敵的典範。
07:48
The structure of El Sistema
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El Sistema 的組織結構
07:50
is based on a new and flexible managing style
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是以新穎彈性的管理方式為基礎，
07:57
adapted to the features of each community and region,
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能夠適應每個社區環境的特色，
08:03
and today attends to 300,000 children of the lower and middle class
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到現在照料著三十萬個來自中下階層的孩子，
08:09
all over Venezuela.
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遍及委內瑞拉全國。
08:11
It's a program of social rescue
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它是一項社會救助計畫
08:15
and deep cultural transformation
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與深層文化改造運動，
08:19
designed for the whole Venezuelan society
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是為委內瑞拉全體社會所設計的，
08:23
with absolutely no distinctions whatsoever,
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絕無什麼背景等級之分，
08:25
but emphasizing the vulnerable and endangered social groups.
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而是更重視弱勢受難的社會族群。
08:32
The effect of El Sistema is felt in three fundamental circles:
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El Sistema 所發揮的影響力主要在三個基礎層面:
08:37
in the personal/social circle,
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在個人/社交層面、
08:40
in the family circle and in the community.
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在家庭層面及在社會層面。
08:45
In the personal/social circle,
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就個人/社交來說，
08:47
the children in the orchestras and choirs
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管弦樂團及合唱團的孩子們
08:52
develop their intellectual and emotional side.
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能發展他們知性與感性的一面。
08:56
The music becomes a source
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音樂成為一項資源，
08:58
for developing the dimensions of the human being,
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讓人有多方面的發展，
09:02
thus elevating the spirit
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因而提升其精神層次，
09:04
and leading man to a full development of his personality.
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並促進其健全的人格發展。
09:08
So, the emotional and intellectual profits are huge --
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所以，在感性與知性方面助益良多--
09:15
the acquisition of leadership, teaching and training principles,
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包括領導能力的習得、行為準則的教導訓練、
09:24
the sense of commitment, responsibility,
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敢於承諾勇於負責的判斷能力、
09:26
generosity and dedication to others,
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利他的寬容大度及犧牲奉獻，
09:30
and the individual contribution to achieve great collective goals.
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以及個人的力量貢獻去達到團體偉大的共同目標。
09:37
All this leads to the development of self-esteem and confidence.
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這一切都從而增進自尊與信心的發展。
09:44
Mother Teresa of Calcutta
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加爾各答的泰瑞莎修女
09:49
insisted on something that always impressed me:
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所堅持的某種信念永遠令我印象深刻--
09:53
the most miserable and tragic thing about poverty
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關於貧窮困頓，最最悲慘的，
09:58
is not the lack of bread or roof,
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不是缺乏食物或住所，
10:03
but the feeling of being no-one --
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而是感覺自己一無是處，
10:07
the feeling of not being anyone,
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又感覺他人遙不可及，
10:09
the lack of identification,
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缺乏自我認同，
10:14
the lack of public esteem.
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又缺乏眾人敬重。
10:20
That's why the child's development
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這也就是為什麼一個孩子
10:23
in the orchestra and the choir
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在管弦樂團及合唱團的發展，
10:26
provides him with a noble identity
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能夠賦予他高尚的身份認同感，
10:28
and makes him a role model for his family and community.
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並使他成為家庭和社會的標竿模範，
10:34
It makes him a better student at school
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且能讓他在學校成為一個更棒的學生，
10:39
because it inspires in him a sense of responsibility,
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因為這樣的發展啟發了他的責任感、
10:41
perseverance and punctuality that will greatly help him at school.
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堅忍精神及守時習慣，這些美德將對他在校表現幫助極大。
10:50
Within the family, the parents' support is unconditional.
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在家庭方面，家長的支持是毫無保留的，
10:57
The child becomes a role model for both his parents,
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孩子成為他雙親的好榜樣，
11:01
and this is very important for a poor child.
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這對一個窮孩子來說尤其重要。
11:03
Once the child discovers he is important to his family,
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一旦孩子發現他對家庭的重要性，
11:09
he begins to seek new ways of improving himself
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他就會開始尋求新的方法以提升自己，
11:13
and hopes better for himself and his community.
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並希望自己及社會能夠越來越好，
11:18
Also, he hopes for social and economic improvements for his own family.
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他也會希望自己家庭的社經狀況能夠有所改善，
11:25
All this makes up a constructive and ascending social dynamic.
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這一切的一切就創造出積極向上的社會動力。
11:32
The large majority of our children belong, as I already mentioned,
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正如之前已提過的，我們樂團裏絕大部分的孩子
11:37
to the most vulnerable strata of the Venezuelan population.
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屬於委內瑞拉人口中最弱勢的社會階層。
11:41
That encourages them to embrace new dreams, new goals,
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那樣的背景鼓勵他們去擁抱新夢想、新目標，
11:46
and progress in the various opportunities
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並且在音樂所能提供的種種機會中
11:50
that music has to offer.
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不斷進步。
11:52
Finally, in the circle of the community,
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最後，在社會層面，
11:56
the orchestras prove to be the creative spaces of culture
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管弦樂團已然成為文化的創意空間、
12:01
and sources of exchange and new meanings.
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對話的源頭與新價值的發祥地。
12:03
The spontaneity music has
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音樂所具有的自發性，
12:09
excludes it as a luxury item and makes it a patrimony of society.
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使它不再是一項奢華的享受，而是一種社會的資產。
12:16
It's what makes a child play a violin at home,
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音樂的自發性使得小孩在家拉著小提琴，
12:21
while his father works in his carpentry.
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而同時他的父親在做著木工；
12:25
It's what makes a little girl play the clarinet at home,
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亦或是小女孩在家吹著單簧管，
12:30
while her mother does the housework.
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而同時她的母親在做著家事。
12:34
The idea is that the families join with pride and joy
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這個理念就是要家人以驕傲喜悅的心情，
12:41
in the activities of the orchestras and the choirs
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去參與他們孩子所隸屬的管弦樂團及合唱團
12:43
that their children belong to.
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相關的種種活動。
12:45
The huge spiritual world that music produces in itself,
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音樂在其中所營造出的崇高精神世界，
12:50
which also lies within itself,
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也是音樂的職責所在，
12:53
ends up overcoming material poverty.
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終得以戰勝物質上的貧窮困頓。
12:57
From the minute a child's taught how to play an instrument,
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從一個孩子開始學習樂器的那一刻起，
12:59
he's no longer poor.
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他就不再貧窮了，
13:01
He becomes a child in progress heading for a professional level,
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他成為一個朝著專業領域前進的孩童，
13:06
who'll later become a full citizen.
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未來將成為一個堂堂正正的公民。
13:08
Needless to say that music is the number one prevention
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無庸置疑地，音樂可說是首道防線，
13:14
against prostitution, violence, bad habits,
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防止孩子淪為娼妓，使其遠離暴力惡習
13:18
and everything degrading in the life of a child.
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以及抵擋所有會有使孩子墮落的事情。
13:23
A few years ago, historian Arnold Toynbee
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幾年前，歷史學家阿諾‧湯恩比(Arnold Toynbee)
13:29
said that the world was suffering a huge spiritual crisis.
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宣稱這世界正遭受巨大的精神危機，
13:35
Not an economic or social crisis, but a spiritual one.
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不是經濟或社會的危機，而是精神的危機。
13:40
I believe that to confront such a crisis,
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我相信面對這樣的一種危機，
13:46
only art and religion can give proper answers to humanity,
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唯有藝術和宗教能夠提供適當的答案給人類全體，
13:55
to mankind's deepest aspirations,
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解決人性最深層的渴望，
13:57
and to the historic demands of our times.
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回應我們這個時代的歷史要求。
14:01
Education -- the synthesis of wisdom and knowledge --
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教育是智慧和知識的綜合體，
14:09
is the means to strive for a more perfect, more aware,
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教育也是個途徑，藉以努力通往一個更完美更自醒
14:18
more noble and more just society.
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更高貴更公正的社會。
14:20
With passion and enthusiasm we pay profound respects to TED
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滿懷著激情和熱誠，我們在此向TED致上深切的敬意，
14:34
for its outstanding humanism, the scope of its principles,
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其卓越的人文主義思想、其行動信條的寬廣領域、
14:43
for its open and generous promotion of young values.
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及其對青年價值開放無私的推廣都令我們敬佩。
14:51
We hope that TED can contribute in a full and fundamental way
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我們希望TED能提供一套完整且根本的方法，
14:59
to the building of this new era in the teaching of music,
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以開創音樂教育的新紀元，
15:03
in which the social, communal, spiritual and vindicatory aims
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在其中兒童與青少年的社交目標、群體目標、精神目標
15:11
of the child and the adolescent
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以及其辨證的目標，
15:13
become a beacon and a goal for a vast social mission.
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會成為一個強大社會使命的標誌與目的。
15:18
No longer putting society at the service of art,
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別再讓社會為藝術而服務，
15:24
and much less at the services of monopolies of the elite,
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更不該是為精英的壟斷而服務，
15:28
but instead art at the service of society,
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相反地要讓藝術為社會而服務，
15:32
at the service of the weakest, at the service of the children,
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為弱勢者而服務，為孩子們而服務，
15:36
at the service of the sick, at the service of the vulnerable,
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為患病者而服務，為弱勢者而服務，
15:41
and at the service of all those who cry for vindication
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為所有憑藉人類生存的精神
15:46
through the spirit of their human condition
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去呼求正義清白的人們而服務，
15:50
and the raising up of their dignity.
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並為提升人性尊嚴而服務。
15:52
(Music)
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音樂
15:56
(Applause)
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掌聲
15:57
CA: We are going live now to Caracas.
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我們現在就將現場轉到加拉加斯。
16:00
We are going live to Caracas
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我們現在就將現場轉到加拉加斯
16:02
to hear Maestro Abreu's TED Prize wish.
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去聽音樂大師阿布努的TED大獎願望。™
16:06
JA: Here is my TED Prize wish:
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這是我的TED大獎願望--
16:10
I wish that you'll help to create and document
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我希望你們能幫忙創設並記錄
16:15
a special training program
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一個特別的訓練計畫，
16:19
for 50 gifted young musicians,
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培訓五十位有天賦的年輕音樂家，
16:22
passionate about their art and social justice,
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對他們的藝術及社會正義充滿熱情，
16:27
and dedicated to bringing El Sistema to the United States
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並致力將El Sistema 傳播到美國
16:33
and other countries.
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及其他的國家。
16:35
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝!
16:37
(Applause)
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掌聲
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
José Antonio Abreu - MaestroJosé Antonio Abreu founded El Sistema in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids learn to play musical instruments and be part of an orchestra. The TED Prize winner's bold idea has seeded hundreds of youth orchestras -- and many happy lives.
Why you should listen
In Venezuela, the gulf between rich and poor is one of the starkest in the world. José Antonio Abreu -- economist, musician and reformer -- founded El Sistema ("the system") in 1975 to help Venezuelan kids take part in classical music. Four decades on, El Sistema is a nationwide network of youth orchestras, choirs and music centers -- and more than 750,000 young musicians.
El Sistema uses music education to help kids from impoverished circumstances achieve their full potential and learn values that favor their growth. Several El Sistema students have gone on to major international careers, including Gustavo Dudamel, music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the bassist Edicson Ruiz, who at 17 became the youngest musician ever to join the Berlin Philharmonic. These talented musicians are a source of national pride.
There is a simple concept behind Abreu's work: for him an orchestra is a place where children learn to listen to each other and to respect one another. This idea has rippled out to 55 countries -- from Afghanistan to Wales. With the 2009 TED Prize, Abreu created the Sistema Fellows Program, an iniative to train music educators passionate about social justice in the United States. Sistema Fellows have planted youth orchestras in 20 American cities, teaching more than 5,000 students.
José Antonio Abreu | Speaker | TED.com