TED2010
James Cameron: Before Avatar ... a curious boy
詹姆斯·卡梅隆（James Cameron）：《阿凡达》之前的好奇小男孩
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
2,210,851 views
詹姆斯·卡梅隆大成本（高票房）的电影创造了一个个属于它们自己的奇妙虚幻世界。在这场真诚的演讲中，卡梅隆揭示了他年少时对神奇事物的好奇──从科幻读物到深海潜水，并解释了这份好奇心是如何帮助他创造了一个又一个的商业巨片──《异性》《终结者》《泰坦尼克号》《阿凡达》。
James Cameron - Director
James Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul. Full bio
James Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I grew up on a steady diet of science fiction.
0
0
5000
我是在科幻小说的陪伴下长大的。
00:20
In high school, I took a bus to school
1
5000
3000
高中的时候，我每天要搭乘
00:23
an hour each way every day.
2
8000
2000
一个小时的公交车往返学校。
00:25
And I was always absorbed in a book,
3
10000
2000
漫长车程中，我总是沉浸在书本里，
00:27
science fiction book,
4
12000
2000
那些科幻小说
00:29
which took my mind to other worlds,
5
14000
3000
将我的思想带到其他的世界，
00:32
and satisfied, in a narrative form,
6
17000
4000
以叙事的方式，
00:36
this insatiable sense of curiosity that I had.
7
21000
5000
满足了我当时强烈的好奇感。
00:41
And you know, that curiosity also manifested itself
8
26000
3000
除此之外，我的好奇心也展现在其他方面：
00:44
in the fact that whenever I wasn't in school
9
29000
3000
每当我不需要上课的时候，
00:47
I was out in the woods,
10
32000
2000
我总会前往树林里，
00:49
hiking and taking "samples" --
11
34000
4000
远足和采集“标本”，
00:53
frogs and snakes and bugs and pond water --
12
38000
2000
青蛙呀、蛇呀、虫子呀、池水呀，
00:55
and bringing it back, looking at it under the microscope.
13
40000
3000
通通带回家中，放到显微镜下研究。
00:58
You know, I was a real science geek.
14
43000
2000
我当时算得上是极品的科学狂人。
01:00
But it was all about trying to understand the world,
15
45000
3000
但这一切都是为了尝试了解这个世界，
01:03
understand the limits of possibility.
16
48000
4000
了解可能的边界。
01:07
And my love of science fiction
17
52000
4000
而我对科幻小说的喜爱
01:11
actually seemed mirrored in the world around me,
18
56000
3000
也是与我周围的世界相呼应的，
01:14
because what was happening, this was in the late '60s,
19
59000
2000
因为当时是60年代末期，
01:16
we were going to the moon,
20
61000
3000
人类开始登月，
01:19
we were exploring the deep oceans.
21
64000
2000
开始潜入深海。
01:21
Jacques Cousteau was coming into our living rooms
22
66000
3000
雅克.格斯特（法国电影摄影师）将他神奇的视觉特效
01:24
with his amazing specials that showed us
23
69000
3000
带入我们的生活中，为我们呈现了
01:27
animals and places and a wondrous world
24
72000
2000
之前无法想象的动物、
01:29
that we could never really have previously imagined.
25
74000
3000
景观和一个美妙的世界。
01:32
So, that seemed to resonate
26
77000
2000
这一切都似乎和科幻小说之间
01:34
with the whole science fiction part of it.
27
79000
3000
产生着共鸣。
01:37
And I was an artist.
28
82000
2000
与此同时，我也是名艺术家。
01:39
I could draw. I could paint.
29
84000
2000
我能绘能画。
01:41
And I found that because there weren't video games
30
86000
3000
我也发现因为当时没有电子游戏、
01:44
and this saturation of CG movies and all of this
31
89000
4000
特效电影的渗入以及现今传媒产业中
01:48
imagery in the media landscape,
32
93000
3000
大量的图像化，
01:51
I had to create these images in my head.
33
96000
2000
我不得不在我的头脑中来创造这些图像。
01:53
You know, we all did, as kids having to
34
98000
2000
相信大家小时候都和我一样，
01:55
read a book, and through the author's description,
35
100000
3000
在读书的时候，往往会在我们大脑中
01:58
put something on the movie screen in our heads.
36
103000
4000
把作者所描述的东西向电影一样播放。
02:02
And so, my response to this was to paint, to draw
37
107000
3000
而我对此的回应则是描绘
02:05
alien creatures, alien worlds,
38
110000
2000
外星生物、外星世界、
02:07
robots, spaceships, all that stuff.
39
112000
2000
机器人、宇宙飞船、等等。
02:09
I was endlessly getting busted in math class
40
114000
3000
我躲在教科书后面涂鸦的行径
02:12
doodling behind the textbook.
41
117000
3000
总是被数学老师给逮个正着。
02:15
That was -- the creativity
42
120000
3000
正因此，我不得不为我的创造力
02:18
had to find its outlet somehow.
43
123000
4000
寻求其他的宣泄途径。
02:22
And an interesting thing happened: The Jacques Cousteau shows
44
127000
3000
有趣的是，雅克.格斯特的影片令我惊喜地发现
02:25
actually got me very excited about the fact that there was
45
130000
3000
原来在这个地球上
02:28
an alien world right here on Earth.
46
133000
2000
就存在着一个外星世界。
02:30
I might not really go to an alien world
47
135000
3000
我也许无法真的在有生之年
02:33
on a spaceship someday --
48
138000
2000
乘坐宇宙飞船前往外星世界。
02:35
that seemed pretty darn unlikely.
49
140000
3000
这听起来太不着边际了。
02:38
But that was a world I could really go to,
50
143000
2000
但这个地球上确实存在着一个
02:40
right here on Earth, that was as rich and exotic
51
145000
2000
我真的可以前往的世界——
02:42
as anything that I had imagined
52
147000
3000
富饶而奇异，
02:45
from reading these books.
53
150000
2000
拥有着我通过书本所幻想的一切。
02:47
So, I decided I was going to become a scuba diver
54
152000
2000
因此在我15岁的那一年，我决定成为一名
02:49
at the age of 15.
55
154000
2000
潜水员。
02:51
And the only problem with that was that I lived
56
156000
2000
不过唯一的问题是，我当时
02:53
in a little village in Canada,
57
158000
2000
住在加拿大的一个小村庄里，
02:55
600 miles from the nearest ocean.
58
160000
3000
最近的海也要600英里远。
02:58
But I didn't let that daunt me.
59
163000
2000
但我却没有因此而心灰意冷。
03:00
I pestered my father until he finally found
60
165000
3000
我反复纠缠我的老爸，直到他在
03:03
a scuba class in Buffalo, New York,
61
168000
2000
纽约水牛市为我找到了一个潜水训练班，
03:05
right across the border from where we live.
62
170000
2000
它就在美加边界的另一侧。
03:07
And I actually got certified
63
172000
3000
就这样，在水牛市刺骨的深冬，
03:10
in a pool at a YMCA in the dead of winter
64
175000
2000
在基督教青年会的泳池内，
03:12
in Buffalo, New York.
65
177000
2000
我拿到了我的潜水证书。
03:14
And I didn't see the ocean, a real ocean,
66
179000
3000
但在随后的两年里，
03:17
for another two years,
67
182000
2000
我却不曾亲眼看见过大海，
03:19
until we moved to California.
68
184000
2000
直到我们搬到了加利福尼亚洲。
03:21
Since then, in the intervening
69
186000
3000
在那之后
03:24
40 years,
70
189000
2000
的40年里，
03:26
I've spent about 3,000 hours underwater,
71
191000
4000
我在水下度过了大概3000个小时。
03:30
and 500 hours of that was in submersibles.
72
195000
3000
其中500个小时是在潜水器中度过的。
03:33
And I've learned that that deep-ocean environment,
73
198000
3000
我发现深海之中──
03:36
and even the shallow oceans,
74
201000
2000
即使是浅海之中──
03:38
are so rich with amazing life
75
203000
4000
充满了令人惊奇的生命，
03:42
that really is beyond our imagination.
76
207000
3000
远远超出了我们的想象。
03:45
Nature's imagination is so boundless
77
210000
4000
同我们人类狭隘的想象范围相比
03:49
compared to our own
78
214000
2000
大自然的想象力
03:51
meager human imagination.
79
216000
2000
是无边无际的。
03:53
I still, to this day, stand in absolute awe
80
218000
2000
直到今日，我潜水时所目睹的一切
03:55
of what I see when I make these dives.
81
220000
3000
仍令我感到无比惊奇。
03:58
And my love affair with the ocean is ongoing,
82
223000
3000
我对海洋的热爱
04:01
and just as strong as it ever was.
83
226000
2000
始终如一、不曾改变。
04:03
But when I chose a career as an adult,
84
228000
3000
但当我长大成人，需要择业的时候，
04:06
it was filmmaking.
85
231000
3000
我选择了电影制作。
04:09
And that seemed to be the best way to reconcile
86
234000
3000
在当时看来，这是将我
04:12
this urge I had to tell stories
87
237000
2000
讲故事的渴求与创造图象的欲望
04:14
with my urges to create images.
88
239000
4000
合二为一的最好途径。
04:18
And I was, as a kid, constantly drawing comic books, and so on.
89
243000
3000
在我还是个孩子的时候，我常常画漫画。
04:21
So, filmmaking was the way to put pictures and stories
90
246000
2000
而电影制作正好将图象和故事结合在一起。
04:23
together, and that made sense.
91
248000
2000
理所当然，水到渠成。
04:25
And of course the stories that I chose to tell
92
250000
3000
当然了，我讲的故事都是些科幻故事
04:28
were science fiction stories: "Terminator," "Aliens"
93
253000
2000
《终结者》《异性》
04:30
and "The Abyss."
94
255000
2000
和《深渊》。
04:32
And with "The Abyss," I was putting together my love
95
257000
3000
在《深渊》中，我将我对深海和潜水的喜爱
04:35
of underwater and diving with filmmaking.
96
260000
2000
与电影制作结合到了一起。
04:37
So, you know, merging the two passions.
97
262000
3000
将两份热忱，合二为一。
04:40
Something interesting came out of "The Abyss,"
98
265000
4000
而《深渊》也带来了另一种启迪：
04:44
which was that to solve a specific narrative
99
269000
3000
为了更好的呈现
04:47
problem on that film,
100
272000
3000
影片的叙事模式，
04:50
which was to create this kind of liquid water creature,
101
275000
4000
创造出影片中的液体水生物，
04:54
we actually embraced computer generated animation, CG.
102
279000
6000
我们开始使用电脑动画技术。
05:00
And this resulted in the first soft-surface
103
285000
5000
电影业中的首个
05:05
character, CG animation
104
290000
3000
电脑制作的软表面人物
05:08
that was ever in a movie.
105
293000
2000
也因此而诞生。
05:10
And even though the film didn't make any money --
106
295000
2000
尽管那部电影票房不济，
05:12
barely broke even, I should say --
107
297000
3000
刚好回本罢了，
05:15
I witnessed something amazing, which is that the audience,
108
300000
2000
我却因此而目睹了令人惊奇的一幕──
05:17
the global audience, was mesmerized
109
302000
2000
全球观众都被影片所呈现的魔法
05:19
by this apparent magic.
110
304000
2000
深深吸引。
05:21
You know, it's Arthur Clarke's law
111
306000
2000
这就是阿瑟·克拉克定律──
05:23
that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
112
308000
4000
先进的科技和魔法之间是难以区分的。
05:27
They were seeing something magical.
113
312000
3000
而当时观众所目睹的正是这种魔力。
05:30
And so that got me very excited.
114
315000
3000
这令我感到无比兴奋。
05:33
And I thought, "Wow, this is something that needs to be embraced
115
318000
2000
我当时想到，“天呀，这项技术需要在电影艺术中
05:35
into the cinematic art."
116
320000
2000
大范围推广。”
05:37
So, with "Terminator 2," which was my next film,
117
322000
2000
所以在我的下一部电影《终结者2》中，
05:39
we took that much farther.
118
324000
2000
我们将这项技术推上了新的台阶。
05:41
Working with ILM, we created the liquid metal dude
119
326000
3000
通过和“工业光魔”(ILM)电影特效公司的合作，我们创造了影片中那个
05:44
in that film. The success hung in the balance
120
329000
2000
液体金属家伙。而电影的成功与否
05:46
on whether that effect would work.
121
331000
2000
将取决于这项技术能否奏效。
05:48
And it did, and we created magic again,
122
333000
2000
结果它奏效了。我们再次创造了魔法。
05:50
and we had the same result with an audience --
123
335000
2000
我们再次从观众那里得到了同样的回馈。
05:52
although we did make a little more money on that one.
124
337000
2000
不过那部电影的票房要稍微好一点。
05:54
So, drawing a line through those two dots
125
339000
5000
综合这两次经历，
05:59
of experience
126
344000
3000
我们意识到
06:02
came to, "This is going to be a whole new world,"
127
347000
2000
这将是一个全新的世界
06:04
this was a whole new world of creativity
128
349000
2000
一个容许电影艺术者们施展想象力的
06:06
for film artists.
129
351000
3000
全新世界。
06:09
So, I started a company with Stan Winston,
130
354000
2000
所以我和我的好友Stan Winston
06:11
my good friend Stan Winston,
131
356000
2000
成立了一家公司。
06:13
who is the premier make-up and creature designer
132
358000
4000
Stan Winston是当时的知名化妆师和造型师。
06:17
at that time, and it was called Digital Domain.
133
362000
3000
公司的名字就叫做"数码领域"（Digital Domain）。
06:20
And the concept of the company was
134
365000
2000
而公司的理念就是
06:22
that we would leapfrog past
135
367000
3000
蛙跳过去光学打印机等等的
06:25
the analog processes of optical printers and so on,
136
370000
3000
模拟过程，
06:28
and we would go right to digital production.
137
373000
2000
直接转入数码制作。
06:30
And we actually did that and it gave us a competitive advantage for a while.
138
375000
4000
事实上我们的确做到了这一点，使得我们在一段时间内占据了先机。
06:34
But we found ourselves lagging in the mid '90s
139
379000
3000
但在90年代中叶，我们发现虽然公司的初衷
06:37
in the creature and character design stuff
140
382000
3000
是在生物、人物设计方面有所建树，
06:40
that we had actually founded the company to do.
141
385000
3000
但我们在这一方面却是落伍了。
06:43
So, I wrote this piece called "Avatar,"
142
388000
2000
因此我创作了这个《阿凡达》的作品，
06:45
which was meant to absolutely push the envelope
143
390000
4000
旨在将视觉效果
06:49
of visual effects,
144
394000
2000
和电脑特效
06:51
of CG effects, beyond,
145
396000
2000
推向极限，
06:53
with realistic human emotive characters
146
398000
4000
利用电脑动画制造出
06:57
generated in CG,
147
402000
2000
具有真实人类情感的生物。
06:59
and the main characters would all be in CG,
148
404000
2000
主要角色将由电脑制作。
07:01
and the world would be in CG.
149
406000
2000
整个场景将由电脑制作。
07:03
And the envelope pushed back,
150
408000
2000
但我却碰了一鼻子灰。
07:05
and I was told by the folks at my company
151
410000
5000
我们公司里的人告诉我说
07:10
that we weren't going to be able to do this for a while.
152
415000
2000
我们在当时的技术条件下，是无法完成这样的特效的。
07:12
So, I shelved it, and I made this other movie about a big ship that sinks.
153
417000
4000
所以我将这个想法放置一旁，转而制作了一部关于大船沉入海底的电影。
07:16
(Laughter)
154
421000
3000
（笑声）
07:19
You know, I went and pitched it to the studio as "'Romeo and Juliet' on a ship:
155
424000
3000
我当时跟电影公司说这部电影将会是船上的“罗密欧与朱丽叶”，
07:22
"It's going to be this epic romance,
156
427000
2000
将会是一部史诗般的、
07:24
passionate film."
157
429000
2000
浪漫激情的电影。
07:26
Secretly, what I wanted to do was
158
431000
2000
但私底下，我的真实动机
07:28
I wanted to dive to the real wreck of "Titanic."
159
433000
3000
是去拜访一下泰坦尼克的残骸。
07:31
And that's why I made the movie.
160
436000
2000
这才是我制作那部电影的原因。
07:33
(Applause)
161
438000
4000
（掌声）
07:37
And that's the truth. Now, the studio didn't know that.
162
442000
2000
我说的是事实。不过电影公司当时是不知情的。
07:39
But I convinced them. I said,
163
444000
2000
我说服了他们。我说：
07:41
"We're going to dive to the wreck. We're going to film it for real.
164
446000
2000
“我们将潜入船骸，实地取景，
07:43
We'll be using it in the opening of the film.
165
448000
3000
作为影片的开场。
07:46
It will be really important. It will be a great marketing hook."
166
451000
2000
此事至关重要、极具噱头。”
07:48
And I talked them into funding an expedition.
167
453000
2000
于是我说服了他们投资于一场冒险历程。
07:50
(Laughter)
168
455000
2000
（笑声）
07:52
Sounds crazy. But this goes back to that theme
169
457000
2000
听起来很疯狂。但这件事归根结底，依旧是关于
07:54
about your imagination creating a reality.
170
459000
3000
如果用你的想像力来创造一个现实。
07:57
Because we actually created a reality where six months later,
171
462000
2000
事实上，我们的确在六个月后创造了一个现实──
07:59
I find myself in a Russian submersible
172
464000
2000
我在北大西洋2.5英里水下，
08:01
two and a half miles down in the north Atlantic,
173
466000
3000
身处一个俄罗斯潜水器中，
08:04
looking at the real Titanic through a view port.
174
469000
2000
通过一个视口观望真正的泰坦尼克。
08:06
Not a movie, not HD -- for real.
175
471000
3000
不是电影，不是高清，而是身临其境。
08:09
(Applause)
176
474000
3000
（掌声）
08:12
Now, that blew my mind.
177
477000
2000
那次经历令我大为惊叹。
08:14
And it took a lot of preparation, we had to build cameras
178
479000
2000
前期的准备工作是很繁琐的，我们需要搭建摄像机、
08:16
and lights and all kinds of things.
179
481000
2000
灯光等等。
08:18
But, it struck me how much
180
483000
2000
但真正让我震惊的是
08:20
this dive, these deep dives,
181
485000
2000
这些深海潜水活动
08:22
was like a space mission.
182
487000
2000
就如宇宙探险一样。
08:24
You know, where it was highly technical,
183
489000
2000
两者都是高科技产物，
08:26
and it required enormous planning.
184
491000
2000
两者都需要缜密的部署。
08:28
You get in this capsule, you go down to this dark
185
493000
2000
你踏进船舱，踏入这漆黑
08:30
hostile environment
186
495000
3000
险恶的环境，
08:33
where there is no hope of rescue
187
498000
2000
如果你无法依靠自己的力量返回的话，
08:35
if you can't get back by yourself.
188
500000
2000
你是没有任何被营救的可能的。
08:37
And I thought like, "Wow. I'm like,
189
502000
2000
我当时想到：“天呀。我就好像
08:39
living in a science fiction movie.
190
504000
2000
活在一个科幻电影里面一样。
08:41
This is really cool."
191
506000
2000
太酷了！”
08:43
And so, I really got bitten by the bug of deep-ocean exploration.
192
508000
3000
正因此，深海探险成了我新的嗜好。
08:46
Of course, the curiosity, the science component of it --
193
511000
3000
当然了，这归结于其中的好奇感、科学性。
08:49
it was everything. It was adventure,
194
514000
2000
它是万物合一、是探求未知、
08:51
it was curiosity, it was imagination.
195
516000
2000
是好奇无边、是想象无限，
08:53
And it was an experience that
196
518000
3000
是好莱坞无法给予我的
08:56
Hollywood couldn't give me.
197
521000
2000
难得经历。
08:58
Because, you know, I could imagine a creature and we could
198
523000
2000
虽然我可以想象出一个生物，然后利用电脑特效将它创造出来，
09:00
create a visual effect for it. But I couldn't imagine what I was seeing
199
525000
2000
但我却无法想象出那天我透过潜水窗
09:02
out that window.
200
527000
2000
所看到的一切。
09:04
As we did some of our subsequent expeditions,
201
529000
3000
在我们随后的探险过程中，
09:07
I was seeing creatures at hydrothermal vents
202
532000
2000
我观测到过居住在热液喷口的生物，
09:09
and sometimes things that I had never seen before,
203
534000
4000
有时会看到我之前从来没有看过的东西，
09:13
sometimes things that no one had seen before,
204
538000
2000
有时会看到任何人之前都没有看过的东西，
09:15
that actually were not described by science
205
540000
2000
甚至是一些在我们当时目击并记录之前
09:17
at the time that we saw them and imaged them.
206
542000
3000
还没有被科学所描述的事物。
09:20
So, I was completely smitten by this,
207
545000
3000
正因此，我对此是神魂颠倒，
09:23
and had to do more.
208
548000
2000
不得不继续下去。
09:25
And so, I actually made a kind of curious decision.
209
550000
2000
于是我做出了一个令人惊讶的决定。
09:27
After the success of "Titanic,"
210
552000
2000
在《泰坦尼克号》取得成功之后，
09:29
I said, "OK, I'm going to park my day job
211
554000
3000
我决定：“好吧，我在好莱坞制作电影的工作
09:32
as a Hollywood movie maker,
212
557000
2000
到这里就可以告一段落了。
09:34
and I'm going to go be a full-time explorer for a while."
213
559000
4000
在接下来的一段时间里，我要成为一名全职探险家。”
09:38
And so, we started planning these
214
563000
2000
因此，我们开始计划
09:40
expeditions.
215
565000
2000
这些探险活动。
09:42
And we wound up going to the Bismark,
216
567000
2000
我们前往俾斯麦沉船，
09:44
and exploring it with robotic vehicles.
217
569000
4000
利用机器人装置来探测它的残骸。
09:48
We went back to the Titanic wreck.
218
573000
2000
我们随后又回到了泰坦尼克的残骸。
09:50
We took little bots that we had created
219
575000
2000
并且创造出了一批可以
09:52
that spooled a fiber optic.
220
577000
2000
缠绕光学纤维的机器人。
09:54
And the idea was to go in and do an interior
221
579000
2000
目的就是深入到残骸中，探索其内部的样子
09:56
survey of that ship, which had never been done.
222
581000
4000
──一个前无古人的做法。
10:00
Nobody had ever looked inside the wreck. They didn't have the means to do it,
223
585000
2000
在此之前，没有人看过残骸的内部。他们没有所需要的技术，
10:02
so we created technology to do it.
224
587000
3000
所以我们就创造出相应的技术。
10:05
So, you know, here I am now, on the deck
225
590000
2000
要知道，我当时就在泰坦尼克的甲板上，
10:07
of Titanic, sitting in a submersible,
226
592000
3000
坐在一个潜水器内，
10:10
and looking out at planks that look much like this,
227
595000
3000
看着就如同这个的木质甲板，
10:13
where I knew that the band had played.
228
598000
3000
心想着曾在这里表演的乐队。
10:16
And I'm flying a little robotic vehicle
229
601000
2000
我操控着一个小型的机器人探索器
10:18
through the corridor of the ship.
230
603000
3000
飞过船内的走廊。
10:21
When I say, "I'm operating it,"
231
606000
3000
虽然我在操控着它，
10:24
but my mind is in the vehicle.
232
609000
3000
我的思想却是在这个探索器内，
10:27
I felt like I was physically present
233
612000
2000
我感觉我确确实实地
10:29
inside the shipwreck of Titanic.
234
614000
2000
置身在泰坦尼克的残骸中。
10:31
And it was the most surreal kind
235
616000
2000
那是我所经历过的最难以置信的
10:33
of deja vu experience I've ever had,
236
618000
2000
此曾相识的感觉，
10:35
because I would know before I turned a corner
237
620000
4000
因为在机器人的探测灯照亮周围之前，
10:39
what was going to be there before the lights
238
624000
2000
我就已经知道每个转角背后
10:41
of the vehicle actually revealed it,
239
626000
2000
所隐藏的一切，
10:43
because I had walked the set for months
240
628000
2000
原因就在于电影制作的过程中，
10:45
when we were making the movie.
241
630000
3000
我花费了很多个月的时间在这个场景中走来走去。
10:48
And the set was based as an exact replica
242
633000
2000
而摄影棚中的道具就是依照这个船的设计图
10:50
on the blueprints of the ship.
243
635000
2000
所制造出来的一个真实模型。
10:52
So, it was this absolutely remarkable experience.
244
637000
3000
所以那一次的经历是非比寻常的，
10:55
And it really made me realize that
245
640000
2000
它使我感受到了一种
10:57
the telepresence experience --
246
642000
2000
远程监控的经历──
10:59
that you actually can have these robotic avatars,
247
644000
2000
我们甚至上拥有这些机器人形态的阿凡达，
11:01
then your consciousness is injected into the vehicle,
248
646000
5000
我们将我们的思想意识注入其中，
11:06
into this other form of existence.
249
651000
2000
注入另外一种存在形式中。
11:08
It was really, really quite profound.
250
653000
2000
这的确是很深刻的感受。
11:10
And it may be a little bit of a glimpse as to what might be happening
251
655000
3000
也许这一切可以让我们大致猜想几十年后的世界
11:13
some decades out
252
658000
2000
会是怎样。
11:15
as we start to have cyborg bodies
253
660000
3000
作为一名科学小说迷
11:18
for exploration or for other means
254
663000
2000
我可以想象各种
11:20
in many sort of
255
665000
2000
后人类社会的未来，
11:22
post-human futures
256
667000
2000
利用半机械人
11:24
that I can imagine,
257
669000
2000
来进行探险
11:26
as a science fiction fan.
258
671000
2000
以及其他活动。
11:28
So, having done these expeditions,
259
673000
5000
所以通过这些探险
11:33
and really beginning to appreciate what was down there,
260
678000
4000
我开始真正地欣赏海底的美妙，
11:37
such as at the deep ocean vents
261
682000
3000
比如那些生活在深海裂口处的
11:40
where we had these amazing, amazing animals --
262
685000
3000
奇妙的动物们。
11:43
they're basically aliens right here on Earth.
263
688000
2000
它们算得上就是地球上的外星生物。
11:45
They live in an environment of chemosynthesis.
264
690000
3000
它们住在一个化学合成的环境中，
11:48
They don't survive on sunlight-based
265
693000
2000
完全不需要我们赖以生存的
11:50
system the way we do.
266
695000
2000
太阳光照。
11:52
And so, you're seeing animals that are living next to
267
697000
2000
所以当你看到那些
11:54
a 500-degree-Centigrade
268
699000
2000
生活在500度高温的海底地柱周边的
11:56
water plumes.
269
701000
2000
动物的时候，
11:58
You think they can't possibly exist.
270
703000
2000
你觉得它们完全不可能存活。
12:00
At the same time
271
705000
2000
与此同时，
12:02
I was getting very interested in space science as well --
272
707000
3000
我也开始对太空科技感兴趣。
12:05
again, it's the science fiction influence, as a kid.
273
710000
3000
这自然也是受到了年少时候科学小说的影响。
12:08
And I wound up getting involved with
274
713000
2000
结果我和太空社区建立了
12:10
the space community,
275
715000
2000
很紧密的联系，
12:12
really involved with NASA,
276
717000
2000
和美国航天局合作，
12:14
sitting on the NASA advisory board,
277
719000
3000
成为了他们咨询委员会的一员，
12:17
planning actual space missions,
278
722000
2000
策划真正的太空任务，
12:19
going to Russia, going through the pre-cosmonaut
279
724000
2000
前往俄罗斯，参观宇航员之前的
12:21
biomedical protocols,
280
726000
2000
生物科学协议
12:23
and all these sorts of things,
281
728000
2000
等等一系列的事情
12:25
to actually go and fly to the international space station
282
730000
2000
以便于我们带着我们的3D摄影器材
12:27
with our 3D camera systems.
283
732000
2000
前往国际空间站。
12:29
And this was fascinating.
284
734000
2000
这种经历是令人难忘的。
12:31
But what I wound up doing was bringing space scientists
285
736000
2000
但我到头来所做的，却是说服太空科学家们
12:33
with us into the deep.
286
738000
3000
跟随我们前往海洋深处，
12:36
And taking them down so that they had access --
287
741000
3000
让他们可以切身体验。
12:39
astrobiologists, planetary scientists,
288
744000
3000
太空生物学家、天体科学家
12:42
people who were interested in these extreme environments --
289
747000
3000
等等对极端环境感兴趣的人们
12:45
taking them down to the vents, and letting them see,
290
750000
3000
都被我们带到深海裂口处，让他们能亲眼观看、
12:48
and take samples and test instruments, and so on.
291
753000
2000
采取样品、探测仪器等等。
12:50
So, here we were making documentary films,
292
755000
2000
所以我们在制作记录片的同时
12:52
but actually doing science,
293
757000
2000
却是在研究科学
12:54
and actually doing space science.
294
759000
2000
研究太空科学。
12:56
I'd completely closed the loop
295
761000
2000
我把小时候
12:58
between being the science fiction fan,
296
763000
2000
身为科学小说迷的经历
13:00
you know, as a kid,
297
765000
2000
和真实从事这一行业的经历
13:02
and doing this stuff for real.
298
767000
2000
联系到了一起。
13:04
And you know, along the way in this journey
299
769000
3000
在这个探索之旅中，
13:07
of discovery,
300
772000
2000
我也是
13:09
I learned a lot.
301
774000
2000
学到了很多东西。
13:11
I learned a lot about science. But I also learned a lot
302
776000
2000
我学到了很多关于科学的东西。但我也学会了很多
13:13
about leadership.
303
778000
3000
关于领袖才能的东西。
13:16
Now you think director has got to be a leader,
304
781000
2000
你觉得导演必须得是一名领袖人才，
13:18
leader of, captain of the ship, and all that sort of thing.
305
783000
2000
是领导、是掌舵者之类的。
13:20
I didn't really learn about leadership
306
785000
2000
但在这些探险之前，
13:22
until I did these expeditions.
307
787000
3000
我对领袖才能却是一无所知。
13:25
Because I had to, at a certain point, say,
308
790000
3000
因为我终究要问自己：
13:28
"What am I doing out here?
309
793000
2000
“我到底在做些什么呢？
13:30
Why am I doing this? What do I get out of it?"
310
795000
3000
我为什么要做这些事情？我从中得到什么呢？”
13:33
We don't make money at these damn shows.
311
798000
3000
这些该死的纪录片根本不赚钱。
13:36
We barely break even. There is no fame in it.
312
801000
2000
我们想回本都不容易。没名没份的。
13:38
People sort of think I went away
313
803000
2000
很多人都认为我在《泰坦尼克》和《阿凡达》两部电影之间
13:40
between "Titanic" and "Avatar" and was buffing my nails
314
805000
2000
退居幕后，坐在沙滩上面
13:42
someplace, sitting at the beach.
315
807000
2000
修指甲罢了。
13:44
Made all these films, made all these documentary films
316
809000
3000
但事实上我制作了这些电影，这些纪录片，
13:47
for a very limited audience.
317
812000
2000
只有很少数的观众看过。
13:49
No fame, no glory, no money. What are you doing?
318
814000
3000
没名、没份、没钱。你到底在做什么呢？
13:52
You're doing it for the task itself,
319
817000
2000
我做这一切是为了这个经历本身的价值
13:54
for the challenge --
320
819000
2000
为了这个挑战──
13:56
and the ocean is the most challenging environment there is --
321
821000
3000
而大海就是最富挑战的环境，
13:59
for the thrill of discovery,
322
824000
3000
我做这一切也是为了探索发现的惊奇感，
14:02
and for that strange bond that happens
323
827000
3000
为了那种一小群人组成一个紧密的团队时
14:05
when a small group of people form a tightly knit team.
324
830000
3000
所撞击出的奇妙的凝聚力。
14:08
Because we would do these things with 10, 12 people,
325
833000
3000
因为每一次我们都会和10到12个人
14:11
working for years at a time,
326
836000
2000
一起工作上几个年头。
14:13
sometimes at sea for two, three months at a time.
327
838000
4000
有时要在海上呆上个2-3个月。
14:17
And in that bond, you realize
328
842000
3000
而在那种凝聚力下，你意识到
14:20
that the most important thing
329
845000
2000
最重要的事情
14:22
is the respect that you have for them
330
847000
2000
就是你与他们
14:24
and that they have for you, that you've done a task
331
849000
3000
彼此之间的尊敬，你们共同完成了一个
14:27
that you can't explain to someone else.
332
852000
2000
无法向他人解释的任务。
14:29
When you come back to the shore and you say,
333
854000
2000
当你回到海岸上，你会说：
14:31
"We had to do this, and the fiber optic, and the attentuation,
334
856000
2000
“我们需要做这个，这个光学纤维，这个电律衰减，
14:33
and the this and the that,
335
858000
2000
还有这个、那个。”
14:35
all the technology of it, and the difficulty,
336
860000
2000
各项技术、其中的难度、
14:37
the human-performance aspects of working at sea,"
337
862000
3000
海上作业的工作效率──
14:40
you can't explain it to people. It's that thing that
338
865000
2000
这些都是你无法向他人解释的。这就好像那些
14:42
maybe cops have, or people in combat that have gone through something together
339
867000
4000
同甘共苦过的警察、战士一样，他们知道
14:46
and they know they can never explain it.
340
871000
2000
他们是无法向其他人解释其中的经历的。
14:48
Creates a bond, creates a bond of respect.
341
873000
2000
创造一个凝聚力，创造一个充满尊重之情的凝聚力。
14:50
So, when I came back to make my next movie,
342
875000
2000
所以当我回来制作我的下一部电影
14:52
which was "Avatar,"
343
877000
3000
《阿凡达》的时候，
14:55
I tried to apply that same principle of leadership,
344
880000
3000
我试着应用同样的领导信条──
14:58
which is that you respect your team,
345
883000
2000
尊敬你的团队，
15:00
and you earn their respect in return.
346
885000
2000
他们才会回过头来尊敬你。
15:02
And it really changed the dynamic.
347
887000
2000
而这一信条的确是改变了团队的活力。
15:04
So, here I was again with a small team,
348
889000
3000
我再次和一个小团队走到了一起
15:07
in uncharted territory,
349
892000
2000
共同前往未知的领域
15:09
doing "Avatar," coming up with new technology
350
894000
2000
制作《阿凡达》，创造不曾存在过的
15:11
that didn't exist before.
351
896000
2000
新科技。
15:13
Tremendously exciting.
352
898000
2000
振奋人心。
15:15
Tremendously challenging.
353
900000
2000
充满挑战。
15:17
And we became a family, over a four-and-half year period.
354
902000
2000
在四年半的时间里，我们变成了一个大家庭。
15:19
And it completely changed how I do movies.
355
904000
3000
这个经历彻底改变了我制作电影的方式。
15:22
So, people have commented on how, "Well, you know,
356
907000
2000
人们评论说：你把海底生物
15:24
you brought back the ocean organisms
357
909000
3000
带回到人们视野中来
15:27
and put them on the planet of Pandora."
358
912000
2000
放到了潘朵拉这个星球上。
15:29
To me, it was more of a fundamental way of doing business,
359
914000
2000
对于我而言，更侧重于做事的基本法则
15:31
the process itself, that changed as a result of that.
360
916000
4000
和这个过程本身，从而改变了事情的结果。
15:35
So, what can we synthesize out of all this?
361
920000
2000
所以我们从这一切中得到了什么呢？
15:37
You know, what are the lessons learned?
362
922000
3000
学到了哪些东西呢？
15:40
Well, I think number one is
363
925000
2000
我觉得第一点就是
15:42
curiosity.
364
927000
2000
好奇心。
15:44
It's the most powerful thing you own.
365
929000
3000
这是你所拥有的最有力的东西。
15:47
Imagination is a force
366
932000
3000
想象力是一种力量
15:50
that can actually manifest a reality.
367
935000
4000
一种可以反映现实的力量。
15:54
And the respect of your team
368
939000
4000
而你团队对你的尊敬
15:58
is more important than all the
369
943000
2000
要比这个世界上所有其他的桂冠
16:00
laurels in the world.
370
945000
3000
都要重要。
16:03
I have young filmmakers
371
948000
2000
有时年轻电影导演
16:05
come up to me and say, "Give me some advice for doing this."
372
950000
4000
会问我：“给我一些电影方面的建议。”
16:09
And I say, "Don't put limitations on yourself.
373
954000
4000
我的回答是：“不要局限你自己。
16:13
Other people will do that for you -- don't do it to yourself,
374
958000
2000
别人会来局限你，会为你去划边界，但你不要自己局限自己。
16:15
don't bet against yourself,
375
960000
2000
不要赌自己会输。
16:17
and take risks."
376
962000
2000
要敢于冒险。”
16:19
NASA has this phrase that they like:
377
964000
3000
美国航空局有一则他们很喜欢的名言：
16:22
"Failure is not an option."
378
967000
2000
“失败不是一个选项。”
16:24
But failure has to be an option
379
969000
3000
但在艺术和探险中，
16:27
in art and in exploration, because it's a leap of faith.
380
972000
3000
失败必定是个选项，因为这些都需要敢于挑战的信心。
16:30
And no important endeavor
381
975000
2000
没有哪个需要创新的
16:32
that required innovation
382
977000
2000
重要奋斗
16:34
was done without risk.
383
979000
2000
是在没有风险的条件下完成的。
16:36
You have to be willing to take those risks.
384
981000
3000
你必须愿意承担这些风险。
16:39
So, that's the thought I would leave you with,
385
984000
2000
而这就是我所想要留给你们的启迪：
16:41
is that in whatever you're doing,
386
986000
3000
无论你做什么，
16:44
failure is an option,
387
989000
3000
失败都是其中一个选项，
16:47
but fear is not. Thank you.
388
992000
3000
但畏惧却不是。谢谢你们。
16:50
(Applause)
389
995000
11000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James Cameron - DirectorJames Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul.
Why you should listen
James Cameron has written and directed some of the largest blockbuster movies of the last 20 years, including The Terminator, Aliens, The Abyss, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Titanic, and Avatar. His films pushed the limits of special effects, and his fascination with technical developments led him to co-create the 3-D Fusion Camera System. He has also contributed to new techniques in underwater filming and remote vehicle technology.
Although now a major filmmaker, Cameron's first job was as a truck driver and he wrote only in his spare time. After seeing Star Wars, he quit that job and wrote his first science fiction script for a ten-minute short called Xenogenesis. Soon after, he began working with special effects, and by 1984 he had written and directed the movie that would change his life -- The Terminator. Today, he has received three Academy Awards, two honorary doctorates and sits on the NASA Advisory Council.
Read more about Cameron's planned trip to the Challenger Deep, the deepest point yet reached in the ocean »
James Cameron | Speaker | TED.com