TED2010
Jonathan Klein: Photos that changed the world
乔纳森·克雷恩：改变世界的照片
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图片远不止记录历史——他们创造历史。在TED大学，Getty Images的乔纳森·克雷恩向我们展示了一些最具代表性的照片。他还告诉我们当一代人看到那些他们无法不关注的照片时会发生什么。
Jonathan Klein - Executive
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
In my industry,
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干我们这行的人，
00:17
we believe that images can change the world.
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都相信图片是可以改变世界的。
00:20
Okay, we're naive, we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
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好吧，我们是很天真，我们又明亮的双眼和毛绒绒的尾巴。
00:23
The truth is that we know that the
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实际上，我们都知道，
00:25
images themselves don't change the world,
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图片本身不会改变世界。
00:27
but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography,
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但我们也清楚，摄影业刚发展起来的时候，
00:30
images have provoked reactions in people,
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图片就已经在人群中激起了波澜。
00:33
and those reactions have caused change to happen.
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而那些波澜就造成了变革。
00:36
So let's begin with a group of images.
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大家先看一组图片吧。
00:39
I'd be extremely surprised
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如果你们没认出它们中的大部分，
00:41
if you didn't recognize many or most of them.
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我会很吃惊的。
00:44
They're best described as iconic:
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这些都是被称作“具有代表性”的图片。
00:46
so iconic, perhaps, they're cliches.
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太有代表性了，可能算陈词滥调了。
00:49
In fact, they're so well-known
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实际上，它们非常有名。
00:51
that you might even recognize them
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估计你都能
00:53
in a slightly or somewhat different form.
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认出他们的另一种形式。
00:57
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:00
But I think we're looking for something more.
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我觉得我们要的不止这些。
01:02
We're looking for something more.
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我们需要更多。
01:04
We're looking for images that shine
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我们需要那些
01:06
an uncompromising light on crucial issues,
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在关键问题上决不妥协的图片，
01:09
images that transcend borders, that transcend religions,
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那些超越国界，超越宗教的图片，
01:12
images that provoke us
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那些
01:14
to step up and do something --
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让我们勇敢站出来做些什么的图片。
01:16
in other words, to act.
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也就是，去改变。
01:18
Well, this image you've all seen.
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这幅图，你们都见过。
01:21
It changed our view of the physical world.
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它改变了我们对物质世界的认知。
01:23
We had never seen our planet from this perspective before.
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我们从没在这个角度看我们的星球。
01:26
Many people credit
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很多人都把环保运动的开始，
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a lot of the birth of the environmental movement
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归功于人们
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to our seeing the planet like this
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第一次见到
01:32
for the first time --
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这样的地球，
01:34
its smallness, its fragility.
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它那么小，那么脆弱。
01:37
Forty years later, this group, more than most,
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四十年后，这些环保团体，
01:40
are well aware of the destructive power
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逐渐意识到我们这个物种
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that our species can wield over our environment.
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对环境的毁灭性破坏力。
01:45
And at last, we appear to be doing something about it.
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后来，我们开始对此采取行动。
01:49
This destructive power takes many different forms.
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这些毁灭性破坏力表现在不同方面。
01:52
For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton
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比方说布伦特·斯蒂尔顿(Brent Stirton)
01:55
in the Congo.
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在刚果拍摄的这些照片，
01:57
These gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified,
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这些大猩猩被人宰杀，可能你还会说它们被钉在十字架上。
02:00
and unsurprisingly,
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毫无疑问，
02:02
they sparked international outrage.
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这些照片在国际上引起了强烈反响。
02:04
Most recently,
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最近，
02:06
we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself
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海地的地震，
02:09
with the recent earthquake in Haiti.
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让我们认识到了大自然本身的破坏力。
02:12
Well, I think what is far worse
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我觉得人类的自相残杀
02:15
is man's destructive power over man.
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比上面说的那些可怕的多。
02:17
Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor, said,
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萨缪尔·皮萨(Samuel Pisar)，一个奥斯威辛集中营的幸存者
02:20
and I'll quote him,
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曾经说过（我在这里引用他的话），
02:22
"The Holocaust teaches us that nature,
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（纳粹对犹太人的）屠杀告诉我们，
02:24
even in its cruelest moments,
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自然，即使是它最残忍的时候，
02:27
is benign in comparison with man,
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和一个失去理智和道德准则的人比起来，
02:30
when he loses his moral compass and his reason."
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还是要仁慈的多。
02:33
There's another kind of crucifixion.
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人类还有其他的暴行。
02:36
The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib
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美军虐囚的骇人图片，
02:38
as well as the images from Guantanamo
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还有这些关塔那摩的图片，
02:40
had a profound impact.
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都产生了深远影响。
02:42
The publication of those images,
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相较于这些照片本身，
02:44
as opposed to the images themselves,
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它们的公开，
02:46
caused a government to change its policies.
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才是让政府改变政策的原因。
02:49
Some would argue that it is those images
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有些人认为，是这些照片
02:51
that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq
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导致伊拉克的暴动进一步升级，
02:54
than virtually any other single act.
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它们比其他任何行动更有影响力。
02:56
Furthermore, those images forever removed
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而且，这些照片永久性地摧毁了
02:59
the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces.
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驻伊美军的所谓道德高地。
03:02
Let's go back a little.
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让我们回顾历史。
03:04
In the 1960s and 1970s,
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上世纪六七十年代，
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the Vietnam War was basically shown
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越战的画面，
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in America's living rooms day in, day out.
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在电视上反复播放。
03:10
News photos brought people face to face
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新闻图片让人们
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with the victims of the war: a little girl burned by napalm,
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直面战争的受害者，被汽油弹烧伤的小女孩，
03:17
a student killed by the National Guard
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一个在俄亥俄州的肯特州立大学参与抗议活动
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at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest.
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被镇压部队打死的学生。
03:22
In fact, these images became
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实际上，这些照片
03:24
the voices of protest themselves.
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成为了最有力的抗议声音。
03:26
Now, images have power
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现在，照片有了
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to shed light of understanding
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让怀疑与无知
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on suspicion, ignorance,
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重见光明的力量。
03:32
and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this
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尤其是关于艾滋病的议题
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but I'll just show one image --
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——我做过很多这方面的演讲，
03:37
the issue of HIV/AIDS.
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这次就只给大家看一张照片——
03:40
In the 1980s, the stigmatization of people with the disease
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上世纪八十年代，对这种疾病的各种流言蜚语
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was an enormous barrier
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让多数人
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to even discussing or addressing it.
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都不愿意讨论或提起它。
03:47
A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world,
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1987年，世界上最著名的一个女人，作了一件简单的事情，
03:50
the Princess of Wales, touching
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戴安娜王妃，
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an HIV/AIDS infected baby
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抚摸了一个受艾滋病毒感染的婴儿。
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did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that.
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这个举动消除了民众对艾滋病的误解，尤其在欧洲。
03:57
She, better than most, knew the power of an image.
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她比多数人更清楚图片的力量。
04:01
So when we are confronted by a powerful image,
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当我们面对一张有影响力的照片时，
04:03
we all have a choice:
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我们都可以选择。
04:05
We can look away, or we can address the image.
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我们可以看向别处，或者，我们可以让它为更多人所知。
04:08
Thankfully, when these photos appeared in
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值得庆幸地是，
04:10
The Guardian in 1998,
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当这些图片于1998年出现在英国《卫报》的时候，
04:12
they put a lot of focus and attention and, in the end, a lot of money
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人们开始关注它，最后为苏丹饥荒的灾民，
04:15
towards the Sudan famine relief efforts.
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捐了很多钱。
04:17
Did the images change the world?
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图片改变了世界吗？
04:19
No, but they had a major impact.
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不，但他们产生了深远影响。
04:22
Images often push us to question our core beliefs
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图片常常让我们质疑自己的信念
04:24
and our responsibilities to each other.
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还有我们对彼此的责任。
04:27
We all saw those images after Katrina,
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我们都看过卡特里纳飓风的图片，
04:29
and I think for millions of people
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我想这些图片对几百万人，
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they had a very strong impact.
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都产生了极大影响。
04:33
And I think it's very unlikely
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在2008大选的时候，
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that they were far from the minds of Americans
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让美国人不去想那些照片
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when they went to vote in November 2008.
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是几乎不可能的。
04:41
Unfortunately, some very important images
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很遗憾的是，一些很重要的相片
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are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them.
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因为太“真实”而不能公开。
04:48
I'll show you one photo here,
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这里有一张。
04:50
and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran
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这是尤金·理查兹(Eugene Richards)
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from an extraordinary piece of work,
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为一位伊战退伍老兵拍的。
04:55
which has never been published, called War Is Personal.
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这个非同寻常的作品从来没有发表，它叫做“战争是每个人的”。
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But images don't need to be graphic
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让我们想起战争残酷性的照片，
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in order to remind us of the tragedy of war.
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不一定都要如此“真实”。
05:02
John Moore set up this photo at Arlington Cemetery.
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约翰·摩尔(John Moore)在亚灵顿公墓拍了这张照片。
05:05
After all the tense moments of conflict
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在世界上那么多冲突地区
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in all the conflict zones of the world,
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发生了那么多紧张的冲突，暴动之后
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there's one photograph from a much quieter place
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这张来自世界上最安静角落的图片，
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that haunts me still, much more than the others.
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才是让我感到最不安的。
05:17
Ansel Adams said, and I'm going to disagree with him,
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安塞尔·亚当斯(Ansel Adams)说（但我不同意他的看法），
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"You don't take a photograph, you make it."
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“人们从不拍照片，他们创作。”
05:23
In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo,
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在我看来，创作的不是摄影师，
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it's you.
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而是你们。
05:27
We bring to each image
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我们把赋予每一张照片，
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our own values, our own belief systems,
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我们自己的价值观，自己的信念，
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and as a result of that, the image resonates with us.
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这样，我们和图片产生了共鸣。
05:34
My company has 70 million images.
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我的公司拥有七千万照片，
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I have one image in my office.
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我的办公室有一张。
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Here it is.
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就是它。
05:41
I hope that the next time you see
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我希望下次你们看到一张
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an image that sparks something in you,
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让你们产生灵感火花的照片时，
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you'll better understand why,
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最好想想为什么。
05:47
and I know that speaking to this audience,
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我很清楚，我面前的这些听众，
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you'll definitely do something about it.
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你们肯定都会做些什么的。
05:52
And thank you to all the photographers.
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感谢所有的摄影师。
05:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Klein - ExecutiveJonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class.
Why you should listen
Even if you're an infrequent (or less sporty) user of the World Wide Web, chances are the last time you logged on -- perhaps on the very last page you visited -- you've come across an image sourced from stock photo agency Getty Images. Photos and illustrations from Getty can be found everywhere, for just about every purpose you can imagine. It shouldn't surprise you that Getty began in the Internet age, leaving print-era agencies in the dust by using Internet and CD-ROM distribution since day one.
Jonathan Klein, Getty's co-founder (along with Mark Getty) and the current CEO, helped drive its success over the past 15 years. He led it during its aggressive archive acquisition campaign through the '90s and now in the 2000s, adding to its formidable collection of editorial photos, footage and music. But his business skill is only part of his story; to hear Klein talk, one is quick to catch his passionate enthusiasm for the power of images -- not only to document moments in our lives and in history, not just to sell products or turn over PR campaigns -- but to shift public opinion and, perhaps, make the world more just.
Klein serves on the board of the Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS and on the board of Real Networks (media software company and creator of the popular RealPlayer).
Jonathan Klein | Speaker | TED.com