TED2010
Jonathan Klein: Photos that changed the world
Jonathan Klein: Fotografije, ki so spremenile svet
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Fotografije zgodovino ne samo dokumentirajo - ustvarjajo jo. Jonathan Klein iz Getty Images na TED Univerzi pokaže nekaj najbolj nepozabnih in spregovori o tem, kaj se zgodi, ko določena generacija vidi tako močno podobo, da se ne more več obrniti stran - niti nazaj.
Jonathan Klein - Executive
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
In my industry,
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V moji dejavnosti
00:17
we believe that images can change the world.
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verjamemo, da lahko podobe spremenijo svet.
00:20
Okay, we're naive, we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
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Prav, naivni smo, pozorni in pripravljeni na vse.
00:23
The truth is that we know that the
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V resnici vemo, da
00:25
images themselves don't change the world,
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podobe kot take ne spreminjajo sveta,
00:27
but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography,
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zavedamo pa se, da od začetka fotografije
00:30
images have provoked reactions in people,
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podobe v ljudeh izzivajo reakcije,
00:33
and those reactions have caused change to happen.
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ki nato sprožajo spremembe.
00:36
So let's begin with a group of images.
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Začnimo s skupino podob.
00:39
I'd be extremely surprised
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Zelo bi bil presenečen,
00:41
if you didn't recognize many or most of them.
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če ne bi prepoznali večine od njih.
00:44
They're best described as iconic:
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Najlažje jih opišemo kot ikone,
00:46
so iconic, perhaps, they're cliches.
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tako velike, da so morda že postale klišeji.
00:49
In fact, they're so well-known
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V bistvu so tako znane,
00:51
that you might even recognize them
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da bi jih morda prepoznali
00:53
in a slightly or somewhat different form.
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celo v rahlo drugačni obliki.
00:57
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:00
But I think we're looking for something more.
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A mislim, da iščemo nekaj več.
01:02
We're looking for something more.
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Iščemo nekaj več.
01:04
We're looking for images that shine
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Iščemo podobe, ki brezkompromisno
01:06
an uncompromising light on crucial issues,
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osvetljujejo bistvena vprašanja,
01:09
images that transcend borders, that transcend religions,
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podobe, ki presegajo meje in verstva,
01:12
images that provoke us
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podobe, ki nas razvnamejo,
01:14
to step up and do something --
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da nekaj naredimo,
01:16
in other words, to act.
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z drugimi besedami, da se odzovemo.
01:18
Well, this image you've all seen.
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No, tole podobo ste videli vsi.
01:21
It changed our view of the physical world.
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Spremenila je naš pogled na fizični svet.
01:23
We had never seen our planet from this perspective before.
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Nikoli prej nismo videli svojega planeta iz te perspektive.
01:26
Many people credit
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Veliko ljudi temu pogledu na planet
01:28
a lot of the birth of the environmental movement
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pripisuje precejšnji del razvoja okoljevarstvenega gibanja,
01:30
to our seeing the planet like this
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prvič smo namreč planet
01:32
for the first time --
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videli na tak način,
01:34
its smallness, its fragility.
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v njegovi majhnosti, krhkosti.
01:37
Forty years later, this group, more than most,
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Štirideset let kasneje se ta skupina, bolj kot večina ljudi,
01:40
are well aware of the destructive power
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zaveda uničujoče moči
01:42
that our species can wield over our environment.
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naše vrste nad našim okoljem.
01:45
And at last, we appear to be doing something about it.
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In končno se zdi, da na to nekako reagiramo.
01:49
This destructive power takes many different forms.
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Ta uničujoča moč pride v različnih oblikah.
01:52
For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton
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Te slike, na primer, ki jih je Brent Stirton
01:55
in the Congo.
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posnel v Kongu,
01:57
These gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified,
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te gorile so umorili, lahko bi celo rekli križali
02:00
and unsurprisingly,
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in ni presenetljivo,
02:02
they sparked international outrage.
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da so povzročile mednarodno ogorčenje.
02:04
Most recently,
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Nedavno
02:06
we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself
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nas je na uničujočo moč narave same
02:09
with the recent earthquake in Haiti.
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spomnil potres na Haitiju.
02:12
Well, I think what is far worse
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Mislim pa, da je veliko hujša
02:15
is man's destructive power over man.
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uničujoča moč človeka nad človekom.
02:17
Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor, said,
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Samuel Pisar, preživeli iz Auschwitza, je dejal,
02:20
and I'll quote him,
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citiram:
02:22
"The Holocaust teaches us that nature,
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"Holokavst nas uči, da je narava,
02:24
even in its cruelest moments,
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celo v svojih najbolj krutih trenutkih,
02:27
is benign in comparison with man,
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nenevarna v primerjavi s človekom,
02:30
when he loses his moral compass and his reason."
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ko ta izgubi svoj moralni kompas in svoj razum."
02:33
There's another kind of crucifixion.
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Še ena vrsta križanja je.
02:36
The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib
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Grozljive podobe iz Abu Ghraiba
02:38
as well as the images from Guantanamo
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kot tudi tiste iz Guantanama
02:40
had a profound impact.
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so pustile globok pečat.
02:42
The publication of those images,
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Objava teh slik,
02:44
as opposed to the images themselves,
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v nasprotju s slikami samimi,
02:46
caused a government to change its policies.
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je sprožila spremembo vladne politike.
02:49
Some would argue that it is those images
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Nekateri bodo trdili, da so te podobe
02:51
that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq
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bolj spodbudile upor v Iraku
02:54
than virtually any other single act.
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kot katerokoli drugo dejanje.
02:56
Furthermore, those images forever removed
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Poleg tega so te podobe za vedno odpravile
02:59
the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces.
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t.i. moralno večvrednost okupacijskih sil.
03:02
Let's go back a little.
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Vrnimo se malo nazaj.
03:04
In the 1960s and 1970s,
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V šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih
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the Vietnam War was basically shown
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je bila vojna v Vietnamu tako rekoč
03:08
in America's living rooms day in, day out.
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dan in noč prisotna v ameriških dnevnih sobah.
03:10
News photos brought people face to face
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Novičarske fotografije so ljudem prinesle podobe
03:13
with the victims of the war: a little girl burned by napalm,
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žrtev vojne, deklice, ki jo je zažgal napalm,
03:17
a student killed by the National Guard
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študenta, ki ga je ubila Nacionalna Garda
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at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest.
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med protestom na univerzi Kent State v Ohiu.
03:22
In fact, these images became
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Pravzaprav so te podobe postale
03:24
the voices of protest themselves.
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glas protesta samega.
03:26
Now, images have power
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Podobe imajo moč
03:28
to shed light of understanding
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osvetliti in ponuditi razumevanje
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on suspicion, ignorance,
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namesto dvoma, neznanja
03:32
and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this
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in posebej - o tem sem že velikokrat govoril,
03:34
but I'll just show one image --
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a pokazal bom samo eno sliko -
03:37
the issue of HIV/AIDS.
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o virusu HIV/aidsu.
03:40
In the 1980s, the stigmatization of people with the disease
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V osemdesetih letih je bila stigmatizacija bolnikov s to boleznijo
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was an enormous barrier
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ogromna ovira
03:45
to even discussing or addressing it.
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razpravi o bolezni ali njeni obravnavi.
03:47
A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world,
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Enostavno dejanje iz leta 1987, ene najbolj znanih žensk na svetu,
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the Princess of Wales, touching
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velške princese, ki se je dotaknila
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an HIV/AIDS infected baby
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dojenčka, okuženega s HIV/Aidsom,
03:54
did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that.
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je pomembno prispevalo k odstranitvi te ovire, posebej v Evropi.
03:57
She, better than most, knew the power of an image.
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Ona je bolje od večine drugih poznala moč podobe.
04:01
So when we are confronted by a powerful image,
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Ko smo torej postavljeni pred močno podobo,
04:03
we all have a choice:
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imamo izbiro.
04:05
We can look away, or we can address the image.
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Lahko pogledamo stran ali se z njo soočimo.
04:08
Thankfully, when these photos appeared in
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Hvalabogu, ko so se te fotografije
04:10
The Guardian in 1998,
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leta 1998 pojavile v Guardianu,
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they put a lot of focus and attention and, in the end, a lot of money
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so pozornost in tudi veliko denarja
04:15
towards the Sudan famine relief efforts.
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usmerile k odpravljanju lakote v Sudanu.
04:17
Did the images change the world?
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So podobe spremenile svet?
04:19
No, but they had a major impact.
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Ne, so pa imele velik vpliv.
04:22
Images often push us to question our core beliefs
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Podobe nas pogosto izzovejo, da preizprašamo svoja temeljna prepričanja
04:24
and our responsibilities to each other.
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in svojo odgovornost do drug drugega.
04:27
We all saw those images after Katrina,
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Vsi smo videli te podobe po hurikanu Katrina
04:29
and I think for millions of people
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in mislim, da so na milijone ljudi
04:31
they had a very strong impact.
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imele zelo močan vpliv;
04:33
And I think it's very unlikely
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mislim, da ni zelo verjetno,
04:35
that they were far from the minds of Americans
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da so bile daleč od misli Američanov,
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when they went to vote in November 2008.
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ko so šli novembra 2008 na volišča.
04:41
Unfortunately, some very important images
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Na žalost so nekatere zelo pomembne podobe
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are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them.
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ocenjene kot preveč nazorne ali moteče, da bi jih videli.
04:48
I'll show you one photo here,
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Pokazal vam bom eno,
04:50
and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran
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to je fotografija iraškega vojnega veterana, ki jo je posnel Eugene Richards
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from an extraordinary piece of work,
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iz izjemnega dela z naslovom "Vojna je osebna",
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which has never been published, called War Is Personal.
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ki ni bilo nikoli objavljeno.
04:58
But images don't need to be graphic
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Vendar ni treba, da so podobe nazorne,
05:00
in order to remind us of the tragedy of war.
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da bi nas spomnile na tragedijo vojne.
05:02
John Moore set up this photo at Arlington Cemetery.
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John Moore je tole posnel na pokopališču Arlington.
05:05
After all the tense moments of conflict
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Po vseh napetih trenutkih konflikta
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in all the conflict zones of the world,
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na vseh konfliktnih območjih po svetu
05:10
there's one photograph from a much quieter place
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je to fotografija iz mnogo tišjega prostora,
05:13
that haunts me still, much more than the others.
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ki me še vedno preganja, veliko bolj kot druge.
05:17
Ansel Adams said, and I'm going to disagree with him,
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Ne strinjam se z Anselom Adamsom, ki je dejal:
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"You don't take a photograph, you make it."
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"Fotografije ne posnameš, ampak jo narediš."
05:23
In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo,
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Po moje ni fotograf tisti, ki naredi fotografijo,
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it's you.
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vi ste.
05:27
We bring to each image
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V vsako podobo
05:29
our own values, our own belief systems,
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vnesemo svoje vrednote, svoj sistem prepričanj,
05:31
and as a result of that, the image resonates with us.
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in zaradi tega čutimo povezavo z njo.
05:34
My company has 70 million images.
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Moje podjetje ima 70 milijonov podob.
05:36
I have one image in my office.
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V svoji pisarni imam eno samo.
05:39
Here it is.
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Tole.
05:41
I hope that the next time you see
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Upam, da boste naslednjič,
05:43
an image that sparks something in you,
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ko boste videli podobo, ki v vas nekaj sproži,
05:45
you'll better understand why,
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bolje razumeli, zakaj,
05:47
and I know that speaking to this audience,
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in vem, da občinstvo, kakršno ste,
05:50
you'll definitely do something about it.
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boste nanjo zagotovo reagirali.
05:52
And thank you to all the photographers.
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In hvala vsem fotografom.
05:54
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Klein - ExecutiveJonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class.
Why you should listen
Even if you're an infrequent (or less sporty) user of the World Wide Web, chances are the last time you logged on -- perhaps on the very last page you visited -- you've come across an image sourced from stock photo agency Getty Images. Photos and illustrations from Getty can be found everywhere, for just about every purpose you can imagine. It shouldn't surprise you that Getty began in the Internet age, leaving print-era agencies in the dust by using Internet and CD-ROM distribution since day one.
Jonathan Klein, Getty's co-founder (along with Mark Getty) and the current CEO, helped drive its success over the past 15 years. He led it during its aggressive archive acquisition campaign through the '90s and now in the 2000s, adding to its formidable collection of editorial photos, footage and music. But his business skill is only part of his story; to hear Klein talk, one is quick to catch his passionate enthusiasm for the power of images -- not only to document moments in our lives and in history, not just to sell products or turn over PR campaigns -- but to shift public opinion and, perhaps, make the world more just.
Klein serves on the board of the Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS and on the board of Real Networks (media software company and creator of the popular RealPlayer).
Jonathan Klein | Speaker | TED.com