TEDSummit
Rebecca MacKinnon: We can fight terror without sacrificing our rights
麗貝卡·麥金農: 我們不必犧牲我們的權利去對抗恐怖主義
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Readability: 5.5
1,142,385 views
我們能夠在不損害民主的前提下對抗恐怖主義嗎？互聯網自由活動家麗貝卡·麥金農認為假如我們對互聯網和出版業實施審查的話，我們將會輸掉這場對抗極端主義和煽動行為的戰爭。在這個批判性的演講中，她提倡加強高強度數據加密技術，並呼籲政府更好地保護，而不是壓制，對抗著極端主義的記者們和積極份子們。
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activist
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
There's a big question
at the center of life
at the center of life
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有一個很嚴峻的問題
存在於生活的中心
存在於生活的中心
00:15
in our democracies today:
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我們今天的民主當中：
00:16
How do we fight terror
without destroying democracies,
without destroying democracies,
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我們如何打擊恐怖主義，
在不破壞民主、
在不破壞民主、
00:20
without trampling human rights?
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不踐踏人權的情況下？
00:23
I've spent much of my career
working with journalists,
working with journalists,
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我工作的大部分時間是
與一些記者們，
與一些記者們，
00:28
with bloggers,
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博客作者們，
00:29
with activists,
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積極份子們，
00:30
with human rights researchers
all around the world,
all around the world,
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還有來自世界各地的
人權研究者們一起共事，
人權研究者們一起共事，
00:33
and I've come to the conclusion
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我也由此得出一個結論
00:35
that if our democratic societies
do not double down
do not double down
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就是如果我們的
民主社會不加倍地
民主社會不加倍地
00:40
on protecting and defending human rights,
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保護和捍衛人權，
00:43
freedom of the press
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新聞自由
00:44
and a free and open internet,
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還有自由和開放的互聯網，
00:47
radical extremist ideologies
are much more likely to persist.
are much more likely to persist.
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極端激進的意識形態
很有可能會一直存留著。
很有可能會一直存留著。
00:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
00:57
OK, all done. Thank you very much.
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好了，我說完了。感謝妳們。
00:58
No, just joking.
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不，只是玩笑。
00:59
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:01
I actually want to drill down
on this a little bit.
on this a little bit.
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我其實想要再
深入探討一下這個話題。
深入探討一下這個話題。
01:04
So, one of the countries that has been
on the frontlines of this issue
on the frontlines of this issue
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有一個國家一直位於
這個話題的前線
這個話題的前線
01:10
is Tunisia,
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突尼斯，
01:12
which was the only country
to come out of the Arab Spring
to come out of the Arab Spring
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唯一一個走出
阿拉伯之春的國家
阿拉伯之春的國家
01:15
with a successful democratic revolution.
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通過一場成功的民主革命。
01:18
Five years later,
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五年後，
01:20
they're struggling
with serious terror attacks
with serious terror attacks
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他們卻掙扎於
嚴重的恐怖襲擊
嚴重的恐怖襲擊
01:23
and rampant ISIS recruitment.
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還有猖獗的ISIS徵募中。
01:25
And many Tunisians
are calling on their government
are calling on their government
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很多突尼斯民眾
在呼籲他們的政府
在呼籲他們的政府
01:28
to do whatever it takes to keep them safe.
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去採取一切手段
來保護他們的人身安全。
來保護他們的人身安全。
01:32
Tunisian cartoonist Nadia Khiari
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突尼斯漫畫家
Nadia Khiari
Nadia Khiari
01:35
has summed up the situation
with this character who says,
with this character who says,
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通過一個漫畫角色
概括了國內的情形
概括了國內的情形
01:40
"I don't give a damn about human rights.
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"我一點都不在乎人權。“
01:42
I don't give a damn about the revolution.
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“我一點都不在乎革命。“
01:45
I don't give a damn
about democracy and liberty.
about democracy and liberty.
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“我一點都不在乎民主和自由。”
01:49
I just want to be safe."
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“我只想要安全。”
01:53
"Satisfied?" asked his jailer.
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“滿意了嗎？” 獄卒問他，
01:56
"You're safe now."
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“妳現在安全了。”
01:58
If the Tunisian people can figure out
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假如突尼斯人民
能夠想到
能夠想到
02:01
how to deal with their terrorism problem
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怎麼去處理
恐怖主義問題
恐怖主義問題
02:03
without ending up in this place,
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而又不必終其一生
在監獄中度過，
在監獄中度過，
02:06
they will be a model
not only for their region,
not only for their region,
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他們將不僅僅成為
他們當地的榜樣，
他們當地的榜樣，
02:09
but for all of us.
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更將成為我們
所有人的榜樣。
所有人的榜樣。
02:12
The reality is that civil society,
journalists and activists
journalists and activists
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事實是公民社會，
記者和積極份子們
記者和積極份子們
02:16
are coming under attack
from extremist groups on the one hand,
from extremist groups on the one hand,
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在一方面正經受著
來自極端團體的攻擊，
來自極端團體的攻擊，
02:21
and, in many countries,
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並且，在很多國家，
02:23
also from their own governments.
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還經受著來自他們
自己政府的攻擊。
自己政府的攻擊。
02:25
We're seeing bloggers
and journalists being jailed,
and journalists being jailed,
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我們看到很多博客作者
和記者被關押、
和記者被關押、
02:28
charged and intimidated
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控告和威脅著
02:30
by their own governments,
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被他們自己的政府。
02:31
many of which are allies
with the West in the war on terror.
with the West in the war on terror.
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當中的許多國家是西方國家
在反恐戰爭中的盟友。
在反恐戰爭中的盟友。
02:35
Just three examples.
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就舉三個例子。
02:37
A friend and former colleague of mine,
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我的一位朋友兼前同事，
02:39
Hisham Almiraat,
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Hisham Almiraat,
02:40
has been charged
with threatening state security,
with threatening state security,
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他被控告
威脅國家安全，
威脅國家安全，
02:43
along with six other activists in Morocco.
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與其他六位在摩洛哥
的積極份子們一道。
的積極份子們一道。
02:47
The Saudi blogger Raif Badawi
has been jailed and flogged
has been jailed and flogged
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沙特博客作者Raif Badawi
被關押和鞭打
被關押和鞭打
02:51
for insulting Islam and criticizing
the Saudi regime on his blog.
the Saudi regime on his blog.
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因他在博客裡
侮辱伊斯蘭和批判沙特政權。
侮辱伊斯蘭和批判沙特政權。
02:57
More recently, the Turkish representative
for Reporters Without Borders,
for Reporters Without Borders,
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最近的是，無國界記者
的土耳其代表，
的土耳其代表，
03:02
Erol Önderoglu,
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Erol Önderoglu,
03:04
has been detained and charged
with spreading terrorist propaganda,
with spreading terrorist propaganda,
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被拘留和控告
宣揚恐怖主義
宣揚恐怖主義
03:09
because he and some other activists
have been supporting Kurdish media.
have been supporting Kurdish media.
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因為他和一些其他的積極份子們
一直是庫爾德媒體的支持者。
一直是庫爾德媒體的支持者。
03:15
Anti-terror measures
quickly turn into state repression
quickly turn into state repression
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反恐措施很快轉變
成為了國家的一種鎮壓
成為了國家的一種鎮壓
03:18
without strong protection
for minority communities
for minority communities
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沒有對少數群體
提供有力的保護
提供有力的保護
03:22
and for peaceful debate;
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也沒有和平的辯論；
03:24
this needs to be supported
by a robust, independent local media.
by a robust, independent local media.
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這需要由一個強大的
獨立的當地媒體來支撐。
獨立的當地媒體來支撐。
03:29
But while that's not really happening,
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然而實際上
卻恰好相反，
卻恰好相反，
03:32
Washington is teaming up
with Silicon Valley and with Hollywood
with Silicon Valley and with Hollywood
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華盛頓正與硅谷
還有好萊塢合作
還有好萊塢合作
03:36
to pour millions -- hundreds
of millions of dollars --
of millions of dollars --
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投入數百萬的—
數億的美元—
數億的美元—
03:41
into what's called "counter-messaging,"
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到所謂的“反信息活動”中，
03:43
a fancy word for propaganda.
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其實就是宣傳的
一種花俏的說法。
一種花俏的說法。
03:46
To counter the terrorist propaganda
spreading all over the internet,
spreading all over the internet,
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為了對抗在互聯網上
廣泛傳播的恐怖主義宣傳，
廣泛傳播的恐怖主義宣傳，
03:52
in Europe, Internet Referral
Units are being set up,
Units are being set up,
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歐洲設置了
互聯網轉介單位，
互聯網轉介單位，
03:56
so that people can report
on extremist content that they find
on extremist content that they find
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人們可以通過它們
告發他們所看到的極端內容
告發他們所看到的極端內容
04:00
and get it censored.
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使這些內容
得以審查。
得以審查。
04:02
The problem is,
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問題是，
04:03
that all of this propaganda,
monitoring and censorship
monitoring and censorship
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所有的這些宣傳、
監控和審查
監控和審查
04:08
completely fails to make up for the fact
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完全無法彌補一個事實
04:13
that the people who are
the most credible voices,
the most credible voices,
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就是有那麼一群人
他們擁有最具公信力的聲音，
他們擁有最具公信力的聲音，
04:18
who can present credible ideas
and alternative solutions
and alternative solutions
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他們能呈現可靠的想法和
可替代的解決方案
可替代的解決方案
04:22
to real economic, social and political
problems in their community
problems in their community
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去解決他們所在地方的
真實的經濟、社會和政治問題
真實的經濟、社會和政治問題
04:26
that are causing people to turn
to extremism in the first place,
to extremism in the first place,
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這些問題促使人們投身於極端主義，
04:30
are being silenced
by their own governments.
by their own governments.
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然而這群人卻被他們的政府所禁言。
04:34
This is all adding up to a decrease
in freedom across the world.
in freedom across the world.
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這在全世界範圍內
進一步削減了人們的自由。
進一步削減了人們的自由。
04:39
Freedom House,
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自由之家，
04:41
the human rights organization,
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一個人權組織，
04:43
reports that 2015 marks
the 10th straight year in a row
the 10th straight year in a row
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在報告中稱道，2015年
標誌著第10個年頭
標誌著第10個年頭
04:47
of decline in freedom worldwide.
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世界範圍內自由的持續減少。
04:50
And this is not just
because of the actions
because of the actions
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造成這結果的不僅僅是
04:52
of authoritarian governments.
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獨裁政府的所作所為。
04:54
It's also because democratic governments
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還因為民主政府們
04:57
are increasingly cracking
down on dissenters,
down on dissenters,
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在越來越多地
鎮壓異見者、
鎮壓異見者、
05:01
whistle-blowers
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揭發者、
05:03
and investigative journalists.
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和調查記者。
05:04
UN Secretary General
Ban Ki-Moon has warned
Ban Ki-Moon has warned
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聯合國秘書長
潘基文曾警告道
潘基文曾警告道
05:07
that "preventing extremism and promoting
human rights go hand-in-hand."
human rights go hand-in-hand."
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“防止極端主義和
促進人權是息息相關的。”
促進人權是息息相關的。”
05:11
It's not to say that governments
shouldn't keep us safe --
shouldn't keep us safe --
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這並不是說政府
不應該保護我們的安全—
不應該保護我們的安全—
05:14
of course they should --
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它們當然應該這麼做—
05:15
but we need public oversight, transparency
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但是我需要公眾監督，透明度
05:18
and accountability to the rule of law.
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和問責制來實行法治。
05:20
Meanwhile,
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同時，
05:21
extremists are literally killing off
civil society in some countries.
civil society in some countries.
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極端主義者們在某些
國家正在逐漸消滅著公民社會。
國家正在逐漸消滅著公民社會。
05:26
Since 2013 in Bangladesh,
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自2013年，在孟加拉國
05:28
over a dozen secular bloggers
and community activists
and community activists
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已經有超過十二位
世俗博客作者和社會活動家
世俗博客作者和社會活動家
05:33
have been literally
slaughtered by extremists
slaughtered by extremists
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被極端主義者們所屠殺
05:36
while the government has done very little.
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然而政府卻對此
無甚作為。
無甚作為。
05:39
From the city of Raqqa in Syria,
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在敘利亞的拉卡市，
05:41
people like Ruqia Hassan and Naji Jerf
have been assassinated
have been assassinated
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像Rudi Hassan和Naji Jerf
這樣的人們被刺殺了
這樣的人們被刺殺了
05:46
for their reporting
out of ISIS-controlled territory.
out of ISIS-controlled territory.
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理由是他們在ISIS掌控的
領域範圍外進行報導。
領域範圍外進行報導。
05:50
The citizen media group called
Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently
Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently
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公民媒體團體
“拉卡正遭無聲屠殺”
“拉卡正遭無聲屠殺”
05:55
relies on strong encryption
to send out their reports
to send out their reports
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依靠著高強度的數據加密
來把他們的報導發送出去
來把他們的報導發送出去
06:00
and shield themselves
from interception and surveillance.
from interception and surveillance.
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並使他們自己免遭
攔截和監視。
攔截和監視。
06:04
Yet authorities in countries
like the United States,
like the United States,
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然而一些官方機構們
來自美國、
來自美國、
06:06
the United Kingdom
and many other democracies
and many other democracies
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英國和很多其他的民主國家，
06:09
are seeking to use the law
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他們正尋求著運用法律
06:11
to either weaken or outright ban
strong encryption,
strong encryption,
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去削弱或者完全禁止
高強度加密技術，
高強度加密技術，
06:15
because the bad guys are using it, too.
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原因是壞傢伙們也在利用著它。
06:18
We have got to fight for the right
of citizens to use strong encryption.
of citizens to use strong encryption.
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我們需要去爭取公民使用
數據加密技術的權利。
數據加密技術的權利。
06:22
Otherwise, dissent
and investigative journalism
and investigative journalism
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否則，異見和調查報導
06:26
are going to become even more difficult
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將會變得更為困難
06:28
in even more places.
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在更多的地方。
06:30
And the bad guys -- the criminals
and terrorists --
and terrorists --
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而壞傢伙們—
罪犯和恐怖主義者—
罪犯和恐怖主義者—
06:33
are still going to find
ways to communicate.
ways to communicate.
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仍然會尋找其它傳播方式。
06:35
Kudos to the companies
that are standing up
that are standing up
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致敬那些站起來維護
06:38
for their users' right to use encryption.
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用戶使用加密技術權利的公司。
06:41
But when it comes to censorship,
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然而提到審查的話，
06:43
the picture is much more troubling.
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它的情況更加的令人擔憂。
06:46
Yes, there's a real problem
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是的，
現在有一個真實的問題
現在有一個真實的問題
06:48
of extremist content
spreading all over the internet.
spreading all over the internet.
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就是極端主義內容
正在互聯網當中廣泛傳播著。
正在互聯網當中廣泛傳播著。
06:51
And Facebook, YouTube and Twitter
are among the many companies
are among the many companies
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而Facebook、 Youtube、Twitter
還有眾多的公司
還有眾多的公司
06:55
who report having taken down hundreds
of thousands of pieces of content
of thousands of pieces of content
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聲稱他們已清除了
無數內容片段
無數內容片段
06:59
and deactivating accounts
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並註銷了
07:01
that are connected
to the extremist's speech.
to the extremist's speech.
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與極端主義演說相關的用戶帳號。
07:03
The problem is their enforcement
mechanisms are a complete black box,
mechanisms are a complete black box,
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問題是這些公司的執行機制
是一個複雜的黑匣子，
是一個複雜的黑匣子，
07:08
and there is collateral damage.
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並且會引起“附帶損害”。
07:10
Take, for example, Iyad el-Baghdadi,
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把Iyad el-Baghdadi作為一個例子，
07:13
an activist who makes fun
of ISIS on Twitter.
of ISIS on Twitter.
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他是一位經常在Twitter上
開ISIS玩笑的積極份子。
開ISIS玩笑的積極份子。
07:16
He had his account deactivated,
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他的帳號被註銷了，
07:18
because he shares a surname
with a prominent ISIS leader.
with a prominent ISIS leader.
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因為他和一位著名的
ISIS領導者擁有一樣的姓氏。
ISIS領導者擁有一樣的姓氏。
07:22
Last December,
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去年十二月，
07:23
a number of women named Isis,
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有許多名字叫”Isis“的女生，
07:25
which also happens to be
the name of an Egyptian goddess,
the name of an Egyptian goddess,
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她們的名字恰好來源自
一位埃及女神的名字，
一位埃及女神的名字，
07:28
had their accounts deactivated.
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這些女生的帳號卻被註銷了。
07:30
And this woman,
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而當中有一位女生，
07:32
who lives in the United States
and is a computer programmer,
and is a computer programmer,
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一位住在美國的計算機程序員，
07:35
reported on Twitter
about her deactivation on Facebook,
about her deactivation on Facebook,
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在Twitter上敘述了她
Facebook帳號被註銷的事情，
Facebook帳號被註銷的事情，
07:39
managed to get enough media attention
to have her account reinstated.
to have her account reinstated.
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設法通過獲得媒體的
注意力來恢復她的帳號。
注意力來恢復她的帳號。
07:42
But that's the thing --
she had to get media attention.
she had to get media attention.
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然而這就是問題的所在之處—
她需要獲得媒體的注意力
她需要獲得媒體的注意力
07:46
And journalists aren't immune.
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但是記者們並不是免疫的。
07:47
David Thomson,
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大衛 湯姆森，
07:48
an expert on terrorism and reporter
for Radio France International,
for Radio France International,
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一位恐怖主義方面的專家
兼法國國際廣播電台記者，
兼法國國際廣播電台記者，
07:52
had reports deleted
from his Facebook account
from his Facebook account
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他在Facebook帳號
上的報道被刪除了
上的報道被刪除了
07:55
and had his account
deactivated for several days,
deactivated for several days,
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他的帳號也被註銷了幾天，
07:58
because they contained
pictures of ISIS flags,
pictures of ISIS flags,
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原因是報道中
包含了ISIS旗幟，
包含了ISIS旗幟，
08:02
even though he was just reporting on ISIS,
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儘管他僅僅在作
ISIS相關的報道，
ISIS相關的報道，
08:04
not promoting it.
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而不是在推廣它。
08:06
And then we have stories from people
like this Egyptian man,
like this Egyptian man,
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接下來我們有來自類似於這位
埃及男人的人們的故事，
埃及男人的人們的故事，
08:09
Ahmed Abdellahy,
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Ahmed Abdellahy,
08:10
who reported recently in an event
in Washington DC
in Washington DC
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他最近在華盛頓的一個
活動中報告道
活動中報告道
08:16
that some of his arguments
with extremists --
with extremists --
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他與極端主義者的一些爭論—
08:18
he now spends his time on social media
arguing with ISIS followers,
arguing with ISIS followers,
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他現在花費他的時間在社交媒體
上與ISIS追隨者們爭論，
上與ISIS追隨者們爭論，
08:24
trying to get them to turn away --
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嘗試去讓他們遠離（ISIS）—
08:27
some of his arguments
with these extremists get deleted,
with these extremists get deleted,
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他和這些極端主義者們的
一些爭論內容被刪除了，
一些爭論內容被刪除了，
08:32
which he believes has the effect
of shielding them
of shielding them
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然而他相信這些爭論內容
能夠有效地庇護他們
能夠有效地庇護他們
08:35
from alternative points of view.
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使他們免遭其它觀點影響。
08:38
It's unclear whether Facebook
even knows the extent
even knows the extent
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我們不知道Facebook
是否了解到
是否了解到
08:42
of the collateral damage,
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附帶損害的程度，
08:44
or the other companies as well.
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我們也不知道
其它公司是否有所了解。
其它公司是否有所了解。
08:46
But we do know that journalism,
activism and public debate
activism and public debate
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然而我們知道的是
新聞、行動主義還有公開辯論
新聞、行動主義還有公開辯論
08:50
are being silenced in the effort
to stamp out extremist speech.
to stamp out extremist speech.
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它們在這些公司致力於
撲滅極端言論的過程中被壓制了。
撲滅極端言論的過程中被壓制了。
08:55
So with these companies having so much
power over the public discourse,
power over the public discourse,
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對於那些能夠
控制公共話語的企業們，
控制公共話語的企業們，
08:59
they need to be held accountable.
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它們需要負起相對的責任。
09:01
They need to carry out impact assessment
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他們需要實行影響評估
09:04
to identify and fix the problems
that we're clearly seeing.
that we're clearly seeing.
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從而去辨認和解決
我們能夠清楚看到的問題。
我們能夠清楚看到的問題。
09:08
They need to be more transparent
about their enforcement mechanisms,
about their enforcement mechanisms,
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它們需要使它們的
執行機制更加透明化，
執行機制更加透明化，
09:12
and they need to have clear
appeal and grievance mechanisms,
appeal and grievance mechanisms,
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它們還需要具備明確的
上訴和申訴機制，
上訴和申訴機制，
09:15
so people can get
their content reinstated.
their content reinstated.
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讓人們能夠使
他們的內容得到恢復。
他們的內容得到恢復。
09:18
Now, I've been talking
for the last 10 minutes
for the last 10 minutes
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至此，我已花了10分鐘
09:21
about how governments and companies
are making it more difficult
are making it more difficult
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講述了政府和企業們是如何
帶來更多的困難
帶來更多的困難
09:25
for people like these.
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給這些人們。
09:27
This is a picture of members
of the citizen media network,
of the citizen media network,
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這就是公民媒體網絡
的成員們的處境，
的成員們的處境，
09:30
Global Voices,
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全球之聲，
09:32
that I helped to cofound over 10 years ago
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我在10多年前曾幫忙共同創立的
09:34
with my friend, Ethan Zuckerman.
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與我的朋友Ethan Zuckerman一起。
09:36
Interestingly, about 5 years ago,
right after the Arab Spring,
right after the Arab Spring,
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有趣的是，大約5年前，
就在阿拉伯之春發生之後，
就在阿拉伯之春發生之後，
09:40
the data scientist Gilad Lotan
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數據科學家Gilad Lotan
09:43
created a network map
of the people in Global Voices
of the people in Global Voices
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製作了一個關於全球之聲
當中一些成員的網絡地圖
當中一些成員的網絡地圖
09:48
who were heavy users of Twitter
during the Arab Spring.
during the Arab Spring.
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這些成員是阿拉伯之春期間
Twitter的高度使用者。
Twitter的高度使用者。
09:51
And he found that many of these people
served as key information nodes
served as key information nodes
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他發現這些人們
充當了關鍵信息節點這個角色
充當了關鍵信息節點這個角色
09:56
between activists and journalists
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在積極份子們和記者們之間
09:58
throughout the Tunisian
and Egyptian revolution.
and Egyptian revolution.
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在突尼斯革命和埃及革命
的整個過程中。
的整個過程中。
10:01
We've got to make sure
that these people not only survive,
that these people not only survive,
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我們必須確保
這些人不僅僅能夠活著，
這些人不僅僅能夠活著，
10:06
but are able to continue to thrive.
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還要確保他們
能夠茁壯成長起來。
能夠茁壯成長起來。
10:09
Many of them are still active,
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他們當中有
很多人仍然活躍著，
很多人仍然活躍著，
10:10
other than the ones who have gone to jail
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除了那些已經入獄的
10:12
or have been driven into hiding or exile.
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或者那些被迫躲藏或流放的。
10:16
All around the world,
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在世界各地，
10:18
people who are sick and tired
of fear and oppression
of fear and oppression
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那些對恐懼和壓抑
感到厭惡和厭倦的人們
感到厭惡和厭倦的人們
10:21
are linking up in their communities
and across borders.
and across borders.
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正在他們的社區裡面、
在跨境地聯合起來。
在跨境地聯合起來。
10:25
We've got to do everything we can
to push our governments and companies
to push our governments and companies
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我們必須盡我們所能
去促使我們的政府和企業們
去促使我們的政府和企業們
10:29
to do a better job
of protecting their rights.
of protecting their rights.
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去更好地維護這些人的權利。
10:32
We've also got to be more mindful
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我們還必須更多地留意
10:34
about how our own personal, political,
consumer and business choices
consumer and business choices
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我們所作的個人的、政治的、
消費者和企業的選擇是如何
消費者和企業的選擇是如何
10:39
affect people like these around the world.
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影響著世界上的這些人。
10:43
Also, if you follow the news,
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還有，如果妳們關注新聞，
10:45
it's pretty clear that that alone
isn't going to be enough.
isn't going to be enough.
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妳們會清楚知道
單單如此是並不足夠的。
單單如此是並不足夠的。
10:49
We've got to take personal
responsibility by joining --
responsibility by joining --
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我們還必須承擔起
我們的責任去參與—
我們的責任去參與—
10:53
or at very least, actively supporting --
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或者至少，踴躍支持—
10:56
the growing ecosystem
of individuals and groups
of individuals and groups
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這個持續增長的生態系統
由個體和群體所組成
由個體和群體所組成
11:00
who are fighting for social justice,
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他們正爭取著社會正義，
11:02
environmental sustainability,
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環境可持續性，
11:04
government accountability,
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政府問責，
11:06
human rights, freedom of the press
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人權，出版自由
11:08
and a free and open internet,
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還有一個自由開放的互聯網，
11:09
all around the world.
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在全世界內。
11:11
I believe that, ultimately,
we can overcome
we can overcome
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我相信，最終，
我們能夠克服
我們能夠克服
11:16
the digitally empowered networks
of extremism, demagoguery and hate.
of extremism, demagoguery and hate.
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那些由極端主義、煽動行為以及
仇恨所組成的數字授權網絡。
仇恨所組成的數字授權網絡。
11:23
But ...
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但是...
11:25
we've got to do this by really
beefing up the global networks
beefing up the global networks
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要想達到這個目標
我們必須增強全球公民的網絡。
我們必須增強全球公民的網絡。
11:31
of citizens around the world,
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11:33
powered by people
who are working hard every day,
who are working hard every day,
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他們每天都在拼搏努力
11:37
and taking personal risk
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冒著個人風險
11:39
for a future world that is more
peaceful, just, open and free.
peaceful, just, open and free.
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為了建造一個更加和平的，
僅僅是開放和自由的未來世界。
僅僅是開放和自由的未來世界。
11:45
Thanks very much for listening.
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非常感謝妳們的聆聽。
11:47
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activistRebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent.
Why you should listen
Rebecca MacKinnon is the director of the Ranking Digital Rights project at New America, which recently released its inaugural Corporate Accountability Index, ranking 16 Internet and telecommunications companies on their commitments, policies and practices affecting users’ freedom of expression and privacy. (An expanded Index will be released in 2017.) She is the author of Consent of the Networked, a book investigating the future of liberty in the Internet age, and has been engaging in the debate about how to fight global terrorism while keeping a free and open Internet. A former head of CNN's Beijing and Tokyo bureaus, MacKinnon is an expert on Chinese Internet censorship and is one of the founders (with Ethan Zuckerman) of the Global Voices Online blog network.
Rebecca MacKinnon | Speaker | TED.com