ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shivani Siroya - Mobile finance entrepreneur
Shivani Siroya created a tool that allows anyone with a cell phone to build a financial track record.

Why you should listen

Shivani Siroya is the CEO & Founder of Tala, a company that facilitates financial access to small businesses owners around the world by providing mobile financial tracking tools and direct flexible financing in order to help these businesses and their communities lift themselves out of poverty. She was selected as a TED Fellow in 2013.

Siroya has a wide array of professional experiences in global health, micro-finance and investment banking. Prior to Tala, she worked health costing at UNFPA and Mergers & Acquisitions at Health Net and Citigroup.

Siroya is a 2011 Echoing Green Fellow and 2011Unreasonable Institute Fellow. She is also a blogger for the Huffington Post and has written on Microfinance 2.0 as well as small business growth in the U.S. She is also on the board of ReWork and Young Women Social Entrepreneurs.

Siroya holds a M.P.H in Health Economics and International Policy from Columbia University and a B.A. in International Relations from Wesleyan University.

More profile about the speaker
Shivani Siroya | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Shivani Siroya: A smart loan for people with no credit history (yet)

席瓦妮.斯洛亞: 為尚未擁有信用記錄的人而生的智慧貸款

Filmed:
1,669,346 views

你怎麼建立別人對你的信任?銀行以信用積分來衡量你的信譽,但世界上約有 25 億人沒有信用記錄──他們拿不到貸款來做生意、買房子或是改善生活。聽 TED 大會會士席瓦妮.斯洛亞說明新創公司 InVenture 如何利用手機資料建構出人們在金融世界的身份,從而釋放出開發中地區的潛在消費力。「信用積分看似微不足道,卻能夠賦予人們建構自己未來的力量。」席瓦妮說。
- Mobile finance entrepreneur
Shivani Siroya created a tool that allows anyone with a cell phone to build a financial track record. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
How much do you need
to know about a person
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你要多瞭解一個人,
00:14
before you'd feel comfortable自在
making製造 a loan貸款?
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才能夠放心地借他錢?
00:18
Suppose假設 you wanted to lend 1,000 dollars美元
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假如要你出借 1,000 美金
00:20
to the person sitting坐在 two rows behind背後 you.
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給坐你後兩排的人。
00:23
What would you need to know
about that person
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你需要先知道哪些資訊,
00:25
before you'd feel comfortable自在?
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才能夠放心呢?
00:27
My mom媽媽 came來了 to the US from India印度
in her late晚了 thirties三十年代.
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我的母親在快四十歲時
從印度來到美國。
00:31
She's a doctor醫生 in Brooklyn布魯克林,
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她是布魯克林的醫生。
00:33
and she often經常 lets讓我們 friends朋友 and neighbors鄰居
come to see her for health健康 services服務,
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她經常為朋友、
街坊鄰居提供健康服務,
00:37
whether是否 they can pay工資 right away or not.
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無論他們是否有能力當場付錢。
00:39
I remember記得 running賽跑 into her patients耐心
with her at the grocery雜貨 store商店
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記得曾和她在路上
遇到病人──在雜貨店
00:43
or on the sidewalk人行道,
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或人行道上──
00:44
and sometimes有時 they would come
and pay工資 her right on the spot
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有時候他們會當場掏錢,
00:47
for previous以前 appointments約會.
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付上次看病的費用。
00:48
She would thank them,
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她會說謝謝,
00:49
and ask them about their families家庭
and their health健康.
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然後聊聊對方的家庭和健康。
00:53
She gave them credit信用
because she trusted信任 them.
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她讓他們賒帳,因為她信任他們。
00:57
Most of us are like my mom媽媽.
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多數人就跟我母親一樣。
00:59
We would give credit信用 to someone有人 we know
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我們會借錢給熟識的人,
01:02
or that we live生活 next下一個 to.
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或身邊的人。
01:04
But most of us are probably大概 not
going to lend to a stranger陌生人
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但大部分的人大概
不會借錢給陌生人,
01:07
unless除非 we know a little
something about them.
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除非我們某種程度地瞭解對方。
01:11
Banks銀行, credit信用 card companies公司
and other financial金融 institutions機構
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銀行、信用卡公司和其他金融機構
01:15
don't know us on a personal個人 level水平,
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並不認識我們個人,
01:17
but they do have a way of trusting信任的 us,
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但他們有種信任機制,
01:20
and that's through通過 our credit信用 scores分數.
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便是透過我們的信用積分。
01:23
Our credit信用 scores分數 have been created創建
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信用積分的建立,
01:25
through通過 an aggregation聚合 and analysis分析
of our public上市 consumer消費者 credit信用 data數據.
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是透過彙整與分析公開消費資訊所得到的結果。
01:29
And because of them, we have
pretty漂亮 much easy簡單 access訪問
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因為有它,我們有了方便的管道
01:32
to all of the goods產品
and services服務 that we need,
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獲得各式各樣的商品和服務,
01:35
from getting得到 electricity電力 to buying購買 a home,
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從獲取電力到購買房子,
01:38
or taking服用 a risk風險 and starting開始 a business商業.
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或是冒點風險創立事業。
01:41
But ...
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然而,
01:42
there are 2.5 billion十億 people
around the world世界
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全球約有 25 億人
01:47
that don't have a credit信用 score得分了.
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沒有信用積分。
01:49
That's a third第三 of the world's世界 population人口.
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這佔了世界三分之一的人口。
01:52
They don't have a score得分了
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他們沒有積分,
01:54
because there are no formal正式
public上市 records記錄 on them --
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因為缺乏正式的公開紀錄──
01:57
no bank銀行 accounts賬戶,
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沒有銀行帳戶、
01:58
no credit信用 histories歷史
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沒有信用記錄、
02:00
and no social社會 security安全 numbers數字.
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沒有社會保險號碼。
02:02
And because they don't have a score得分了,
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因為他們沒有積分,
02:04
they don't have access訪問
to the credit信用 or financial金融 products製品
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他們沒機會接觸信用或金融商品,
02:08
that can improve提高 their lives生活.
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也無從以此改善生活。
02:11
They are not trusted信任.
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他們不被信任。
02:14
So we wanted to find a way to build建立 trust相信
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所以我們想要找到建立信任的方法,
02:18
and to open打開 up financial金融 access訪問
for these 2.5 billion十億.
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對這25億人打開金融的大門。
02:22
So we created創建 a mobile移動 application應用
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我們做了一個手機應用程式,
02:25
that builds建立 credit信用 scores分數 for them
using運用 mobile移動 data數據.
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利用手機資料
來創造他們的信用積分。
02:30
There are currently目前 over one billion十億
smartphones智能手機 in emerging新興 markets市場.
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目前在新興市場,
有超過 10 億支智慧型手機。
02:34
And people are using運用 them
the same相同 way that we do.
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使用方式和我們沒什麼不同。
02:38
They're texting發短信 their friends朋友,
they're looking up directions方向,
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他們傳訊給朋友、查地圖、
02:41
they're browsing瀏覽 the Internet互聯網
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瀏覽網頁,
02:42
and they're even making製造
financial金融 transactions交易.
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甚至用手機進行交易。
02:45
Over time, this data數據 is getting得到
captured捕獲 on our phones手機,
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這些資料會不斷地
被擷取、紀錄下來,
02:48
and it provides提供 a really rich豐富 picture圖片
of a person's人的 life.
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並活靈活現地描繪出
一個人生活的樣貌。
02:53
Our customers顧客 give us access訪問 to this data數據
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客戶授權我們取用這些資料,
02:55
and we capture捕獲 it
through通過 our mobile移動 application應用.
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讓我們用手機程式記錄下來。
02:58
It helps幫助 us understand理解
the creditworthiness信用
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它幫助我們瞭解一個人的信譽。
03:01
of people like JenipherJenipher,
a small-business小本生意 owner所有者 in Nairobi內羅畢, Kenya肯尼亞.
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例如:珍妮佛──
一位在肯亞奈洛比的小企業主。
03:06
JenipherJenipher is 65 years年份 old, and for decades幾十年
has been running賽跑 a food餐飲 stall攤子
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珍妮佛 65 歲,幾十年來
都經營著一家食物攤,
03:11
in the central中央 business商業 district.
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就位於中心商業區。
03:13
She has three sons兒子 who she put
through通過 vocational專業 school學校,
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她有三個讀了職校的兒子,
03:17
and she's also the leader領導
of her local本地 chama查馬,
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她同時也領導著當地的
03:19
or savings group.
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地區性儲蓄團體。
03:21
Jenipher'sJenipher的 food餐飲 stall攤子 does well.
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珍妮佛的食物攤經營得不錯。
03:23
She makes品牌 just enough足夠 every一切 day
to cover her expenses花費.
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她每天的收入恰好能應付支出。
03:27
But she's not financially經濟 secure安全.
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但她經濟上並不安全。
03:29
Any emergency could force her into debt債務.
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突發事件可能把她打入負債。
03:32
And she has no discretionary income收入
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而她沒有多餘的收入,
03:34
to improve提高 her family's家庭的 way of living活的,
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來改善家裡的生活、
03:37
for emergencies緊急情況,
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應付突發狀況,
03:38
or for investing投資
into growing生長 her business商業.
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或是投資、擴展自己的事業。
03:42
If JenipherJenipher wants credit信用,
her options選項 are limited有限.
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若珍妮佛想要積分,她沒什麼選擇。
03:45
She could get a microloan小額貸款,
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她可以申請小額貸款,
03:47
but she'd have to form形成 a group
that could help vouch擔保 for her credibility可信性.
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但她必須先找一群人
來做她的保證人。
03:51
And even then, the loan貸款 sizes大小
would be way too small
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即便成功,貸款金額還是太低,
03:53
to really have an impact碰撞 on her business商業,
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無法對事業有實質上的幫助──
03:56
averaging平均 around 150 dollars美元.
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放款金額平均 150 美金。
03:59
Loan貸款 sharks鯊魚 are always an option選項,
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地下錢莊當然是個選擇,
04:02
but with interest利益 rates利率
that are well above以上 300 percent百分,
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但遠超過 300% 的利率,
04:06
they're financially經濟 risky有風險.
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風險實在太高了。
04:08
And because JenipherJenipher doesn't have
collateral抵押 or a credit信用 history歷史,
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且因為珍妮佛沒有
抵押品或信用記錄,
04:12
she can't walk步行 into a bank銀行
and ask for a business商業 loan貸款.
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她無法向銀行申請企業貸款。
04:16
But one day,
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但某天,
04:17
Jenipher'sJenipher的 son兒子 convinced相信 her
to download下載 our application應用
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珍妮佛的兒子說服她
下載了我們的應用程式
04:21
and apply應用 for a loan貸款.
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並申請貸款。
04:23
JenipherJenipher answered回答 a few少數
questions問題 on her phone電話
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珍妮佛在手機上回答了幾個問題,
04:25
and she gave us access訪問 to a few少數
key data數據 points on her device設備.
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然後授權我們取用
一些手機上的關鍵資料。
04:30
And here's這裡的 what we saw.
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這是我們看到的。
04:32
So, bad news新聞 first.
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先說壞消息。
04:34
JenipherJenipher had a low savings balance平衡
and no previous以前 loan貸款 history歷史.
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珍妮佛存款偏低,
沒有過往的借貸紀錄。
04:40
These are factors因素
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這些因素
04:41
that would have thrown拋出 up
a red flag to a traditional傳統 bank銀行.
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在傳統銀行就很不樂觀。
04:44
But there were other points
in her history歷史 that showed顯示 us
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但她紀錄中的其他部分,
04:47
a much richer更豐富 picture圖片 of her potential潛在.
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顯現出了她的潛力。
04:51
So for one,
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首先,
04:52
we saw that she made製作 regular定期
phone電話 calls電話 to her family家庭 in Uganda烏干達.
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她很有規律地打電話
給在烏干達的家人。
04:57
Well, it turns out that the data數據 shows節目
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而統計資料顯示,
05:00
a four percent百分 increase增加 in repayment還款
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還款機率將有 4% 的提升──
05:02
among其中 people who consistently始終如一
communicate通信 with a few少數 close contacts往來.
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如果這個人跟親近的人
有持續性的聯絡。
05:08
We could also see
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我們還發現,
05:09
that though雖然 she traveled旅行
around a lot throughout始終 the day,
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儘管她整天會在各處奔走,
05:12
she actually其實 had pretty漂亮
regular定期 travel旅行 patterns模式,
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她的行動模式其實蠻固定的,
05:15
and she was either at home
or at her food餐飲 stall攤子.
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不是在家就是在她的攤位。
05:19
And the data數據 shows節目
a six percent百分 increase增加 in repayment還款
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資料顯示,
還款機率將有 6% 的提升──
05:23
among其中 customers顧客 who are consistent一貫
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如果這個人
05:25
with where they spend most of their time.
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把大部分時間花在固定地方。
05:29
We could also see
that she communicated傳達 a lot
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我們也能看到她的互動很多,
05:31
with many許多 different不同 people
throughout始終 the day
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在生活中和不同的人接觸,
05:34
and that she had a strong強大 support支持 network網絡.
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擁有強健的社群支持。
05:37
Our data數據 shows節目
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資料顯示,
05:38
that people who communicate通信
with more than 58 different不同 contacts往來
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和超過 58 人有互動的人,
05:43
tend趨向 to be more likely容易
to be good borrowers借款人.
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較有可能是好的借款人。
05:46
In Jenipher'sJenipher的 case案件,
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珍妮佛的案例中,
05:47
she communicated傳達
with 89 different不同 individuals個人,
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她和 89 人有過互動,
05:51
which哪一個 showed顯示 a nine percent百分
increase增加 in her repayment還款.
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還款機率因此有 9% 的提升。
05:55
These are just some of the thousands數千
of different不同 data數據 points
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這只是資料滄海中之一粟。
05:59
that we look at to understand理解
a person's人的 creditworthiness信用.
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我們用大量的資料
深入瞭解一個人的信譽。
06:03
And after analyzing分析 all
of these different不同 data數據 points,
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分析完所有的資料後,
06:06
we took the first risk風險
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我們跨出冒險的第一步,
06:08
and gave JenipherJenipher a loan貸款.
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給了珍妮佛一筆貸款。
06:11
This is data數據 that would not
be found發現 on a paper trail落後
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這樣的資訊無法在書面上,
06:14
or in any formal正式 financial金融 record記錄.
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或是金融紀錄裡面找到。
06:17
But it proves證明 trust相信.
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但它構築出信任。
06:20
By looking beyond income收入,
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將目光放遠不侷限於收入,
06:22
we can see that people in emerging新興 markets市場
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我們看見新興市場中的人們,
06:24
that may可能 seem似乎 risky有風險
and unpredictable不可預料的 on the surface表面
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他們表面上看起來
放款風險高、難以預測,
06:28
are actually其實 willing願意 and have
the capacity容量 to repay償還.
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但事實上具有還款意願及能力。
06:33
Our credit信用 scores分數 have helped幫助 us deliver交付
over 200,000 loans貸款 in Kenya肯尼亞
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我們的信用積分,已幫我們
在肯亞釋放出 200,000 份貸款──
06:38
in just the past過去 year.
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僅僅在去年。
06:40
And our repayment還款 rates利率
are above以上 90 percent百分 --
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我們的還款率超過了 90%──
06:43
which哪一個, by the way, is in line
with traditional傳統 bank銀行 repayment還款 rates利率.
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和傳統銀行的還款率並駕齊驅。
06:49
With something as simple簡單
as a credit信用 score得分了,
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信用積分看似微不足道,
06:52
we're giving people the power功率
to build建立 their own擁有 futures期貨.
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卻賦予人們建構自己未來的力量。
06:56
Our customers顧客 have used
their loans貸款 for family家庭 expenses花費,
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我們的客戶把這些貸款
拿來支付家庭開銷、
06:59
emergencies緊急情況, travel旅行
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突發狀況、旅遊,
07:01
and for investing投資 back
into growing生長 their businesses企業.
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以及投資發展他們的事業。
07:05
They're now building建造 better
economies經濟 and communities社區
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他們正打造更好的經濟及社區,
07:09
where more people can succeed成功.
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讓更多的人能夠成功。
07:12
Over the past過去 two years年份
of using運用 our product產品,
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採用我們產品的過去兩年,
07:15
JenipherJenipher has increased增加
her savings by 60 percent百分.
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珍妮佛的存款增加了 60%。
07:19
She's also started開始
two additional額外 food餐飲 stalls攤位
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她還開了另外兩個食物攤,
07:22
and is now making製造 plans計劃
for her own擁有 restaurant餐廳.
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並打算開自己的餐廳。
07:25
She's applying應用 for a small-business小本生意 loan貸款
from a commercial廣告 bank銀行,
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她正向商業銀行申請小型企業貸款,
07:28
because she now has the credit信用 history歷史
to prove證明 she deserves值得 it.
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因為如今她已經有
信用記錄證明她具備資格。
07:34
I saw JenipherJenipher in Nairobi內羅畢 just last week,
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上週我在奈洛比見到了珍妮佛,
07:36
and she told me how excited興奮
she was to get started開始.
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她向我表達她當初的興奮之情。
07:40
She said,
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她說:
07:42
"Only my son兒子 believed相信 I could do this.
I didn't think this was for me."
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「只有我兒子相信我能做到。
我不敢相信這一切屬於我。」
07:48
She's lived生活 her whole整個 life
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她活著的大半生,
07:50
believing相信 that there was a part部分
of the world世界 that was closed關閉 off to her.
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都認為某部分的世界並不屬於她。
07:55
Our job工作 now is to open打開
the world世界 to JenipherJenipher
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我們的使命便是向珍妮佛,
07:59
and the billions數十億 like her
that deserve值得 to be trusted信任.
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還有許許多多值得相信的人,
敞開世界的大門。
08:04
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:05
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Kuan-Yi Li
Reviewed by SF Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shivani Siroya - Mobile finance entrepreneur
Shivani Siroya created a tool that allows anyone with a cell phone to build a financial track record.

Why you should listen

Shivani Siroya is the CEO & Founder of Tala, a company that facilitates financial access to small businesses owners around the world by providing mobile financial tracking tools and direct flexible financing in order to help these businesses and their communities lift themselves out of poverty. She was selected as a TED Fellow in 2013.

Siroya has a wide array of professional experiences in global health, micro-finance and investment banking. Prior to Tala, she worked health costing at UNFPA and Mergers & Acquisitions at Health Net and Citigroup.

Siroya is a 2011 Echoing Green Fellow and 2011Unreasonable Institute Fellow. She is also a blogger for the Huffington Post and has written on Microfinance 2.0 as well as small business growth in the U.S. She is also on the board of ReWork and Young Women Social Entrepreneurs.

Siroya holds a M.P.H in Health Economics and International Policy from Columbia University and a B.A. in International Relations from Wesleyan University.

More profile about the speaker
Shivani Siroya | Speaker | TED.com

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