TEDxGreatPacificGarbagePatch
Van Jones: The economic injustice of plastic
范瓊斯：塑膠造成的經濟不公平
Filmed:
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范瓊斯跟我們分析因塑膠污染所造成的社會經濟不公。他讓我們看到了，雖然塑膠造成的垃圾和污染窮人是首當其衝，但同處於同一地球的我們也無法幸免。在TEDxGPGP會中，他提供了一個有力的主意，來幫我們回收我們丟棄的地球。
Van Jones - Social justice and green energy activist
Van Jones sees a clear link between social justice and green energy -- and works for both. Full bio
Van Jones sees a clear link between social justice and green energy -- and works for both. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
I am honored to be here,
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我很榮幸能在這裡
00:21
and I'm honored to talk about this topic,
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也很榮幸能談論這個問題
00:23
which I think is of grave importance.
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我認爲這是個很嚴重的問題。
00:25
We've been talking a lot about
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我們已經討論過很多
00:27
the horrific impacts of plastic
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關於塑膠對地球和其他物種
00:29
on the planet and on other species,
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帶來的可怕的影響，
00:32
but plastic hurts people too,
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但是塑膠也會危害人類
00:34
especially poor people.
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特別是貧窮的人。
00:37
And both in the production of plastic,
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在塑膠的生産過程
00:39
the use of plastic and the disposal of plastic,
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或是使用及丟棄的過程中
00:42
the people who have the bull's-eye on their foreheads
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直接受害的最嚴重的
00:44
are poor people.
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都是貧窮的人。
00:47
People got very upset
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大家對於英國石油油井的原油外泄
00:50
when the BP oil spill happened
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感到很憤怒
00:52
for very good reason.
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這是可以體會的。
00:54
People thought about, "Oh, my God.
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大家會想，“天哪，
00:56
This is terrible, this oil -- it's in the water.
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這外泄的油太可怕了，
00:58
It's going to destroy
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流進水裏，裏面的生態
01:00
the living systems there.
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將會被破壞殆盡。
01:02
People are going to be hurt.
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人們也會蒙受其害。
01:04
This is a terrible thing,
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進而影響墨西哥灣周圍人們的生計
01:06
that the oil is going to hurt the people in the Gulf."
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這是很可怕的一件事。”
01:08
What people don't think about
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人們沒想過的是
01:10
is: what if the oil had made it safely to shore?
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如果原油安全地被運輸上岸
01:13
What if the oil actually got where it was trying to go?
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順利地到達目的地（煉油厰）會怎樣呢？
01:16
Not only would it have been burned in engines
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石油不只會被送進引擎燃燒
01:18
and added to global warming,
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變成廢氣造成全球暖化
01:21
but there's a place called "Cancer Alley,"
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還有個地方叫“癌症帶”
01:24
and the reason it's called "Cancer Alley"
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爲什麽叫“癌症帶”呢？
01:26
is because the petrochemical industry
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那是因爲石化業
01:29
takes that oil and turns it into plastic
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用原油製造塑膠
01:31
and, in the process, kills people.
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在生産的過程毒害了當地的居民。
01:34
It shortens the lives of the people who live there in the Gulf.
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住在墨西哥灣區的人們壽命因此而縮短。
01:37
So oil and petrochemicals are not just a problem where there's a spill;
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所以石油化工業即使在油井不漏油的時候
01:40
they're a problem where there's not.
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也是個問題製造者。
01:42
And what we don't often appreciate
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我們通常不知道的是
01:44
is the price that poor people pay
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貧窮的人們為我們丟棄的塑膠
01:46
for us to have these disposable products.
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所付出的代價。
01:48
The other thing that we don't often appreciate
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還有一件我們通常也不知道的事
01:50
is it's not just at the point of production that poor people suffer.
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人們不止在生産的過程中受害
01:53
Poor people also suffer
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在使用的過程
01:55
at the point of use.
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人們也會受害。
01:57
Those of us who earn a certain income level,
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收入所得超過一定水準的人
01:59
we have something called choice.
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有選擇的能力。
02:01
The reason why you want to work hard and have a job
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我們之所以會想要努力工作
02:03
and not be poor and broke
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不想陷入貧窮或破產
02:05
is so you can have choices, economic choices.
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是因爲我們在經濟上想要保有選擇的能力。
02:08
We actually get a chance to choose
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我們有能力去選擇
02:10
not to use products
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不去使用某些產品
02:12
that have dangerous, poisonous plastic in them.
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那些包含危險的有毒的塑膠的產品。
02:14
Other people who are poor don't have those choices.
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但是窮人們是沒有選擇的
02:17
So low-income people often are the ones
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所以低收入的人們經常也是
02:19
who are buying the products
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去買那些内含有毒化學成分的產品
02:21
that have those dangerous chemicals in them that their children are using.
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來給他們小孩用的人。
02:24
Those are the people who wind up
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到頭來這些人
02:26
actually ingesting a disproportionate amount
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吸收了或是使用了
02:28
of this poisonous plastic and using it.
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比一般人更多的有毒塑膠。
02:31
And people say, "Well, they should just buy a different product."
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可能有人會說，“他們應該買其它較安全的產品。”
02:34
Well, the problem with being poor is you don't have those choices.
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但是問題是身為窮人，你是沒有其他的選擇的。
02:37
You often have to buy the cheapest products.
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你通常只能買最便宜的產品
02:39
The cheapest products are often the most dangerous.
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而最便宜的產品通常也是最危險的。
02:42
And if that weren't bad enough,
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如果這還不夠糟糕，還有更慘的：
02:44
if it wasn't just the production of plastic
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不止在塑膠的生産過程裏
02:46
that's giving people cancer in places like "Cancer Alley" and shortening lives
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會帶給人們癌症，形成“癌症帶”，縮短性命
02:49
and hurting poor kids at the point of use,
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窮苦人家的小孩在使用的過程也會受害
02:52
at the point of disposal,
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甚至在丟棄的時候
02:54
once again, it's poor people
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再一次地，又是窮苦人家
02:56
who bear the burden.
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首當其害。
02:58
Often, we think we're doing a good thing.
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我們常常以爲我們在做正確的事
03:00
You're in your office,
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你在你的辦公室
03:02
and you're drinking your bottled water, or whatever it is,
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你在喝一瓶水還是什麽的
03:04
and you think to yourself, "Hey, I'm going to throw this away.
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你在想，“我要把這瓶子丟掉。
03:07
No, I'm going to be virtuous.
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不，我要做做功德
03:09
I'm going to put it in the blue bin."
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把這個瓶子放進藍色的資源回收桶。”
03:11
You think, "I put mine in the blue bin,"
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你想，“我把我的瓶子放進藍桶子裏。”
03:13
and then you look at your colleague and say,
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接下來你看著你的同事說
03:16
"Why, you cretin.
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“爲什麽你這個低能兒
03:18
You put yours in the white bin."
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把你的塑膠瓶放在白色的桶子裏？”
03:20
And we use that as a moral tickle.
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我們把這個動作當作一個道德標簽
03:22
We feel so good about ourselves.
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我們也因此自我感覺超好。
03:25
Maybe I'll feel good myself.
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還可能原諒自己
03:27
Not you, but I feel this way.
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可能你不會，但是我是這麽覺得的。
03:31
And so we kind of have this kind of moral feel-good moment.
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我們都因此有道德上感覺良好的時候。
03:34
But if we were to be able to follow that little bottle
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但是要是我們跟著這個小塑膠瓶
03:37
on its journey,
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看看它接下來的旅程
03:39
we would be shocked to discover that, all too often,
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常常，我們會很吃驚地發現
03:42
that bottle is going to be put on a boat,
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塑膠瓶會被裝上船
03:44
it's going to go all the way across the ocean
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花費一些運費
03:47
at some expense,
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飄洋過海
03:49
and it's going to wind up in a developing country -- often China.
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最後到達一個開發中國家--通常是中國
03:52
I think in our minds we imagine somebody's going to take the little bottle,
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在我們的心裏我們想象
03:55
say, "Oh, little bottle.
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有個人會拿起瓶子說，“噢，小小瓶子，
03:58
We're so happy to see you, little bottle."
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我們真高興見到你這個小瓶子。”
04:00
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:02
"You've served so well."
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“你的任務是如此完美地達成了”
04:05
He's given a little bottle massage,
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小瓶子得到了獎勵
04:07
a little bottle medal.
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還有小瓶子獎章。
04:09
And say, "What would you like to do next?"
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那個人又說，“接下來你想做什麽？”
04:11
The little bottle says, "I just don't know."
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小瓶子說，“我還不知道。”
04:14
But that's not actually what happens.
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但事實並不是如此。
04:19
That bottle
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這個瓶子
04:21
winds up getting burned.
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最後是被燒掉。
04:24
Recycling of plastic in many developing countries
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在很多開發中國家，塑膠資源的回收
04:27
means the incineration of the plastic,
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就意味著把塑膠燒掉
04:29
the burning of the plastic,
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而在燒塑膠的過程中
04:31
which releases incredible toxic chemicals
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會散發無可計量的有毒化學物質
04:33
and, once again, kills people.
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再一次，
04:35
And so poor people
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是貧窮的人
04:37
who are making these products
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在“癌症帶“這樣的石化中心
04:39
in petrochemical centers like "Cancer Alley,"
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生産這一類塑膠產品；
04:42
poor people who are consuming these products disproportionately,
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是貧窮的人高度地消費這一類的產品；
04:44
and then poor people,
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最後還是貧窮的人
04:46
who even at the tail end of the recycling
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在資源回收的末端
04:48
are having their lives shortened,
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看著他們的性命被縮短
04:51
are all being harmed greatly
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嚴重地被侵害
04:54
by this addiction that we have
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就只因爲我們太習慣於
04:57
to disposability.
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用過即丟的生活方式。
04:59
Now you think to yourself -- because I know how you are --
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現在你會想--因爲我很了解大家--
05:01
you say, "That sure is terrible
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“對這些人來説
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for those poor people.
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這真是太可怕了。
05:05
It's just awful,
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太慘了，
05:07
those poor people.
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這些窮人們。
05:09
I hope someone does something to help them."
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我希望有人能幫幫他們。”
05:12
But what we don't understand is --
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我們不了解的是
05:15
is, here we are in Los Angeles.
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在洛杉磯的我們
05:17
We worked very hard to get the smog reduction
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很努力地要降低
05:19
happening here in Los Angeles.
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在本地煙霧的排放
05:21
But guess what?
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但是你猜怎麽樣？
05:23
Because they're doing so much dirty production in Asia now,
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因爲現在在亞洲有這麽多的骯髒的工廠
05:25
because the environmental laws
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因爲環境保護法案
05:27
don't protect the people in Asia now,
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現在還無法保護在亞洲的人們
05:29
almost all of the clean air gains
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我們在加州
05:31
and the toxic air gains
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辛辛苦苦維護的清潔空氣
05:33
that we've achieved here in California
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和消除的髒空氣
05:35
have been wiped out by dirty air coming over from Asia.
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全被亞洲飄過來的髒空氣一筆勾銷。
05:39
So, we all are being hit. We all are being impacted.
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最終我們還是受到影響
05:42
It's just the poor people get hit first and worst.
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但是首當其衝的還是貧窮的人們。
05:45
But the dirty production, the burning of toxins,
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因爲不乾淨的生産過程，燃燒所釋放的有毒物質
05:48
the lack of environmental standards in Asia
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和亞洲的缺乏環保
05:50
is actually creating so much dirty air pollution
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產生了許多空氣污染
05:53
it's coming across the ocean and has erased our gains here in California.
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飄洋過海而來完全抵消了我們在加州的努力。
05:56
We're back where we were in the 1970s.
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我們反而退回到70年代的標準。
05:58
And so we're on one planet,
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我們在同一個地球上
06:00
and we have to be able to get to the root of these problems.
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所以我們必須找到問題的根源。
06:03
Well the root of this problem, in my view,
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在我看來，問題的根源
06:06
is the idea of disposability itself.
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在於用過即丟這個觀念上。
06:09
You see, if you understand the link
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看，你如果了解
06:12
between what we're doing
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我們對地球
06:14
to poison and pollute the planet
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所造成的污染
06:16
and what we're doing to poor people,
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和我們對窮人帶來的影響之間是有關聯的
06:19
you arrive at a very troubling,
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你就會得到這個
06:21
but also very helpful, insight:
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令人不安但很有幫助的看法：
06:24
In order to trash the planet,
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要把地球作廢
06:26
you have to trash people.
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你得先把人類作廢。
06:28
But if you create a world where you don't trash people,
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但是如果你能創造一個珍惜人類的世界
06:31
you can't trash the planet.
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你也就做到了珍惜地球。
06:33
So now we are at a moment
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我們社會進步到了
06:35
where the coming together of social justice as an idea
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一方面重視社會正義
06:38
and ecology as an idea,
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一方面也要環境保護
06:40
we finally can now see
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但我們也終於看出來
06:42
that they are really, at the end of the day, one idea.
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這其實是一體的兩個面。
06:45
And it's the idea that we don't have disposable anything.
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這兩個面指的事就是，拒絕用過就丟。
06:48
We don't have disposable resources.
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我們的資源不該是用過即丟的
06:51
We don't have disposable species.
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其他的生物也不是用過即丟的。
06:53
And we don't have disposable people either.
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人類更不是用過即丟的。
06:56
We don't have a throwaway planet,
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我們的地球不是用過即丟的
06:58
and we don't have throwaway children -- it's all precious.
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就像我們的下一代一樣，都是很珍貴的。
07:01
And as we all begin to come back to that basic understanding,
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一旦我們有了這樣的基礎認識
07:04
new opportunities for action begin to emerge.
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新的行動機會也跟著出現了。
07:07
Biomimicry,
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那就是“仿生學”
07:09
which is something
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這是一樣新概念
07:11
that is an emerging science,
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剛出現的新科學
07:13
winds up being a very important social justice idea.
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也是一個很重要的社會正義的概念
07:16
People who are just learning about this stuff,
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人們也才剛開始了解。
07:18
biomimicry means
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仿生學是指
07:20
respecting the wisdom of all species.
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尊重所有物種的智慧。
07:22
Democracy, by the way,
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順便一提，民主，
07:24
means respecting the wisdom of all people -- and we'll get to that.
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是指尊重所有人民的智慧。
07:26
But biomimicry means respecting the wisdom of all species.
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仿生學是指尊重所有物種的智慧。
07:29
It turns out we're a pretty clever species.
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我們人類被認定是很聰明的物種
07:32
This big cortex, or whatever, we're pretty proud of ourselves.
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腦很大之類的，我們相當自豪。
07:35
But if we want to make something hard,
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我們要是要做一樣硬的東西
07:38
we come up, "I know, I'm going to make a hard substance.
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我們會想，”我要拿一樣硬的原料
07:41
I know, I'm going to get vacuums and furnaces
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我知道，我還需要鼓風機和熔爐
07:44
and drag stuff out of the ground
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把硬的原料從地底挖出來
07:46
and get things hot and poison and pollute,
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把一切搞得熱乎乎、又有毒、又重污染
07:49
but I got this hard thing.
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但我最後還是得到我要的。
07:52
I'm so clever,"
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我太聰明了。“
07:54
and you look behind you, and there's destruction all around you.
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你看看你後面，一路造成的破壞
07:57
But guess what? You're so clever,
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你還說你很聰明嗎？
07:59
but you're not as clever as a clam.
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你還比不上一顆蛤蚌呢
08:01
A clamshell's hard.
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蛤蚌的殼很硬
08:03
There's no vacuums. There's no big furnaces.
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不需要鼓風機，不需要大的熔爐
08:06
There's no poison. There's no pollution.
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不產生有毒物質，也沒有污染。
08:08
It turns out that our other species
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看起來別的物種
08:10
has figured out a long time ago
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很早以前就知道
08:12
how to create many of the things that we need
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用自然界的生物功法
08:15
using biological processes that nature knows how to use well.
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來製造我們需要的東西。
08:18
Well that insight of biomimicry,
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我們的科學家終於了解
08:20
of our scientists finally realizing
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仿生學的内涵
08:22
that we have as much to learn from other species.
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我們可以從其它物種那裏學很多東西，
08:24
I don't mean taking a mouse
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我不是說抓一隻老鼠
08:26
and sticking it with stuff.
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給牠貼上東西
08:28
I don't mean looking at it from that way -- abusing the little species.
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我不是說要虐待小動物
08:31
I mean actually respecting them, respecting what they've achieved.
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我是說要去尊重，尊重牠們的成就。
08:34
That's called biomimicry,
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這就是仿生學
08:36
and that opens the door
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這也是做到
08:38
to zero waste production,
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完全利用，
08:40
zero pollution production --
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零污染的關鍵
08:42
that we could actually enjoy
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這樣我們才可以
08:44
a high quality of life, a high standard of living
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享受高品質的生活
08:46
without trashing the planet.
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而不會使地球毀滅。
08:48
Well that idea of biomimicry,
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這個仿生學的
08:51
respecting the wisdom of all species,
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尊重所有物種的智慧的概念
08:53
combined with the idea
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去結合
08:55
of democracy and social justice,
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民主和社會正義的
08:57
respecting the wisdom and the worth of all people,
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尊重所有人類的智慧和價值的觀念，
09:00
would give us a different society.
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會產生一個不同以往的社會。
09:02
We would have a different economy.
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我們也會有一個不同的經濟
09:04
We would have a green society
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我們會有金博士都引以爲傲的
09:06
that Dr. King would be proud of.
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環保綠色社會。
09:08
That should be the goal.
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這應該是我們的目標。
09:10
And the way that we get there is to first of all recognize
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而要達到這個目標
09:13
that the idea of disposability
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大家要先認知這個用過即丟的概念
09:16
not only hurts
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不止傷害了
09:18
the species we've talked about,
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我們談到的物種
09:20
but it even corrupts our own society.
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還會腐化我們的社會。
09:23
We're so proud to live here in California.
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我們是如此地以住在加州為傲
09:26
We just had this vote, and everybody's like,
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我們才剛投過票，大家才透過選票說
09:28
"Well, not in our state.
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“這種事不該在這裡發生。
09:31
I don't know what those other states were doing."
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別的州在搞什麽我不懂。”
09:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:36
Just so proud.
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是如此地自豪。
09:38
And, yeah, I'm proud, too.
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對啊，我也覺得很驕傲。
09:41
But California,
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但是加州
09:44
though we lead the world in some of the green stuff,
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雖然我們在一些環保建設是領先的
09:47
we also, unfortunately, lead the world
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但是，不幸地，在監禁人口這件事上
09:49
in some of the gulag stuff.
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我們也是領先全球的。
09:52
California has one of the highest incarceration rates
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加州有全國50州
09:55
of all the 50 states.
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最高的囚禁率。
09:57
We have a moral challenge in this moment.
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我們現在有個道德上的挑戰
10:00
We are passionate about rescuing
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我們花很多心思
10:03
some dead materials from the landfill,
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來拯救瀕危的生態
10:05
but sometimes not as passionate
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但我們對拯救活生生的人
10:07
about rescuing living beings, living people.
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卻不一直是那麽有興趣。
10:10
And I would say that we live in a country --
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我可以說我們住的美國
10:13
five percent of the world's population,
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有全世界百分之五的人口
10:15
25 percent of the greenhouse gases,
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排放全球百分之25的溫室氣體
10:18
but also 25 percent of the world's prisoners.
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還有關了全球百分之25的囚犯。
10:20
One out of every four people locked up anywhere in the world
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全世界的囚犯每四個人
10:23
is locked up right here in the United States.
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就有一個人是関在美國。
10:25
So that is consistent with this idea
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所以這又跟我們這種
10:28
that disposability is something we believe in.
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只用一次、用過即丟的壞習慣相呼應。
10:31
And yet,
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然而
10:34
as a movement
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要成爲一個活動
10:36
that has to broaden its constituency,
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就要拓廣活動的延續性
10:38
that has to grow,
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就要使這個活動能成長
10:40
that has to reach out beyond our natural comfort zone,
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要使這個活動能超越其傳統範圍
10:43
one of the challenges to the success of this movement,
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要把消除塑膠或幫助塑膠經濟轉型
10:46
of getting rid of things like plastic and helping the economy shift,
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這個活動能否成功，我們常遇到的挑戰為
10:49
is people look at our movement with some suspicion.
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人們常常對我們抱持著懷疑的態度。
10:52
And they ask a question, and the question is:
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人們常常問一個問題：
10:55
How can these people be so passionate?
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這些人怎麽會這麽有熱情這麽執著？
10:58
A poor person, a low-income person, somebody in "Cancer Alley,"
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一個窮人、低收入戶、住在癌症帶的人
11:01
somebody in Watts,
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住在瓦茨區（洛杉磯的窮人區）
11:04
somebody in Harlem, somebody on an Indian reservation,
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住在哈林區（紐約的窮人區），住在印第安保留區的人
11:06
might say to themselves, and rightfully so,
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他們會這麽說，倒也沒錯
11:08
"How can these people be so passionate
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“這些人怎麽會這麽執著地
11:11
about making sure
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要確認
11:13
that a plastic bottle
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一個塑膠瓶
11:15
has a second chance in life,
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還可以回收再利用，
11:17
or an aluminum can has a second chance,
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或是一個鋁罐可以再有第二個生命，
11:20
and yet, when my child gets in trouble
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然而，我的小孩惹了麻煩
11:22
and goes to prison,
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被送進了監獄
11:24
he doesn't get a second chance?"
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卻沒有第二次的機會？“
11:26
How can this movement be so passionate
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我們怎麽可以如此熱情地倡導
11:28
about saying we don't have throwaway stuff, no throwaway dead materials,
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資源物質的再回收利用
11:31
and yet accept
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然而任由
11:33
throwaway lives and throwaway communities like "Cancer Alley?"
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人命的廢置或癌症帶的存在？
11:36
And so we now get a chance
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所以我們現在有個機會
11:39
to be truly proud of this movement.
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能讓我們真正為這個活動感到驕傲
11:42
When we take on topics like this,
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如果我們選擇這個為我們奮鬥的議題
11:44
it gives us that extra call
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這給我們額外的動機
11:46
to reach out to other movements
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來向其他的活動伸展
11:48
and to become more inclusive and to grow,
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也使得我們變得更有包含性、也更能成長。
11:51
and we can finally get out of this crazy dilemma that we've been in.
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而我們也終於能夠跳出以前那個無法兩全的局面。
11:55
Most of you are good, softhearted people.
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你們大部分的人是好的，心很軟的
11:57
When you were younger, you cared about the whole world,
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當你們年輕時，你們關心全世界
12:00
and at some point
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甚至於在某個階段
12:02
somebody said you had to pick an issue,
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有人說，你必須選擇一個議題來關心、奮鬥
12:04
you had to boil your love down to an issue.
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一個可以把你的愛加諸其上的議題。
12:06
Can't love the whole world --
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你不可能愛全世界
12:08
you've got to work on trees,
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所以你選擇植樹、
12:10
or you've got to work on immigration.
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選擇移民政策
12:12
You've got to shrink it down and be about one issue.
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你必須做篩選，只選一個議題來關心。
12:15
And really, they fundamentally told you,
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基本上他們的意思是
12:18
"Are you going to hug a tree,
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“你是要去擁抱一棵樹
12:20
or are you going to hug a child? Pick.
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還是一個小孩？選吧。
12:22
Are you going to hug a tree,
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你是要去擁抱一棵樹
12:24
or are you going to hug a child? Pick."
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還是一個小孩？選吧。”
12:26
Well, when you start working on issues like plastic,
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但是你要是選擇塑膠為你的議題
12:28
you realize that the whole thing is connected,
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你將了解很多事是環環相扣的
12:31
and luckily most of us are blessed to have two arms.
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很幸運地，我們都有兩條手臂
12:33
We can hug both.
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我們小孩和樹都可以擁抱。
12:35
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
12:37
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Van Jones - Social justice and green energy activistVan Jones sees a clear link between social justice and green energy -- and works for both.
Why you should listen
Anthony "Van" Jones is founder of the Ella Baker Center for human rights, based in Oakland, California, and of Green for All, an NGO dedicated to "building an inclusive green economy strong enough to lift people out of poverty." His work points to the connection between green energy and job creation. He's the author of The Green Collar Economy: How One Solution Can Fix Our Two Biggest Problems. In 2009, US President Obama appointed Jones his Special Advisor on Green Jobs; Jones resigned the position later that year.
Jones is a senior fellow at the Center For American Progress and a senior policy advisor at Green For All. He holds a joint appointment at Princeton as a distinguished visiting fellow in both the Center for African American Studies and in the Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Van Jones | Speaker | TED.com