TED2019
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy: How film transforms the way we see the world
莎明•歐貝－奇諾依: 電影如何改變我們看世界的方式
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電影的力量能夠改變我們怎麼看待自己的文化。紀錄片導演及 TED 學會成員莎明•歐貝－奇諾依用電影來對抗針對女性的暴力，將她的攝影機轉向巴基斯坦的榮譽殺人傳統。在這場激動人心的演說中，她分享如何用移動電影院將她的金獎電影帶上路，造訪巴基斯坦的小鎮及村落，轉變女性、男性，和社會之間的動態，用一場又一場的電影放映促成改變。
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - Filmmaker
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a storyteller,
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我是個說故事的人，
00:14
but I'm also a troublemaker.
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我也是個製造麻煩的人。
00:16
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:17
And I have a habit
of asking difficult questions.
of asking difficult questions.
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我有一個習慣，
就是去問很難回答的問題。
就是去問很難回答的問題。
00:21
It started when I was 10 years old,
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可以追溯到我十歲的時候，
00:23
and my mother, who was raising
six children, had no time for them.
six children, had no time for them.
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我母親要養育六個孩子，
時間完全不夠用。
時間完全不夠用。
00:28
At 14, fed up with my increasingly
annoying questions,
annoying questions,
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我十四歲時有了
越來越多惱人的問題，
越來越多惱人的問題，
00:33
she recommended that I begin writing
for the local English-language newspaper
for the local English-language newspaper
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她建議我開始為巴基斯坦
當地的英文報紙寫文章。
00:38
in Pakistan,
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00:40
to put my questions out
to the entire country, she said.
to the entire country, she said.
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她說，把我的問題登出來給全國看。
00:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:46
At 17, I was an undercover
investigative journalist.
investigative journalist.
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十七歲時，我成了
一名臥底的調查記者。
一名臥底的調查記者。
00:50
I don't even think my editor knew
just how young I was
just how young I was
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我想我的編輯可能
根本不知道我多年輕，
根本不知道我多年輕，
00:54
when I sent in a story
that named and shamed
that named and shamed
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那時我就呈交了一篇故事，
點名揭發了一些非常有權力的人。
00:58
some very powerful people.
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01:02
The men I'd written about
wanted to teach me a lesson.
wanted to teach me a lesson.
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被我點名的人想要給我一點教訓。
01:06
They wanted to shame me and my family.
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他們想要讓我和我的家人蒙羞。
01:11
They spray-painted my name
and my family's name
and my family's name
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他們用非常褻瀆的字眼，
將我的名字及我家人的名字
噴漆在了我們家的前門上，
噴漆在了我們家的前門上，
01:14
with unspeakable profanities
across our front gate
across our front gate
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01:18
and around our neighborhood.
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以及我們的鄰坊。
01:19
And they felt that my father,
who was a strict man of tradition,
who was a strict man of tradition,
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他們認為，我那位傳統又嚴厲的父親
01:24
would stop me.
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會阻止我。
01:26
Instead, my father stood
in front of me and said,
in front of me and said,
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結果卻相反，我父親
站在我前面，說：
站在我前面，說：
01:29
"If you speak the truth,
I will stand with you,
I will stand with you,
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「如果你說的是真相，我會挺你，
01:32
and so will the world."
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全世界都會挺你。」
01:33
And then he got --
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接著，他——
01:34
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:39
And then he got a group of people together
and they whitewashed the walls.
and they whitewashed the walls.
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他招攬了一群人，
一起粉刷那些牆壁。
一起粉刷那些牆壁。
01:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:44
I've always wanted my stories
to jolt people,
to jolt people,
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我一直都希望
我的故事能喚醒人們，
我的故事能喚醒人們，
01:48
to shake them into having
difficult conversations.
difficult conversations.
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促使他們進行對困難議題的談話。
01:52
And I felt that I would be more effective
if I did something visual.
if I did something visual.
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我覺得如果成效要更好，
就得做更看得見的事。
就得做更看得見的事。
01:57
And so at 21, I became
a documentary filmmaker,
a documentary filmmaker,
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所以，二十一歲時，
我成了紀錄片導演，
我成了紀錄片導演，
02:00
turning my camera
onto marginalized communities
onto marginalized communities
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把我的攝影機對準被邊緣化的社區，
02:04
on the front lines in war zones,
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對準戰區前線。
02:06
eventually returning home to Pakistan,
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最終我返回家鄉巴基斯坦，
02:10
where I wanted to document
violence against women.
violence against women.
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在那裡，我想要記錄的是
對女性的暴力。
對女性的暴力。
02:14
Pakistan is home to 200 million people.
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有兩億人住在巴基斯坦。
02:17
And with its low levels of literacy,
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國民的識字率並不高，
02:20
film can change the way
people perceive issues.
people perceive issues.
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因此，電影能夠改變
大家對於議題的感受。
大家對於議題的感受。
02:26
An effective storyteller
speaks to our emotions,
speaks to our emotions,
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說故事很有效果的人，
會說到我們心坎裡，
會說到我們心坎裡，
02:30
elicits empathy and compassion,
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引發我們的同理心和同情心，
02:33
and forces us to look
at things differently.
at things differently.
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迫使我們用不同的方式去看事物。
02:37
In my country, film had the potential
to go beyond cinema.
to go beyond cinema.
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在我國，電影的潛力超出電影院。
02:42
It could change lives.
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它可以改變生活。
02:45
The issues that I've always
wanted to raise --
wanted to raise --
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我一直都想要提起的議題——
02:49
I've always wanted to hold up
a mirror to society --
a mirror to society --
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我一直都想要拿一面鏡子
用它來反映社會——
用它來反映社會——
02:51
they've been driven
by my barometer of anger.
by my barometer of anger.
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它們一直都被我的
憤怒氣壓計給驅使。
憤怒氣壓計給驅使。
02:55
And my barometer of anger
led me, in 2014, to honor killings.
led me, in 2014, to honor killings.
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2014 年，我的憤怒氣壓計
引領我轉向榮譽殺人的行為。
引領我轉向榮譽殺人的行為。
03:01
Honor killings take place
in many parts of the world,
in many parts of the world,
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榮譽殺人的行為發生在
世界上的許多地方，
世界上的許多地方，
03:04
where men punish women
who transgress rules made by them:
who transgress rules made by them:
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男性定下規則並懲罰
違反那些規則的女性：
違反那些規則的女性：
03:09
women who choose
to marry on their own free will;
to marry on their own free will;
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選擇根據自己的意願結婚的女性，
03:12
or women who are looking for a divorce;
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要求離婚的女性，
03:15
or women who are suspected
of having illicit relationships.
of having illicit relationships.
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或者被懷疑有不當關係的女性。
03:20
In the rest of the world, honor killings
would be known as murder.
would be known as murder.
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在世界上的其他地方，
榮譽殺人會被視為是謀殺。
榮譽殺人會被視為是謀殺。
03:27
I always wanted to tell that story
from the perspective of a survivor.
from the perspective of a survivor.
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我一直都想要從
生還者的角度來說故事。
生還者的角度來說故事。
03:33
But women do not live to tell their tale
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但女性卻沒辦法活著
說出她們的故事，
說出她們的故事，
03:37
and instead end up in unmarked graves.
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她們的下場是淪落到
沒有標記的墓地。
沒有標記的墓地。
03:40
So one morning when
I was reading the newspaper,
I was reading the newspaper,
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一天早上，我在看報紙時
讀到一篇報導，
讀到一篇報導，
03:43
and I read that a young woman
had miraculously survived
had miraculously survived
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一名年輕女子奇蹟生還，
03:47
after being shot in the face
by her father and her uncle
by her father and her uncle
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她被父親和叔叔朝臉部開槍，
03:50
because she chose to marry a man
out of her free will,
out of her free will,
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原因是她要嫁給自己選擇的人，
03:54
I knew I had found my storyteller.
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我知道我找到了我要的說故事者。
03:58
Saba was determined to send
her father and her uncle to jail,
her father and her uncle to jail,
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莎巴決心要送
她的父親和叔叔進大牢，
她的父親和叔叔進大牢，
04:02
but in the days after
leaving the hospital,
leaving the hospital,
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但在出院幾日後，
04:05
pressure mounted on her to forgive.
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她受到很大的壓力
要她原諒那些人。
要她原諒那些人。
04:08
You see, there was a loophole in the law
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要知道，法律有個漏洞，
04:10
that allowed for victims
to forgive perpetrators,
to forgive perpetrators,
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法律允許受害者原諒行兇者，
04:14
enabling them to avoid jail time.
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這樣行兇者就不用坐牢。
04:17
And she was told
that she would be ostracized
that she would be ostracized
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她被告知，她會被流放，
04:20
and her family, her in-laws,
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還有她的家人、她的姻親，
04:23
they would all be shunned
from the community,
from the community,
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他們會被社區排擠，
04:25
because many felt that her father
had been well within his right,
had been well within his right,
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因為許多人覺得
她的父親應當有權利
她的父親應當有權利
04:29
given her transgression.
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懲罰她的罪過。
04:32
She fought on --
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她繼續奮鬥——
04:35
for months.
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持續了數個月。
04:36
But on the final day in court,
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但在法庭的最後一天，
04:39
she gave a statement forgiving them.
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她交出了原諒他們的聲明書。
04:44
As filmmakers, we were devastated,
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身為電影製作人，我們很沮喪，
04:46
because this was not the film
that we had set out to make.
that we had set out to make.
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因為這並非我們最初打算拍的片子。
04:50
In hindsight, had she pressed charges,
fought the case and won,
fought the case and won,
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後見之明：如果她有提出控告，
為這個案件奮鬥且贏了，
為這個案件奮鬥且贏了，
她的個案就會是個例外。
04:55
hers would have been an exception.
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04:58
When such a strong woman is silenced,
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當這麼堅強的女子都被迫沉默了，
05:01
what chance did other women have?
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其他女性還有什麼機會？
05:05
And we began to think about using our film
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我們開始思考，用我們的電影
05:07
to change the way people
perceived honor killings,
perceived honor killings,
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來改變大家對於榮譽殺人的感受，
05:12
to impact the loophole in the law.
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去影響法律的漏洞。
05:15
And then our film was nominated
for an Academy Award,
for an Academy Award,
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接著，我們的電影
被提名奧斯卡金項獎，
被提名奧斯卡金項獎，
05:18
and honor killings became headline news,
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榮譽殺人就這麼變成了頭條新聞，
05:22
and the prime minister,
while sending his congratulations,
while sending his congratulations,
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而首相除了表示恭賀之意以外，
05:26
offered to host the first screening
of the film at his office.
of the film at his office.
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也提議要在他的辦公室
主持該電影的首映。
主持該電影的首映。
05:30
Of course, we jumped at the chance,
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當然，我們欣然抓住了這個機會，
05:31
because no prime minister in the history
of the country had ever done so.
of the country had ever done so.
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因為在這個國家的歷史上，
沒有任何首相做過這種事。
沒有任何首相做過這種事。
05:36
And at the screening,
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首映會在全國電視台上直播，
05:37
which was carried live
on national television,
on national television,
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05:40
he said something that reverberated
throughout the country:
throughout the country:
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他在首映會上說的話在全國迴響，
05:44
"There is no honor
in honor killings," he said.
in honor killings," he said.
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他說：「榮譽殺人
一點榮譽也沒有。」
一點榮譽也沒有。」
05:48
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:55
At the Academy Awards in LA,
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在洛杉磯的奧斯卡頒獎典禮上，
05:59
many of the pundits had written us off,
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許多權威人士看不上我們，
06:01
but we felt that in order
for the legislative push to continue,
for the legislative push to continue,
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但我們覺得，如果要持續推動立法，
06:05
we needed that win.
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我們必須要贏。
06:07
And then, my name was announced,
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接著，我的名字被唸出來，
06:10
and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops,
because I didn't expect to be onstage.
because I didn't expect to be onstage.
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我穿著人字拖就跳上了臺階，
因為我沒有預期能夠上台。
因為我沒有預期能夠上台。
06:14
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:16
And I accepted the statue,
telling a billion people watching
telling a billion people watching
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我接下了小金人，
告訴在看轉播的十億觀眾，
告訴在看轉播的十億觀眾，
06:20
that the prime minister of Pakistan
had pledged to change the law,
had pledged to change the law,
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巴基斯坦的首相
已經保證會改變法律，
已經保證會改變法律，
06:24
because, of course, that's one way
of holding the prime minister accountable.
of holding the prime minister accountable.
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當然，當眾說出來是確保
首相不會反悔的方式之一。
首相不會反悔的方式之一。
06:27
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:29
And --
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而且——
06:30
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:35
Back home, the Oscar win
dominated headline news,
dominated headline news,
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在祖國，頭條新聞滿是
贏得奧斯卡的消息，
贏得奧斯卡的消息，
06:40
and more people joined the fray,
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更多人加入了活動，
06:42
asking for the loophole
in the law to be closed.
in the law to be closed.
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要求修補法律的漏洞。
06:46
And then in October 2016,
after months of campaigning,
after months of campaigning,
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接著，在 2016 年 10 月，
活動後的數個月，
活動後的數個月，
06:50
the loophole was indeed closed.
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那個漏洞真的被補好了。
06:53
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:57
And now men who kill women
in the name of honor
in the name of honor
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現在，男性若以
榮譽殺人之名殺害女性，
榮譽殺人之名殺害女性，
07:00
receive life imprisonment.
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會被判終生監禁。
07:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
07:08
Yet, the very next day,
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但，就在隔天，
07:11
a woman was killed in the name of honor,
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就有人以榮譽殺人之名
殺害了一名女子，
殺害了一名女子，
07:13
and then another and another.
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接著，又一個，又一個。
07:17
We had impacted legislation,
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我們影響了立法，
07:20
but that wasn't enough.
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但那並不足夠。
07:22
We needed to take the film
and its message to the heartland,
and its message to the heartland,
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我們需要把這部電影
和它的訊息帶到心臟地區，
和它的訊息帶到心臟地區，
07:27
to small towns and villages
across the country.
across the country.
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帶到全國各地的小鎮和村落。
07:31
You see, for me, cinema can play
a very positive role
a very positive role
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對我來說，電影可以
扮演非常正面的角色，
扮演非常正面的角色，
07:37
in changing and molding society
in a positive direction.
in a positive direction.
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來改變、塑造社會，
朝向正面的方向前進。
朝向正面的方向前進。
07:43
But how would we get to these places?
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但我們要如何觸及那些地方？
07:47
How would we get to
these small towns and villages?
these small towns and villages?
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我們要如何觸及這些小鎮和村落？
07:52
We built a mobile cinema,
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我們打造了一間行動電影院，
07:54
a truck that would roll through
the length and breadth of the country,
the length and breadth of the country,
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它是一台卡車，會在全國走透透，
07:59
that would stop
in small towns and villages.
in small towns and villages.
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並在小鎮和村落停下來。
08:03
We outfitted it with a large screen
that would light up the night sky,
that would light up the night sky,
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我們為它裝設的配備包括
一個大到可以點亮夜空的銀幕，
一個大到可以點亮夜空的銀幕，
08:07
and we called it "Look But With Love."
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我們稱它為「帶著愛去看」。
08:10
It would give the community
an opportunity to come together
an opportunity to come together
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這麼一來，社區
就有機會聚集起來，
就有機會聚集起來，
08:13
and watch films in the evening.
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晚上一起看電影。
08:15
We knew we could attract men and children
in the mobile cinema.
in the mobile cinema.
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我們知道我們能夠吸引
男性和孩子進入行動電影院。
男性和孩子進入行動電影院。
08:20
They would come out and watch.
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他們會走出家門來看電影。
08:22
But what about women?
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但女性呢？
08:23
In these small, rural communities
that are segregated,
that are segregated,
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在這些被隔離的鄉村小型社區中，
08:27
how would we get women to come out?
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我們要如何讓女性走出家門？
08:29
We had to work with prevailing
cultural norms in order to do so,
cultural norms in order to do so,
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我們得要透過主流的
文化規範來做到這件事，
文化規範來做到這件事，
08:33
and so we built a cinema
inside the cinema,
inside the cinema,
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所以我們在電影院中
建了一間電影院，
建了一間電影院，
08:36
outfitting it with seats and a screen
where women could go inside and watch
where women could go inside and watch
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裡面裝設有座椅和銀幕，
女性可以進入這間電影院看電影，
女性可以進入這間電影院看電影，
08:40
without fearing
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不用害怕什麼，
08:42
or being embarrassed
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不會被羞辱，
08:43
or harassment.
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或騷擾。
08:46
We began to introduce everyone
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我們開始向大家介紹，
08:49
to films that opened up their minds
to competing worldviews,
to competing worldviews,
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一些能讓他們敞開心
接受不同世界觀的電影，
接受不同世界觀的電影，
08:54
encouraging children
to build critical thinking
to build critical thinking
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鼓勵孩子建立批判性的思維，
08:57
so that they could ask questions.
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這樣他們才會問問題。
08:59
And we expanded our scope
beyond honor killings,
beyond honor killings,
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我們把我們的規模
擴大到榮譽殺人之外，
擴大到榮譽殺人之外，
09:03
talking about income inequality,
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去談論收入不平等、
09:06
the environment,
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環境，
09:07
talking about ethnic relations,
religious tolerance and compassion.
religious tolerance and compassion.
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去談論人種關係、
宗教包容，以及同情心。
宗教包容，以及同情心。
09:12
And inside, for women,
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在裡面，針對女性，
09:14
we showed them films
in which they were heroes, not victims,
in which they were heroes, not victims,
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在我們放的電影中，
女性是英雄而非受害者，
女性是英雄而非受害者，
09:17
and we told them how they could navigate
the court system, the police system,
the court system, the police system,
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我們告訴她們，她們可以
如何引導法庭體制、警察體制，
如何引導法庭體制、警察體制，
09:21
educating them about their rights,
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讓她們知道自己的權利，
09:23
telling them where they could seek refuge
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告訴她們可以在何處尋求庇護，
09:25
if they were victims of domestic violence,
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如果她們成為家暴受害者時，
09:29
where they could go and get help.
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可以去哪裡求助。
我們很意外，我們去的很多地方
09:32
We were surprised that we were
welcomed in so many of the places
welcomed in so many of the places
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都相當歡迎我們。
09:36
that we went to.
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09:40
Many of the towns had never seen
television or social media,
television or social media,
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有許多小鎮從來沒有
見過電視或社交媒體，
見過電視或社交媒體，
09:44
and they were eager
for their children to learn.
for their children to learn.
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他們很迫切希望
他們的孩子能夠學習。
他們的孩子能夠學習。
09:47
But there was also pushback and blowback
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但也有些負面反應和後座力，
09:49
with the ideas that
we were bringing with us.
we were bringing with us.
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抗拒我們帶去的想法。
09:53
Two members of our mobile
cinema team resigned
cinema team resigned
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我們的行動電影院團隊
有兩位成員辭職，
有兩位成員辭職，
09:57
because of threats from villages.
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因為受到來自村落的威脅。
10:00
And in one of the villages
that we were screening in,
that we were screening in,
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我們去到一個村落進行放映，
10:02
they shut it down
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他們逼我們關閉，
10:04
and said they didn't want the women
to know about their rights.
to know about their rights.
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說他們不希望女性
知道她們的權利。
知道她們的權利。
10:07
But on the flip side, in another village
when a screening was shut down,
when a screening was shut down,
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但，另一方面，在另一個村落裡，
當我們被迫停止放映，
當我們被迫停止放映，
10:11
a plainclothes policeman got up
and ordered it back on,
and ordered it back on,
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有一位便衣警察站起來，
要求繼續放映，
要求繼續放映，
10:15
and stood by, protecting our team,
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且支持、保護我們的團隊，
10:17
telling everyone that it was his duty
to expose the young minds
to expose the young minds
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告訴大家，他的職責
是要讓年輕人可以
是要讓年輕人可以
10:21
to an alternative worldview
and to this content.
and to this content.
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接觸到不同的世界觀及這些內容。
10:25
He was an ordinary hero.
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他是位平凡的英雄。
10:26
But we've come across
so many of these heroes on our journey.
so many of these heroes on our journey.
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但，我們在旅程上遇到了
好多這類的英雄。
好多這類的英雄。
10:31
In another town, where the men said
that only they could watch
that only they could watch
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在另一個小鎮，男性說，
只有他們能看電影，
只有他們能看電影，
10:34
and the women had to stay home,
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女性必須要待在家，
10:36
a community elder got up,
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這個小鎮有位長者站出來，
10:38
got a group of people together,
had a discussion,
had a discussion,
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聚集了一群人，進行討論，
10:41
and then both men and women
sat down to watch together.
sat down to watch together.
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接著，男性和女性便可以
坐在一起看電影。
坐在一起看電影。
10:47
We are documenting what we are doing.
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我們將我們所做的事記錄下來。
10:50
We talk to people.
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我們和人們交談。
10:52
We adapt.
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我們因地制宜。
10:53
We change the lineup of films.
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我們改變了片單。
10:56
When we show men films
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給男性看時，
我們會放關於暴力行兇者入獄的電影。
10:59
that show perpetrators
of violence behind bars,
of violence behind bars,
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11:02
we want to hit home the fact
that if men are violent,
that if men are violent,
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我們希望傳達的訊息是，
如果男性太暴力，
如果男性太暴力，
11:05
there will be repercussions.
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是會有反彈後果的。
11:07
But we also show films where men
are seen as championing women,
are seen as championing women,
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但我們也會放些男性
陪伴女性的電影給男性看，
陪伴女性的電影給男性看，
11:13
because we want to encourage them
to take on those roles.
to take on those roles.
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因為我們想要鼓勵男性
去扮演那樣的角色。
去扮演那樣的角色。
11:18
For women, when we show them films
in which they are heads of state
in which they are heads of state
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至於女性，我們會放關於
女性國家領導人的電影，
女性國家領導人的電影，
11:22
or where they are lawyers
and doctors and in leadership positions,
and doctors and in leadership positions,
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或是女性律師、醫生，
及其他領導職位，
及其他領導職位，
11:26
we talk to them and encourage them
to step into those roles.
to step into those roles.
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我們會和她們交談，
鼓勵她們扮演這些角色。
鼓勵她們扮演這些角色。
11:30
We are changing the way
people in these villages interact,
people in these villages interact,
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我們在改變這些
村落中的人如何互動，
村落中的人如何互動，
11:35
and we're taking our learnings
into other places.
into other places.
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我們也在把我們的學習
帶到其他地方。
帶到其他地方。
11:38
Recently, a group contacted us
and wants to take our mobile cinema
and wants to take our mobile cinema
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最近，有一個團體聯絡我們，
想要把我們的行動電影院
想要把我們的行動電影院
11:43
to Bangladesh and Syria,
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帶到孟加拉和敘利亞，
11:44
and we're sharing our learnings with them.
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讓我們可以將這些學習與他們分享。
11:47
We feel it's really important
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我們認為將我們所做的事
11:50
to take what we are doing
and spread it across the world.
and spread it across the world.
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推廣到全世界是很重要的。
11:55
In small towns and villages
across Pakistan,
across Pakistan,
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在巴基斯坦的小鎮和村落中，
11:58
men are changing the way
they interact with women,
they interact with women,
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男性在改變和女性互動的方式，
12:01
children are changing
the way they see the world,
the way they see the world,
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孩子在改變他們看世界的方式，
12:04
one village at a time, through cinema.
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透過電影院，一次改變一個村落。
12:07
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:08
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - FilmmakerSharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history.
Why you should listen
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy is a film producer and journalist who has worked on 14 films for major networks in the United States and Britain. Her films include Children of the Taliban (with Dan Edge), The Lost Generation (about Iraqi exiles) and Afghanistan Unveiled. Her work has taken her around the world, where she has filmed and worked with refugees, women’s advocacy groups and human rights defenders. By bringing their voices to the outside world, she has often helped them bring about a critical change in their community.
Obaid-Chinoy helped found the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, a nonprofit, volunteer organization that fosters and promotes community-wide interest in the culture and history of Pakistan. Citizens Archive works with thousands of children, teaching critical thinking skills and instilling a sense of pride about their history and identity.
Obaid-Chinoy is a TED2010 Fellow.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | Speaker | TED.com