TEDGlobal 2009
Misha Glenny: The real story of McMafia -- how global crime networks work
Misha Glenny对全球犯罪网络的调查
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记者Misha Glenny用了数年时间，针对全球有组织的犯罪网络，做了一次大胆的调查。据估计，这一犯罪网络已经占有了全球经济的15%。从俄罗斯黑手党到庞大的贩毒集团，他的信息来源不仅包括情报组织和执法官员，甚至包括了犯罪组织的内部人员。
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
These are grim economic times,
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现在是非常糟糕的经济时期
00:15
fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
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各位TED的朋友，真的是非常糟糕经济时期
00:18
And so, I would like to cheer you up
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所以，我想让你们振奋一下
00:21
with one of the great, albeit largely unknown,
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用一个在过去20年中
00:24
commercial success stories
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大多数人都不知道的
00:26
of the past 20 years.
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成功的商业故事
00:28
Comparable, in its own very peculiar way,
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他们用他们自己的方式
00:31
to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
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他们有他们特别的方式™
00:34
And it's an industry which has bucked the current recession
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如今，它正冷静的应对着当前的
00:37
with equanimity.
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金融危机
00:39
I refer to organized crime.
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我指的是有组织犯罪
00:42
Now organized crime has been around
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如你所知，从很久以前开始
00:44
for a very long time, I hear you say,
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有组织犯罪就已经存在于我们身边了
00:47
and these would be wise words, indeed.
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事实确实就是这个样子
00:49
But in the last two decades,
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但是在过去的20年中
00:52
it has experienced an unprecedented expansion,
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它以难以想象的速度扩张着
00:55
now accounting for roughly 15 percent
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如今它已经占到了世界GDP的
00:59
of the world's GDP.
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近15%
01:01
I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy,
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我更愿意称之为”全球地下经济“
01:04
or McMafia, for short.
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或者简称”McMafia“（麦克黑手党），
01:07
So what triggered this extraordinary growth
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那么，是什么引起了这种跨国行犯罪的
01:10
in cross-border crime?
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异常增长呢？
01:12
Well, of course, there is globalization,
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当然，这其中有全球化，
01:14
technology, communications, all that stuff,
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科技进步，通讯发展等等方面的原因
01:17
which we'll talk about a little bit later.
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这些我们等会儿会谈到
01:20
But first, I would like to take you back
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但是首先，我想带各位回顾一下
01:23
to this event:
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这个事件
01:25
the collapse of communism.
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东欧共产主义解体。
01:27
All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode
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整个东欧在第二次世界大战后
01:31
in our post-war history.
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经历的最重要的一章
01:33
Now it's time for full disclosure.
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现在是时候大白于天下了。
01:36
This event meant a great deal to me personally.
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这件事对我个人来说非常重要。
01:39
I had started smuggling books across the Iron Curtain
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我曾经为走私书籍横跨铁幕（当时共产主义和资本主义的欧洲分界线）
01:43
to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe,
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运到东欧的民主反对党
01:45
like Solidarity in Poland,
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比如波兰的团结工会等等
01:47
when I was in my teens.
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当时我是十几岁
01:49
I then started writing about Eastern Europe,
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后来我开始写一些关于东欧的东西
01:53
and eventually I became the BBC's chief correspondent for the region,
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并最终成为了 BBC驻这一地区的通讯主管
01:57
which is what I was doing in 1989.
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这些是我在1989年做的事情
02:01
And so when 425 million people
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当4.25亿人最终获得了
02:05
finally won the right
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选择他们政府的
02:07
to choose their own governments,
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权利的时候
02:09
I was ecstatic,
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我欣喜若狂
02:12
but I was also a touch worried
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但是我也开始担心
02:14
about some of the nastier things
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一些潜在着的
02:16
lurking behind the wall.
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令人烦心的事情。
02:18
It wasn't long, for example,
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举例来说，
02:20
before ethnic nationalism
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这离之前南斯拉夫的种族主义
02:22
reared its bloody head
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血腥上台
02:24
in Yugoslavia.
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并不太久
02:26
And amongst the chaos,
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在那种混乱与
02:28
amidst the euphoria,
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兴奋的环境中
02:30
it took me a little while to understand
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我花了一段时间才了解到
02:32
that some of the people who had wielded power
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那些在东欧1989年之前
02:35
before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
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已经掌握特殊权利的人，
02:39
continued to do so after the revolutions there.
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在革命之后继续在那里掌控着他们的权利。
02:43
Obviously there were characters like this.
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显然有些是大人物，像是...
02:47
But there were also some more unexpected people
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不过也有一些我们想不到的人物
02:51
who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
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正影响着东欧的改变
02:55
Like this character. Remember these guys?
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像是这一位。还记得这些人吗？
02:58
They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting
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他们经常在四年一次的奥运会上
03:00
and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics,
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赢得举重和摔跤的金牌
03:03
and they were the great celebrities of communism,
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在共产主义国家里，他们是社会名流
03:06
with a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
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过着奢华的生活
03:09
They used to get great apartments in the center of town,
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在市中心拥有高档的公寓
03:11
casual sex on tap,
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也有美酒佳人作陪
03:13
and they could travel to the West very freely,
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他们可以自由的到西方国家旅行
03:16
which was a great luxury at the time.
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这在当时简直奢华到了极点
03:19
It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role
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这可能出乎人的意料，但是他们扮演了一个很重要的角色
03:23
in the emergence of the market economy
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在这个市场经济危机中
03:25
in Eastern Europe.
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在东欧。
03:27
Or as I like to call them, they are
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或者我更愿意称他们为
03:29
the midwives of capitalism.
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资本主义的接生婆
03:31
Here are some of those same weightlifters
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这是在1989年变化之后
03:34
after their 1989 makeover.
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保加利亚的
03:37
Now in Bulgaria --
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举重选手
03:40
this photograph was taken in Bulgaria --
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这些照片是在保加利亚拍的
03:42
when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe,
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当东欧共产主义国家垮台时
03:45
it wasn't just communism;
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垮的不只是共产主义
03:47
it was the state that collapsed as well.
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政府机制也垮了
03:49
That means your police force wasn't working.
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也就是说警察和治安没了
03:51
The court system wasn't functioning properly.
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法律系统无法正常运作
03:54
So what was a business man in the brave new world
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在这样的情况下，一个商人应该如何
03:59
of East European capitalism going to do
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在混乱的东欧的资本主义市场中
04:01
to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
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确保自己合约的有效性？
04:05
Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically
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事实上，他可能会去求助于那些
04:08
by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
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被社会学家称之为 “私人法律强制执行机构”
04:12
We prefer to know them as the mafia.
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我们通常称他们为黑手党。
04:16
And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined
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在保加利亚，黑手党很快的
04:19
with 14,000 people
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聚结了1万4千人
04:21
who were sacked from their jobs in the security services
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被聚集的都是1989到1991年间
04:25
between 1989 and 1991.
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在治安管理行业丢了工作的人
04:27
Now, when your state is collapsing,
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现在，当你的政府垮台了
04:31
your economy is heading south at a rate of knots,
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经济正在急速下滑
04:34
the last people you want coming on to the labor market
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劳工市场绝不会是这1万四千人
04:37
are 14,000 men and women whose chief skills
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愿意去的地方。他们擅长的
04:40
are surveillance,
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是监视
04:42
are smuggling, building underground networks
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走私，建立地下秩序
04:45
and killing people.
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和杀人。
04:48
But that's what happened all over Eastern Europe.
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但是当时整个东欧都是这样
04:51
Now, when I was working in the 1990s,
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在90年代，我工作的大部分时间
04:56
I spent most of the time covering
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都花在了报道那些
04:59
the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
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南斯拉夫严重的武装冲突上
05:02
And I couldn't help notice
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于是我渐渐发现
05:04
that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities,
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犯下那些骇人暴行的人
05:08
the paramilitary organizations,
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和这些准军事机构
05:11
were actually the same people running
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都实际上是那同一群
05:13
the organized criminal syndicates.
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掌控着有组织的犯罪集团的人
05:16
And I came to think that behind the violence
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所以我开始思考在这暴力后面隐藏着的
05:20
lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
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一个危险的犯罪集团。
05:23
And so I resolved to travel around the world
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然后我决心环游世界
05:27
examining this global criminal underworld
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探查全球的地下犯罪
05:30
by talking to policemen,
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通过与警察交谈
05:32
by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
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与受害人交谈，与那些非法商品和服务的
05:35
of illicit goods and services.
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购买者们交谈
05:37
But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
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除此之外,还会直接与罪犯们交谈
05:42
And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
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巴尔干地区是一个适合开始调查的地方
05:45
Why? Well of course
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为什么呢？因为显然
05:47
there was the issue of law and order collapsing,
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那里的法律和秩序已经崩溃
05:49
but also, as they say in the retail trade,
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另外，像零售行业中所说的，
05:51
it's location, location, location.
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关键是位置，位置，位置
05:55
And what I noticed at the beginning of my research
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刚开始我发现的是
05:57
that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone
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巴尔干已成为一个大型中转区
06:02
for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
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非法物资来源于世界各地
06:05
Heroin, cocaine,
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海洛因，可卡因
06:07
women being trafficked into prostitution
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女人被非法卖到卖淫集团
06:10
and precious minerals.
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还有稀有的矿物
06:12
And where were they heading?
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这些东西最终运向什么地方？
06:14
The European Union, which by now
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目的地是欧盟
06:16
was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization,
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欧盟过去一直因为全球化而获利
06:20
transforming it into
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于是犯罪慢慢转型到
06:22
the most affluent consumer market in history,
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这个历史上最富足的消费市场
06:25
eventually comprising some 500 million people.
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涵盖了5亿人口的市场
06:28
And a significant minority
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在这5亿人中
06:31
of those 500 million people
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有很少但很重要的一批人
06:33
like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash
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他们愿意花点些时间和闲钱
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sleeping with prostitutes,
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跟妓女上床
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sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose
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用50欧元的钞票插到鼻子里面（吸毒）
06:41
and employing illegal migrant laborers.
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雇佣非法移民劳工
06:44
Now, organized crime in a globalizing world
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在世界全球化的今天，有组织犯罪
06:48
operates in the same way as any other business.
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使用和其他大企业一样的运作模式
06:50
It has zones of production,
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它拥有很多生产地区，
06:53
like Afghanistan and Columbia.
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像阿富汗和哥伦比亚
06:56
It has zones of distribution,
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它有自己的发货区域
06:58
like Mexico and the Balkans.
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像墨西哥和巴尔干地区
07:01
And then, of course, it has zones of consumption,
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然后，当然，还有它的消费区
07:05
like the European Union, Japan
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像欧盟，日本
07:07
and of course, the United States.
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当然 ，还有美国
07:10
The zones of production and distribution
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生产区域和发货区域
07:13
tend to lie in the developing world,
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趋向于在发展中世界
07:16
and they are often threatened by appalling violence
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他们都经常被严重的暴力和流血事件
07:20
and bloodshed.
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威胁
07:22
Take Mexico, for example.
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拿墨西哥来说
07:24
Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months
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在过去18个月中，就有6000人被杀
07:28
as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
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这些都直接归因于可卡因的交易
07:32
But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
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那么民主刚果共和国怎么样呢？
07:36
Since 1998, five million people have died there.
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从1998年起，5百万人已经死亡
07:42
It's not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers,
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这不是一个你在报纸上可以读到的冲突
07:44
but it's the biggest conflict on this planet
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但这是自二战以来
07:47
since the Second World War.
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在我们星球上发生的最大的冲突
07:49
And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world
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为什么会这样 ？ 因为来自世界各地的黑手党
07:52
cooperate with local paramilitaries
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与地方军事武装合作
07:55
in order to seize the supplies
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为了控制富矿
07:58
of the rich mineral resources
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在地区上的
08:00
of the region.
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供应权。
08:02
In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world's coltan
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在2000年，世界上80％的钶钽铁矿
08:06
was sourced to the killing fields
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都来源于刚果共和国东部的
08:08
of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
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杀戮地区
08:12
Now, coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone,
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你可以在基本上每部手机上发现钶钽铁矿
08:16
in almost every laptop
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还有笔记本电脑上
08:18
and games console.
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和游戏机控制器上
08:20
The Congolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia
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刚果的战争头目把这些东西卖给黑手党
08:23
in exchange for weapons,
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去交换武器
08:25
and the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
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然后黑手党把这些东西卖到西方市场
08:29
And it is this Western desire
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这是西方市场所需要的
08:31
to consume
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所消耗的
08:33
that is the primary driver
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这就是全球组织犯罪的
08:36
of international organized crime.
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主要动机
08:39
Now, let me show you some of my friends in action,
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现在，就让我向你们展示一些我的正在行动中的朋友，
08:43
caught conveniently on film by the Italian police,
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他们正巧被意大利警察拍到了影片中
08:46
and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
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他们在走私逃税香烟
08:49
Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
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现在，工厂生产的香烟非常便宜
08:52
The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
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但欧盟要求他们付世界上最高的税。
08:56
So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.,
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所以如果你可以走私香烟进欧盟
08:59
there are very handsome profits to be made,
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就能赚到极高的利润
09:02
and I want to show you this to demonstrate
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我想向各位展示一下
09:04
the type of resources available to these groups.
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这些团体拥有着何等的资源
09:07
This boat is worth one million Euros when it's new.
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这艘船的造价是100万欧元
09:11
And it's the fastest thing on European waters.
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欧洲再没有什么跑得比它快了
09:15
From 1994, for seven years,
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从1994年开始，一共7年，
09:18
20 of these boats
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20艘这样的船
09:20
made the trip across the Adriatic,
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曾经成功的穿越过亚得里亚海，
09:23
from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
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每天晚上从黑山到意大利。
09:26
And as a consequence of this trade,
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这个交易导致
09:28
Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
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英国损失了80亿美元的收入
09:33
And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia
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而这些钱被用在了南斯拉夫战争中
09:37
and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
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还进了一些黑心商人的腰包
09:41
Now Italian police, when this trade started,
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这种交易刚刚开始的时候，意大利警方
09:44
had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
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只有两艘警舰可以跟他们跑得一样快
09:48
And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys
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这很重要，因为唯一抓住他们的方法
09:50
is if they run out of gas.
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就是让他们跑到没汽油
09:53
Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them
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有时候黑手党会带着
09:55
women being trafficked into prostitution,
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被拐来卖淫的女人
09:58
and if the police intervened, they would hurl
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如果警察干预，他们会把
10:00
the women into the sea
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这些女人抛入大海
10:03
so that the police had to go and save them from drowning,
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所以警察必须去救这些人，
10:05
rather than chasing the bad guys.
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而不是继续追赶，
10:09
So I have shown you this to demonstrate
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给各位看这些是想说明
10:12
how many boats, how many vessels it takes
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需要多少船，多少快艇
10:14
to catch one of these guys.
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才能抓到这些人
10:16
And the answer is six vessels.
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答案是6艘
10:18
And remember, 20 of these speed boats
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要知道，有20艘这样的快船
10:21
were coming across the Adriatic
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每晚穿梭在
10:23
every single night.
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亚得里亚海上
10:25
So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
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罪犯把挣到的钱都用在什么地方了呢？
10:29
Well, this is where we come to globalization,
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这就要提到全球化问题了
10:33
because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
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因为这不只是破坏世界交易规定
10:36
It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
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还有世界金融市场的自由化
10:39
And boy, did that make it easy
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老实说，洗钱实在是
10:42
for the money launderers.
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太容易了
10:44
The last two decades have been the champagne era
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过去的20年是一个值得用香槟庆祝的时代
10:47
for dirty lucre.
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对于黑钱来说
10:49
In the 1990s, we saw financial centers around the world
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自1990以来，我们看见世界各地的金融中心们
10:53
competing for their business,
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为它们的生意互相竞争
10:56
and there was simply no effective mechanism
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然而却没有一个有效地机制
10:58
to prevent money laundering.
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去防止洗钱活动
11:00
And a lot of licit banks were also happy
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而且很多合法的银行也乐于
11:03
to accept deposits
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接受存款
11:06
from very dubious sources
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尽管来源非常可疑
11:08
without questions being asked.
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也不会问任何问题
11:11
But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
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这些问题的根源在于跨国银行网络
11:15
Now these things
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现在这些事情
11:18
are an essential part of the money laundering parade,
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已经成为洗钱狂潮的核心部分
11:21
and if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion
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如果你想阻止非法避税
11:25
and transnational organized crime, money laundering,
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国际化有组织犯罪、洗钱
11:29
you have to get rid of them.
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你就必须摆脱它们
11:31
On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House
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好消息是，白宫里有些还在
11:34
who has consistently spoken out
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坚持提出
11:37
against these corrosive entities.
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反对这些腐化的集团
11:40
And if anyone is concerned about what I believe
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如果有任何人跟我一样关心这样的问题
11:44
is the necessity for
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注意最重要的事情是
11:47
new legislation, regulation, effective regulation,
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对于新的法律，规定，有效的规则
11:50
I say, let's take a look at Bernie Madoff,
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让我们看看Bernie Madoff
11:54
who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
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他将在监狱中度过他的余生
11:58
Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
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Bernie Madoff偷了650亿美元
12:04
That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters
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这使他成为了可以比肩哥伦比亚三大贩毒集团
12:07
with the Colombian cartels
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和主要俄罗斯犯罪组织的
12:09
and the major Russian crime syndicates,
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地位最高的黑手党
12:12
but he did this for decades
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不同的是，他这样做了几十年
12:14
in the very heart of Wall Street,
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而且就在华尔街深处
12:16
and no regulator picked up on it.
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没有任何规则可以将他找出来
12:19
So how many other Madoffs are there on Wall Street
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所以华尔街上还有多少个Madoffs在华尔街？
12:22
or in the city of London,
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或者在伦敦
12:24
fleecing ordinary folk
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伪装成普通人
12:26
and money laundering?
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继续洗着钱？
12:28
Well I can tell you, it's quite a few of them.
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我可以告诉各位，真的很多
12:32
Let me go on to the 101 of international organized crime now.
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让我们来一个“有组织犯罪入门”吧
12:36
And that is narcotics. Our second marijuana farm photograph for the morning.
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毒品。这是我们今早展示的第二张大麻工厂的照片
12:40
This one, however, is in central British Columbia
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这张照片，是我在不列颠哥伦比亚省中部
12:43
where I photographed it.
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拍摄到的
12:45
It's one of the tens of thousands
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它只是成千上万的
12:47
of mom-and-pop grow-ops in B.C.
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不列颠哥伦比亚的家庭毒品农场之一
12:50
which ensure that over five percent
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全省GDP的5%以上
12:53
of the province's GDP is accounted for by this trade.
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都是靠这项生意提供的
12:57
Now, I was taken by inspector Brian Cantera,
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现在，Brian Cantera探长带着我，
13:02
of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
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他是加拿大皇家骑警，
13:04
to a cavernous warehouse east of Vancouver
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他带着我去温哥华东部的一个洞穴一样的仓库
13:06
to see some of the goods which are regularly confiscated
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去看一些被合法没收的物品
13:10
by the RCMP
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它们是加拿大皇家骑警
13:12
from the smugglers who are sending it,
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从走私者那里没收来的物品
13:14
of course, down south to the United States
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当然，走私的目标是美国的南部
13:17
where there is an insatiable market
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那里有一个永远不能满足的市场
13:19
for B.C. Bud, as it's called,
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他们称之为不列颠哥伦比亚的花蕾
13:22
in part because it's marketed as organic,
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部分因为它是作为有机商品来卖的
13:24
which of course goes down very well in California.
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所以在加利福尼亚的销路非常的好
13:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:30
(Applause)
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（掌声）
13:31
Now, even by the police's admission,
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现在就就连警方也承认
13:34
this makes not a dent in the profits, really,
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这对主要出口商的利益来说
13:39
of the major exporters.
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一点影响也没有
13:41
Since the beginning of globalization,
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在全球化开始之际
13:43
the global narcotics market has expanded enormously.
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全球的毒品市场就急速扩充得非常庞大
13:47
There has, however, been no concomitant increase
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不过却没有相应的增加
13:50
in the resources available
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用来对抗犯罪的资源
13:53
to police forces.
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给警方
13:55
This, however, may all be about to change,
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然而，这一切将有所改变
14:00
because something very strange is going on.
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因为有些非常奇怪的事情正在发生
14:02
The United Nations recognized
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联合国已经意识到
14:04
earlier this -- it was last month actually --
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确切的说是上个月意识到
14:07
that Canada has become a key area of distribution and production
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加拿大已经成为了一个重要的生产和分销地区
14:13
of ecstasy and other synthetic drugs.
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在摇头丸和其他合成毒品交易方面
14:17
Interestingly, the market share
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有趣的是，市场份额中
14:19
of heroin and cocaine is going down,
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海洛因和可卡因正在下降
14:22
because the pills are getting ever better at reproducing their highs.
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因为这些药丸在对它们所产生的作用进行改良。
14:27
Now that is a game changer,
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现在游戏规则改变了
14:31
because it shifts production away from the developing world
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因为它把生产地从发展中国家转移到了
14:35
and into the Western world.
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西方世界
14:39
When that happens, it is a trend
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当它发生成为一个趋势
14:41
which is set to overwhelm our policing capacity in the West.
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它就会超越我们西方警力的能力之外
14:45
The drugs policy which we've had in place for 40 years
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我们的缉毒警察已经原地踏步了40年
14:49
is long overdue for a very serious rethink,
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而我们早应该对此严肃的重新思考一下
14:54
in my opinion.
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这是我个人观点
14:56
Now, the recession.
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现在来谈谈经济衰退
14:58
Well, organized crime has already adapted
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其实，有组织犯罪早已适应了
15:00
very well to the recession.
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他们适应得非常好
15:02
Not surprising, the most opportunistic industry
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说他们是全世界最投机的商人
15:04
in the whole world.
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一点也不奇怪
15:06
And it has no rules to its regulatory system.
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而且它没有规定和管制系统。
15:10
Except, of course, it has two business risks:
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但是，他们也有两个经营上的风险
15:14
arrest by law enforcement,
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一个是被依法逮捕，
15:16
which is, frankly, the least of their worries,
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但是说真的，这是他们最不担心的
15:18
and competition from other groups,
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第二个是与其他组织竞争
15:21
i.e. a bullet in the back of the head.
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就像是脑门后抵着一把枪
15:23
What they've done is they've shifted their operations.
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已收到威胁他们就会马上转移生意的运作
15:26
People don't smoke as much dope, or visit prostitutes quite so frequently
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人们不再大量吸毒，也不常去找妓女
15:30
during a recession.
315
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因为经济衰退了
15:32
And so instead, they have invaded financial
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于是他们转而加大了金融犯罪
15:34
and corporate crime in a big way,
317
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和企业犯罪的投入
15:36
but above all, two sectors,
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整体而言有两个部分
15:38
and that is counterfeit goods
319
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一个是假冒伪劣商品
15:41
and cybercrime.
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另一个是网络犯罪
15:43
And it's been terribly successful.
321
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而且非常成功。
15:45
I would like to introduce you to Mr. Pringle.
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我想向你们介绍Pringle先生。
15:48
Or perhaps I should say, more accurately, Señor Pringle.
323
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或者更准确的说，Pringle先生（Señor,西班牙语中先生的意思）
15:52
I was introduced to this bit of kit by a Brazilian cybercriminal.
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我是通过一位巴西网络罪犯认识他的
15:56
We sat in a car on the Avenue Paulista
325
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我们一起坐在车里，车停在圣保罗的
15:58
in São Paulo, together.
326
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Paulista 街道
16:00
Hooked it up to my laptop,
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通过我的笔记本电脑，
16:02
and within about five minutes he had penetrated
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不到5分钟他就侵入了电脑
16:05
the computer security system
329
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安全系统
16:07
of a major Brazilian bank.
330
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系统属于巴西某大型银行
16:10
It's really not that difficult.
331
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那真的算不上难
16:12
And it's actually much easier because
332
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而且可以说非常简单，因为
16:15
the fascinating thing about cybercrime
333
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网络犯罪的诱人之处
16:17
is that it's not so much the technology.
334
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就在于它并不是十分高科技
16:21
The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering.
335
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网络犯罪其实是一种我们称作为社会工程的东西
16:25
Or to use the technical term for it,
336
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或者是术语上是这么用的
16:27
there's one born every minute.
337
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每一分钟都会有新的诞生
16:30
You would not believe how easy it is
338
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它简单到你无法想象
16:33
to persuade people to do things with their computers
339
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要人们去使用他们的电脑
16:36
which are objectively not in their interest.
340
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多数人都不会感兴趣
16:39
And it was very soon
341
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但是，很快的
16:41
when the cybercriminals learned that the quickest way to do this,
342
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当网络罪犯们发现最快的一条通道
16:43
of course, the quickest way to a person's wallet
343
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当然是直接掏空别人的钱包
16:47
is through the promise of sex and love.
344
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用虚无的性爱承诺和爱情的盟约
16:50
I expect some of you remember the ILOVEYOU virus,
345
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我想各位应该还记得“I-love-you"病毒吧
16:53
one of the very great worldwide viruses that came.
346
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他是全世界最成功的病毒之一
16:57
I was very fortunate when the ILOVEYOU virus came out,
347
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当这个病毒出现的时候我很幸运
17:00
because the first person I received it from
348
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因为第一个把它传播给我的人
17:03
was an ex-girlfriend of mine.
349
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是我的前女友
17:05
Now, she harbored all sorts of sentiments and emotions towards me at the time,
350
1013000
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她当时对我有很多的情绪以及感受
17:10
but love was not amongst them.
351
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不过“爱”绝对不在其中
17:12
(Laughter)
352
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2000
（笑声）
17:14
And so as soon as I saw this drop into my inbox,
353
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在我看见这些信在我的收信箱的时候
17:18
I dispatched it hastily to the recycle bin
354
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3000
我马上就把它给删掉了
17:21
and spared myself a very nasty infection.
355
1029000
5000
这让我省了不少的麻烦
17:26
So, cybercrime, do watch out for it.
356
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所以，大家真的要小心网络犯罪
17:30
One thing that we do know that the Internet is doing
357
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我们知道网络对于犯罪者而言
17:32
is the Internet is assisting these guys.
358
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是帮助犯罪的工具
17:35
These are mosquitos who carry the malarial parasite
359
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3000
他们是携带着疟原虫的蚊子
17:38
which infests our blood when the mosy has had a free meal
360
1046000
4000
当得到免费的午餐他们就可以侵扰我们的血液
17:42
at our expense.
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并损害我们的利益。
17:44
Now, Artesunate is a very effective drug
362
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3000
现在，青蒿琥酯是一种非常有效的药物
17:47
at destroying the parasite in the early days
363
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它可以在感染的初期
17:50
of infection.
364
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杀死寄生虫
17:52
But over the past year or so,
365
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但是在过去的一年
17:54
researchers in Cambodia have discovered
366
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3000
柬埔寨的研究员发现
17:57
that what's happening is
367
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发生了些变化
18:00
the malarial parasite is developing a resistance.
368
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这些寄生虫开始出现了抗药性
18:03
And they fear that the reason why it's developing a resistance
369
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研究人员担心抗药性的产生
18:06
is because Cambodians can't afford the drugs on the commercial market,
370
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是由于柬埔寨人无法负担一般市场的药物
18:10
and so they buy it from the Internet.
371
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所以他们只能从互联网上购买
18:13
And these pills contain only low doses
372
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然而者写药品内含的
18:15
of the active ingredient.
373
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剂量不足
18:17
Which is why
374
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这导致了变异的发生、
18:19
the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance.
375
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这些病菌没有被杀死，反而产生了抗药性
18:23
The reason I say this
376
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我说这个原因是
18:25
is because we have to know
377
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因为我们必须知道
18:27
that organized crime
378
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有组织犯罪
18:29
impacts all sorts of areas of our lives.
379
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正冲击着我们生活中所有的方面
18:32
You don't have to sleep with prostitutes
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你不必去找妓女
18:35
or take drugs
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或者吸毒
18:37
in order to have a relationship with organized crime.
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就可以跟有组织犯罪者发生关系
18:39
They affect our bank accounts.
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他们影响着我们的银行账户
18:41
They affect our communications, our pension funds.
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他们影响着我们的交流，我们的退休金
18:43
They even affect the food that we eat
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他们甚至影响我们的食物
18:47
and our governments.
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和我们的政府
18:49
This is no longer an issue
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这已经不仅仅是一个来自于帕尔默和纽约的
18:52
of Sicilians from Palermo and New York.
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西西里黑手党问题了
18:55
There is no romance involved with gangsters
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黑手党们并不浪漫
18:58
in the 21st Century.
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在21世纪的今天
19:00
This is a mighty industry,
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他们是一个万能的行业
19:03
and it creates instability and violence
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他们创造不稳定的局势和暴力
19:06
wherever it goes.
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不管到哪里
19:08
It is a major economic force
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他们都会成为当地的主要经济力量
19:10
and we need to take it very, very seriously.
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而我们需要非常非常严肃的对待这个问题
19:14
It's been a privilege talking to you.
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很荣幸能跟各位聊这些
19:16
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
19:18
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com