TEDGlobal 2013
Andreas Raptopoulos: No roads? There's a drone for that
安德烈亞斯·拉托普魯斯: 沒有道路？我們有無人機
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,056,680 views
十億人缺乏四季皆能運作的道路。互聯網的結構能提供接觸他們的藍圖嗎？來自 Matternet（物件網絡）的安德烈亞斯·拉托普魯斯這樣想。他向我們介紹新的交通模式，利用全自動，電動的飛行機器去運送藥物、食物、物料和耗材到有需要的地方。
Andreas Raptopoulos - Airborne logistics activist
Andreas Raptopoulos and his colleagues are building the flying internet of things, using drones to carry essential goods to otherwise inaccessible areas. Full bio
Andreas Raptopoulos and his colleagues are building the flying internet of things, using drones to carry essential goods to otherwise inaccessible areas. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
One billion people in the world today
0
1046
2519
今天世界上有十億人
00:15
do not have access to all-season roads.
1
3565
2280
不能使用全天候皆能運作的道路。
00:17
One billion people.
2
5845
1705
一億人。
00:19
One seventh of the Earth's population
3
7550
2171
地球七分之一的人口
00:21
are totally cut off for some part of the year.
4
9721
3309
一年中有時被截斷聯繫，
00:25
We cannot get medicine to them reliably,
5
13030
2328
我們不能可靠地運送藥物，
00:27
they cannot get critical supplies,
6
15358
2346
他們不能拿到緊急物資，
00:29
and they cannot get their goods to market
7
17704
1989
不能以到市場賣東西
00:31
in order to create a sustainable income.
8
19693
3890
創造稳定的收入。
00:35
In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance,
9
23583
2144
在撒哈拉南邊，
00:37
85 percent of roads are unusable in the wet season.
10
25727
3913
雨季裏百分之85的道路都是不可用的。
00:41
Investments are being made,
11
29640
2019
在現今階段
00:43
but at the current level,
12
31659
1545
有人投資在道路上，
00:45
it's estimated it's going to take them
13
33204
1397
但估計需要50年
00:46
50 years to catch up.
14
34601
3106
才能解決。
00:49
In the U.S. alone, there's more than four million
15
37707
2294
僅在美國，就有超過四百萬
00:52
miles of roads, very expensive to build,
16
40001
3131
英里的道路；建設非常昂貴，
00:55
very expensive to maintain infrastructure,
17
43132
3371
維修也很貴，
00:58
with a huge ecological footprint,
18
46503
2269
非常不環保
01:00
and yet, very often, congested.
19
48772
3672
可是，通常都是堵塞了的。
01:04
So we saw this and we thought,
20
52444
2382
所以我們想，
01:06
can there be a better way?
21
54826
1483
有更好的辦法嗎？
01:08
Can we create a system using today's
most advanced technologies
most advanced technologies
22
56309
3455
利用現代科技，可否建立一個
01:11
that can allow this part of the world to leapfrog
23
59764
3120
能令這些人受惠的系統，
01:14
in the same way they've done with mobile telephones
24
62884
2355
就像最近十年內
01:17
in the last 10 years?
25
65239
1875
像手提電話一樣？
01:19
Many of those nations have excellent telecommunications today
26
67114
2945
現今擁有最好的電訊的國家
01:22
without ever putting copper lines in the ground.
27
70059
2977
通常都沒有埋銅線於地下。
01:25
Could we do the same for transportation?
28
73036
3350
我們能用同樣的方法來處理交通嗎？
01:28
Imagine this scenario.
29
76386
2315
想像一下。
01:30
Imagine you are in a maternity ward in Mali,
30
78701
3158
想像你在馬里（非洲國家）的產房，
01:33
and have a newborn in need of urgent medication.
31
81859
3230
需要緊急醫療。
01:37
What would you do today?
32
85089
2232
你會做什麼？
01:39
Well, you would place a request via mobile phone,
33
87321
2397
你會打電話
01:41
and someone would get the request immediately.
34
89718
2864
然後有人會立即知道。
01:44
That's the part that works.
35
92582
1993
這部分沒問題。
01:46
The medication may take days to arrive, though,
36
94575
2037
然而藥物可能需要幾日才到達
01:48
because of bad roads.
37
96612
1410
因為很差的的交通因素。
01:50
That's the part that's broken.
38
98022
2356
這部分十分殘破。
01:52
We believe we can deliver it within hours
39
100378
2517
我們相信，利用獨立飛航的工具
01:54
with an electric autonomous flying vehicle
40
102895
2581
藥物幾小時就能被運到。
01:57
such as this.
41
105476
1405
就像這樣。
01:58
This can transport a small payload
today, about two kilograms,
today, about two kilograms,
42
106881
2885
這能與大概十公里範圍內運送
02:01
over a short distance, about 10 kilometers,
43
109766
2634
大概兩公斤的物資，
02:04
but it's part of a wider network that may cover
44
112400
2355
同時是一個龐大網絡的一部分，
02:06
the entire country, maybe even the entire continent.
45
114755
3960
大至整個國家，甚至整個大陸。
02:10
It's an ultra-flexible, automated logistics network.
46
118715
4338
它是十分彈性，自動的物流網絡。
02:15
It's a network for a transportation of matter.
47
123053
2935
它是傳送物資的網絡。
02:17
We call it Matternet.
48
125988
1777
我們叫他為「Matternet」。
02:19
We use three key technologies.
49
127765
1514
我們用三個主要的科技。
02:21
The first is electric autonomous flying vehicles.
50
129279
2635
第一，電子飛航交通工具。
02:23
The second is automated ground stations
51
131914
2711
第二，自動化的地面車站，
02:26
that the vehicles fly in and out of
52
134625
1979
那會容許飛航工具
02:28
to swap batteries and fly farther,
53
136604
2258
換電池和飛更遠，
02:30
or pick up or deliver loads.
54
138862
1742
拿起和放下負載。
02:32
And the third is the operating system
55
140604
1731
第三，管理整個網絡
02:34
that manages the whole network.
56
142335
2743
的操作系統。
02:37
Let's look at each one of those
technologies in a bit more detail.
technologies in a bit more detail.
57
145078
3339
現在，我們詳細地看這些科技。
02:40
First of all, the UAVs.
58
148417
2245
首先，無人機。
02:42
Eventually, we're going to be
using all sorts of vehicles
using all sorts of vehicles
59
150662
2084
有朝一日，我們將根據不同的重量和距離
02:44
for different payload capacities and different ranges.
60
152746
2454
而使用不同的無人機。
02:47
Today, we're using small quads.
61
155200
2256
今天，我們在用四方的小飛機。
02:49
These are able to transport two kilograms
62
157456
2343
這些能在15分鐘內
02:51
over 10 kilometers in just about 15 minutes.
63
159799
2813
飛超過10公里運輸2公斤的物資。
02:54
Compare this with trying to trespass a bad road
64
162612
2526
比較在發展中國家
02:57
in the developing world,
65
165138
1414
嘗試用車走過凹凸不平的道路，
02:58
or even being stuck in traffic
66
166552
2220
甚至是在已發展國家
03:00
in a developed world country.
67
168772
2045
經常出現的交通擁塞。
03:02
These fly autonomously.
68
170817
1710
這些能自動飛行。
03:04
This is the key to the technology.
69
172527
1556
這科技十分重要。
03:06
So they use GPS and other sensors on board
70
174083
2360
他們利用GPS和其他感應器
03:08
to navigate between ground stations.
71
176443
3694
在地上車站導航。
03:12
Every vehicle is equipped with an automatic
72
180137
2425
每輛機器都裝上
03:14
payload and battery exchange mechanism,
73
182562
3038
有效載荷和換電池的機制，
03:17
so these vehicles navigate to those ground stations,
74
185600
2406
這些無人機航行到這些車站，
03:20
they dock, swap a battery automatically,
75
188006
2116
停泊，換電池，
03:22
and go out again.
76
190122
1704
再次行駛。
03:23
The ground stations are located on safe locations
77
191826
2756
這些車站是位於地上
03:26
on the ground.
78
194582
1562
安全的位置。
03:28
They secure the most vulnerable part of the mission,
79
196144
1999
它們鞏固整個任務最脆弱的部分：
03:30
which is the landing.
80
198143
1854
降落。
03:31
They are at known locations on the ground,
81
199997
2092
這些車站位於已知的地點，
03:34
so the paths between them are also known,
82
202089
1920
因此它們中間的路線也是清楚的；
03:36
which is very important from a reliability perspective
83
204009
2738
站在可信性的立場來說，對於整個網絡，
03:38
from the whole network.
84
206747
1551
這是十分重要的。
03:40
Apart from fulfilling the energy
requirements of the vehicles,
requirements of the vehicles,
85
208298
2824
除了滿足機器的能源需要，
03:43
eventually they're going to be becoming
86
211122
2372
它們最終都要成為
03:45
commercial hubs where people can take out loads
87
213494
2700
人們能在網絡中拿出物資
03:48
or put loads into the network.
88
216194
3063
或放東西進去的商業樞紐。
03:51
The last component is the operating system
89
219257
2223
最後的部分是管理整個網絡的
03:53
that manages the whole network.
90
221480
1894
運作系統。
03:55
It monitors weather data from all the ground stations
91
223374
2741
它掌控來自地下車站的天氣資料，
03:58
and optimizes the routes of
the vehicles through the system
the vehicles through the system
92
226115
3341
為機器尋找最佳的路線，
04:01
to avoid adverse weather conditions,
93
229456
2591
避免不利的天氣和
04:04
avoid other risk factors,
94
232047
2003
其他風險因素，
04:06
and optimize the use of the resources
95
234050
1720
在網絡中最有效地
04:07
throughout the network.
96
235770
1898
運用資源。
04:09
I want to show you what one of those flights
97
237668
1642
我想讓你們看一看
04:11
looks like.
98
239310
1768
這些無人機的樣子。
04:13
Here we are flying in Haiti last summer,
99
241078
3942
這是去年夏天我們在海地的航行，
04:17
where we've done our first field trials.
100
245020
2443
我們第一次的實地試驗。
04:19
We're modeling here a medical delivery
101
247463
2144
那裏，我們在 2010 年海地大地震後興建了一個營，
04:21
in a camp we set up after the 2010 earthquake.
102
249607
4840
現在模擬運送藥物。
04:26
People there love this.
103
254447
2551
當地的人非常喜歡。
04:28
And I want to show you
104
256998
2129
我想讓你們看看
04:31
what one of those vehicles looks like up close.
105
259127
4876
在近距離下這些飛機的樣子。
04:36
So this is a $3,000 vehicle.
106
264003
2008
這是一輛價值 3000 元的飛機。
04:38
Costs are coming down very rapidly.
107
266011
4017
價錢將會很快下降。
04:42
We use this in all sorts of weather conditions,
108
270028
3175
我們在任何天氣環境下都能使用，
04:45
very hot and very cold climates,
109
273203
1795
炎熱或寒冷，
04:46
very strong winds. They're very sturdy vehicles.
110
274998
6098
強風。它們非常結實耐用。
04:53
Imagine if your life depended on this package,
111
281096
4019
想想你生命完全依賴這包裹。
04:57
somewhere in Africa
112
285115
1444
非洲某處，
04:58
or in New York City, after Sandy.
113
286559
4263
又或經過桑迪暴風吹襲的紐約。
05:02
The next big question is, what's the cost?
114
290822
3306
第二個大問題是，價錢呢？
05:06
Well, it turns out that the cost to transport
115
294128
3810
其實在超過十公里的距離
05:09
two kilograms over 10 kilometers with this vehicle
116
297938
3959
運送兩公斤的物件
05:13
is just 24 cents.
117
301897
3373
價格僅僅是 24 美分。
05:17
(Applause)
118
305270
5072
（掌聲）
05:22
And it's counterintuitive, but the cost of energy
119
310342
2744
有違常理地，能源的價格
05:25
expended for the flight is only two cents
120
313086
1989
花費的只是整個旅程中的
05:27
of a dollar today,
121
315075
1338
2 美分而已；
05:28
and we're just at the beginning of this.
122
316413
2133
而我們只是剛剛起步。
05:30
When we saw this, we felt that this is something
123
318546
2602
我們看到這事，我們認為這能對
05:33
that can have significant impact in the world.
124
321148
2999
世界帶來顯著的效果。
05:36
So we said, okay, how much does it cost
125
324147
2418
所以我們問：在世界任何一處建立
05:38
to set up a network somewhere in the world?
126
326565
2068
一個網絡要花多少？
05:40
And we looked at setting up a network in Lesotho
127
328633
2030
所以我們查看了如何在萊索托（非洲南部內陸國家）
05:42
for transportation of HIV/AIDS samples.
128
330663
3041
建立為搜集艾滋病毒樣本的交通系統。
05:45
The problem there is how do you take them
129
333704
2407
當地的問題是：如何將樣品由
05:48
from clinics where they're being collected
130
336111
2229
蒐集樣本的診所
05:50
to hospitals where they're being analyzed?
131
338340
3020
運送到醫院做化驗？
05:53
And we said, what if we wanted to cover an area
132
341360
2142
另外，假如我們要覆蓋
05:55
spanning around 140 square kilometers?
133
343502
2657
超過 140 平方公里的範圍？
05:58
That's roughly one and a half times
the size of Manhattan.
the size of Manhattan.
134
346159
3474
那是大概曼哈頓 1.5 倍的面積。
06:01
Well it turns out that the cost to do that there
135
349633
2167
原來，要花費的
06:03
would be less than a million dollars.
136
351800
2975
只少於 100萬美元。
06:06
Compare this to normal infrastructure investments.
137
354775
3231
將這價格和普通基建的價錢相比。
06:10
We think this can be -- this is the power
138
358006
3157
我們相信這是
06:13
of a new paradigm.
139
361163
2719
新範例的能力。
06:15
So here we are: a new idea
140
363882
2483
現在，我們從網絡上
06:18
about a network for transportation
141
366365
1870
衍生出對交通網絡
06:20
that is based on the ideas of the Internet.
142
368235
2646
新的意念。
06:22
It's decentralized, it's peer-to-peer,
143
370881
2229
它並非統一，而是點對點，
06:25
it's bidirectional, highly adaptable,
144
373110
2703
雙向，極容易適應，
06:27
with very low infrastructure investment,
145
375813
2510
以及擁有很低的基建投資，
06:30
very low ecological footprint.
146
378323
4133
非常環保。
06:34
If it is a new paradigm, though,
147
382456
2284
但假如這是新的範例，
06:36
there must be other uses for it.
148
384740
2146
它一定有其他用處。
06:38
It can be used perhaps in other places in the world.
149
386886
2166
可能在世界上其它地方都能用。
06:41
So let's look at the other end of the spectrum:
150
389052
4178
所以一起探索另一個角落。
06:45
our cities and megacities.
151
393230
2005
我們的城市和巨型城市。
06:47
Half of the Earth's population lives in cities today.
152
395235
2872
今天，一半的人住在城市。
06:50
Half a billion of us live in megacities.
153
398107
2720
超過五億人住在超大城市。
06:52
We are living through an amazing urbanization trend.
154
400827
2680
我們生活在都市化潮流的年代。
06:55
China alone is adding a megacity
155
403507
1973
光是中國，每兩年就會
06:57
the size of New York City every two years.
156
405480
3107
建設面積相當於紐約城市。
07:00
These are places that do have road infrastructure,
157
408587
2653
這些地方確實有道路基建，
07:03
but it's very inefficient.
158
411240
2314
然而非常沒效率。
07:05
Congestion is a huge problem.
159
413554
2132
交通堵塞是個很嚴重的問題。
07:07
So we think it makes sense in those places
160
415686
1940
因此我們認為在那裏
07:09
to set up a network of transportation
161
417626
2370
設立一個交通網絡有道理。
07:11
that is a new layer that sits between the road
162
419996
2166
一個新的層次，坐落於道路
07:14
and the Internet,
163
422162
1271
和網絡中間，
07:15
initially for lightweight, urgent stuff,
164
423433
2906
最初是為輕便，緊急的物資而設；
07:18
and over time, we would hope to develop this
165
426339
2049
隨著時間，我們希望將它
07:20
into a new mode of transportation
166
428388
1992
發展成新模式的交通，
07:22
that is truly a modern solution to a very old problem.
167
430380
3452
以現代的方法解決這古老的問題。
07:25
It's ultimately scalable
168
433832
1554
這方法能以
07:27
with a very small ecological footprint,
169
435386
2858
非常環保的方式擴展；
07:30
operating in the background 24/7,
170
438244
2976
每時每刻都在背後運作，
07:33
just like the Internet.
171
441220
2346
就像互聯網一樣。
07:35
So when we started this
172
443566
2422
因此在我們幾年前
07:37
a couple of years ago now,
173
445988
3002
開始研究這時，
07:40
we've had a lot of people come up to us who said,
174
448990
2344
很多人跟我們說：「
07:43
"This is a very interesting but crazy idea,
175
451334
2832
這是一個有趣然而瘋狂的想法，
07:46
and certainly not something that you should
176
454166
1834
你們不應該花時間
07:48
engage with anytime soon."
177
456000
2714
在這件事上。」
07:50
And of course, we're talking about drones, right,
178
458714
2143
當然，我們是在談無人機，
07:52
a technology that's not only unpopular in the West
179
460857
3702
一件不但在西方不普遍的科技，
07:56
but one that has become a very, very unpleasant
180
464559
1948
同時對於窮困的人來說
07:58
fact of life for many living in poor countries,
181
466507
2865
一件令人討厭的玩意，
08:01
especially those engaged in conflict.
182
469372
2811
特別是處於衝突的人。
08:04
So why are we doing this?
183
472183
4534
那我們為什麼還要做呢？
08:08
Well, we chose to do this one
184
476717
2784
我們並非因為
08:11
not because it's easy,
185
479501
1786
這件事很簡單，
08:13
but because it can have amazing impact.
186
481287
2835
卻是因為它能帶來驚人的影響。
08:16
Imagine one billion people being connected
187
484122
2825
想像十億人利用
08:18
to physical goods in the same way
188
486947
2395
像手機電信
08:21
that mobile telecommunications connected them
189
489342
3024
聯繫資訊的方式
08:24
to information.
190
492366
2092
聯繫到物品。
08:26
Imagine if the next big network we built in the world
191
494458
3740
想像我們世界之後建立的大網絡
08:30
was a network for the transportation of matter.
192
498198
3763
是運送物質的。
08:33
In the developing world, we would hope
193
501961
2402
在發展中國家，我們希望
08:36
to reach millions of people with better vaccines,
194
504363
2705
讓眾多的人使用更好的疫苗，
08:39
reach them with better medication.
195
507068
1884
運送更好的藥物。
08:40
It would give us an unfair advantage against battling
196
508952
1858
這樣一來，我們在
08:42
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other epidemics.
197
510810
3992
對抗艾滋病毒，肺結核和流行病擁有極大的優勢。
08:46
Over time, we would hope it would become
198
514802
1696
隨著時間推移，我們希望它會成為
08:48
a new platform for economic transactions,
199
516498
2174
經濟交易的新平台，
08:50
lifting millions of people out of poverty.
200
518672
2461
帶領千千萬萬的人脫貧。
08:53
In the developed world and the emerging world,
201
521133
2210
無論是已發展和發展中的地方，
08:55
we would hope it would become a new mode
202
523343
1468
我們都希望這能成為
08:56
of transportation that could help make our cities
203
524811
3721
新的交通模式，因而令我們的生活
09:00
more livable.
204
528532
1853
更適合居住。
09:02
So for those that still believe
that this is science fiction,
that this is science fiction,
205
530385
3343
對於那些仍然認為這是科學小說的人，
09:05
I firmly say to you that it is not.
206
533728
2815
我強烈地像你們說：不是。
09:08
We do need to engage, though,
207
536543
1669
我們卻要參與，
09:10
in social fiction to make it happen.
208
538212
3068
與社會小說中，去令這發生。
09:13
Thank you.
209
541280
2167
謝謝。
09:15
(Applause)
210
543447
4000
（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andreas Raptopoulos - Airborne logistics activistAndreas Raptopoulos and his colleagues are building the flying internet of things, using drones to carry essential goods to otherwise inaccessible areas.
Why you should listen
It's a modern-day truism that, in regions where the phone company never bothered to lay network cable, locals quickly adopted mobile phones -- and then innovated mobile services that go far beyond what so-called developed countries have. Could the same pattern hold true with roads?
Andreas Raptopoulos is hoping to find out with Matternet, a project that uses swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver urgent items -- think emergency and medical supplies -- to places where there are no driveable roads. Imagine a sort of flying bucket brigade or relay race, where autonomous quadricopters pass packages around a flexible network that behaves something like the internet -- but for real goods.
Raptopoulos is a designer, inventor and entrepreneur. Prior to Matternet, he founded FutureAcoustic, a music platform that adjusts to the listener's environment.
Andreas Raptopoulos | Speaker | TED.com