TED2009
Daniel Libeskind: 17 words of architectural inspiration
名建築師丹尼爾．李伯斯金認為建築物的17個關鍵字
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丹尼爾．李伯斯金的設計基於他偉大的想法。在這個演說，他分享17個能表達他對建築概念的詞 -- 粗野，冒險，感情，激進 -- 這提供了追求大膽創意的靈感。
Daniel Libeskind - Architect
Being a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind. Full bio
Being a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'll start with my favorite muse, Emily Dickinson,
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我最喜愛的靈感女神艾米莉·迪金森曾說
00:15
who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.
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想像不是知識，也不是無知
00:19
It's something which is suspended
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想像是介乎於
00:21
between what we believe we can be,
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我們對未來的憧憬，和
00:23
and a tradition we may have forgotten.
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即將消逝的傳統之間
00:25
And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,
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當我在這裡聽到許多優秀的人物演講時
00:28
I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.
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啟發了我許多想法，原來有這麼多傑出的點子和願景
00:32
And yet, when I look at the environment outside,
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但當我往窗外一看
00:36
you see how resistant architecture is to change.
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你會發現我們的建築物是那麼的死板
00:38
You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.
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是那麼的抗拒新想法
00:41
We can think them out. We can create incredible things.
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我們可以想像改變，我們可以創造美好的東西
00:44
And yet, at the end,
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但到了最後
00:46
it's so hard to change a wall.
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這面高牆還是難以翻越
00:48
We applaud the well-mannered box.
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我們依舊讚揚那些四四方方的建築物
00:51
But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;
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我只對創造前所未有的空間有興趣
00:54
to create something that has never been,
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和創造史無前例的東西
00:57
a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.
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一個只曾在我們想像和心靈存在的空間
01:00
And I think that's really what architecture is based on.
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我認為這才是建築的本質
01:03
Architecture is not based on concrete
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建築不是奠基於混凝土
01:05
and steel and the elements of the soil.
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鋼鐵或是泥土上
01:07
It's based on wonder.
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而是奠基於我們的想像
01:09
And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,
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想像使我們建成最偉大的城市，和
01:12
the greatest spaces that we have had.
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最美好的生活空間
01:14
And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.
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我想建築便是如此。建築是一個故事
01:18
By the way, it is a story that is told through
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建築是一個透過
01:21
its hard materials.
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實體來說的故事
01:23
But it is a story of effort and struggle
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一個關於努力和奮鬥
01:25
against improbabilities.
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抗衡不可能的故事
01:27
If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,
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當你想到那些偉大的建築物、大教堂、寺廟
01:29
of the pyramids, of pagodas,
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金字塔、寶塔
01:31
of cities in India and beyond,
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在印度的城市及以後以外城市
01:34
you think of how incredible this is that that was realized
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那些不可思議的城市和建築不是來自
01:37
not by some abstract idea, but by people.
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一個抽象的概念，而是來自人
01:40
So, anything that has been made can be unmade.
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我們可以重塑那些現有的建築物
01:42
Anything that has been made can be made better.
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或是讓它們更完美
01:45
There it is: the things that I really believe
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這些是我認為對建築來說
01:47
are of important architecture.
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真正重要的東西
01:49
These are the dimensions that I like to work with.
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我期盼能在這些概念下創作
01:51
It's something very personal.
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這是我個人的想法
01:53
It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics
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或許這不是藝術評論家
01:55
or architecture critics or city planners.
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或建築評論家或城市規劃者所讚賞的
01:57
But I think these are the necessary oxygen
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但我認為在怎樣的建築物裡、城市生活
02:00
for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,
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並連結我們彼此的社交空間
02:02
to connect ourselves in a social space.
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跟呼吸一樣重要
02:05
And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.
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樂觀精神是推動建築設計進步的動力
02:08
It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.
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建築在未來的進步是你可以看得到的
02:12
You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,
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你可以是一個沮喪的將軍，政治家，經濟學家
02:16
a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.
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一個憂鬱的音樂家，一個暗沉的畫家
02:19
But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.
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但建築是帶著狂喜地期盼美好的未來
02:24
And it is that belief that I think drives society.
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而我認為這便是推動社會進步的信念
02:27
And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.
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現今我們被悲觀的說法包圍
02:30
And yet it is in times like this
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然而在這樣的時代
02:32
that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,
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建築也可以為偉大的想法而奮鬥
02:35
ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.
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想想那些偉大的城市
02:38
Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.
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想想帝國大廈和洛克菲勒中心
02:40
They were built in times that were
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它們的建造時間
02:42
not really the best of times in a certain way.
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都是在最艱困的時代
02:44
And yet that energy and power of architecture
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然而建築物帶來的精神和力量
02:48
has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.
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卻讓整個社會和政治環境得到進步
02:53
So again, I am a believer in the expressive.
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我認為建築能表現某些事情
02:55
I have never been a fan of the neutral.
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我從來不是一個中立者
02:58
I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.
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我不喜歡在生活上或任何事上中立
03:00
I think expression.
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表現就像
03:02
And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.
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就像濃縮咖啡，把咖啡的精髓提煉出來
03:04
That's what expression is.
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這就是我所謂的表現
03:06
It's been missing in much of the architecture,
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而我們大部分的建築已經失去這樣的能力
03:08
because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,
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因為我們認為建築是一個中立的領域
03:12
the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,
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一個沒有看法的領域
03:16
that has no value.
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也沒有價值觀
03:18
And yet, I believe it is the expression --
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但我仍然相信建築是一種表現
03:20
expression of the city, expression of our own space --
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是城市和生活空間的表現
03:23
that gives meaning to architecture.
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賦予了建築物意義
03:25
And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.
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建築物表現的空間並不是沈默的
03:28
Expressive spaces are not spaces
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這表現的空間不只是
03:30
that simply confirm what we already know.
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表達我們已知的事情
03:32
Expressive spaces may disturb us.
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這空間可能會使我們不安
03:34
And I think that's also part of life.
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我認為這也是人生的一部分
03:36
Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,
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人生不該只有那些麻痺的笑容
03:39
but to reach out across the abyss of history,
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而是越過歷史的深淵
03:42
to places we have never been,
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到達我們從未到過的地方
03:44
and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.
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如果我們不試，可能無法到達那種境界
03:47
So again, radical versus conservative.
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激進與保守
03:50
Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,
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什麼是激進？那是根深蒂固的
03:53
and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.
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在傳統上生根的
03:55
And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.
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我認為建築也是激進的
03:58
It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde
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而不是像死去一樣
04:00
of dead forms.
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被保護在傳統的束縛裡
04:02
It is actually a living connection
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建築是活生生的
04:04
to the cosmic event that we are part of,
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聯系著宇宙
04:07
and a story that is certainly ongoing.
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它是一個正在進行的故事
04:09
It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.
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它的結局可以是好也可以是壞
04:12
It's actually a story in which our acts themselves
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它是我們正參與著的故事
04:15
are pushing the story in a particular way.
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我們的行為會影響這故事
04:17
So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.
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我是個激進建築的信徒
04:20
You know the Soviet architecture of that building
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你們都見過蘇聯的建築
04:22
is the conservation.
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那就是傳統
04:24
It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.
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那就像過去的拉斯維加斯一樣
04:26
It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions
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著重的是保守和傳統
04:29
that have obstructed the mind in moving forward
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這些阻礙了我們的思想進步
04:31
and of course what is radical is to confront them.
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激進就是要對抗這些保守思想
04:34
And I think our architecture is a confrontation
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我認為建築正在和我們的
04:36
with our own senses.
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知覺對抗
04:38
Therefore I believe it should not be cool.
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所以我認為建築不該是冷酷的
04:40
There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.
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許多人喜歡那種冷酷的建築
04:44
I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.
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我一直反對這個想法，我認為建築必須要有情緒
04:47
Life without emotion would really not be life.
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沒有情緒的人生便不是人生
04:50
Even the mind is emotional.
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甚至我們的思想都是情緒化的
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There is no reason which does not take a position
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沒理由情緒不能出現在我們的倫理觀
04:54
in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.
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或像哲學般地解釋我們是誰
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So I think emotion is a dimension
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我認為情緒是一種維度
05:01
that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.
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把情緒帶進城市空間和城市生活中是非常重要的
05:05
And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.
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當然，情緒會有所衝突
05:08
And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.
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我認為這讓世界變得美好
05:11
And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,
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冷酷和情緒化之間的對峙
05:15
is a conversation that I think
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是一個城市中
05:17
cities themselves have fostered.
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所兼容的對話
05:19
I think that is the progress of cities.
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我認為這是城市的進步
05:21
It's not only the forms of cities,
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不只是城市形態的進步而已
05:23
but the fact that they incarnate emotions,
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這些具體化的情緒
05:25
not just of those who build them,
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不只是來自建築工人
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but of those who live there as well.
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也來自居民的情緒
05:29
Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.
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難以言表與理解。我們往往想理解所有事
05:32
But architecture is not the language of words.
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但建築不是一種有文字的語言
05:35
It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced
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它是一種語言，但不是一種能被簡化為
05:39
to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.
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文字來表達的語言
05:42
Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal
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外面有許多平庸的建築
05:44
tell you a story, but the story is very short,
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它們也會說故事，但大多很短
05:47
which says, "We have no story to tell you."
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它說 “我無話可說”
05:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲）
05:50
So the important thing actually,
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重要的是
05:52
is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,
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要介紹真正的建築各個面相
05:55
which might be totally inexplicable in words,
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是不是能用言語陳述的
05:58
because they operate in proportions,
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因為這語言是以比例
06:01
in materials, in light.
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材質，光線組成的
06:03
They connect themselves into various sources,
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它們以不同元素連成一種
06:06
into a kind of complex vector matrix
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複雜的向量矩陣
06:08
that isn't really frontal
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它不是平鋪直述
06:11
but is really embedded in the lives,
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但深入我們的生活
06:13
and in the history of a city, and of a people.
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深入城市和居民的歷史
06:16
So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit
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那些認為建築應該直截了當的想法
06:19
I think is a false notion,
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我認為是錯誤的
06:21
which has reduced architecture into banality.
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它會把建築簡化為平庸
06:23
Hand versus the computer.
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手繪與電腦
06:25
Of course, what would we be without computers?
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當然，今日誰能不用電腦呢？
06:27
Our whole practice depends on computing.
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我們這個行業是依賴電腦的
06:29
But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;
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但電腦應該只是手套
06:33
the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.
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手才是手套後面真正賜予電腦力量的東西
06:37
Because I believe that the hand
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因為我相信手
06:39
in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,
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在原始、複雜的生理機能背後
06:44
has a source, though the source is unknown,
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仍然有種力量，雖然我們不知從何而來
06:47
though we don't have to be mystical about it.
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我們不需要故作神秘
06:49
We realize that the hand has been given us
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我們知道手是由
06:52
by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.
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一種超越我們能力的力量所賜予
06:55
And I think when I draw drawings
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我認為當我繪圖時
06:58
which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --
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可以畫得很像電腦畫的，但實際上不是
07:01
drawings that can come from sources
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這手繪圖像是出自於
07:03
that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,
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一種未見，未知，無解的力量
07:07
yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --
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但是手 -- 我想告訴你們的是，在這個領域工作的你們 --
07:11
how can we make the computer respond to our hand
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要如何讓電腦回應我們的手
07:15
rather than the hand responding to the computer.
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而不是手回應電腦
07:18
I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.
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我想這也是建築複雜的一部分
07:22
Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda
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因為我們都習慣認為
07:26
that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.
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簡單是好的觀念，但我卻不這麼想
07:28
Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,
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今天聽各位演講，這些複雜的思考
07:31
the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.
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這些意含的層次是驚人的
07:34
And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,
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而我認為我們不應該忽略建築學這個領域
07:37
You know, brain surgery, atomic theory,
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腦科手術、原子論
07:40
genetics, economics
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遺傳學、經濟學
07:43
are complex complex fields.
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都是一些非常複雜的領域
07:45
There is no reason that architecture should shy away
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建築學沒有理由被忽略
07:47
and present this illusory world of the simple.
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它不是呈現一個虛假的簡單世界
07:50
It is complex. Space is complex.
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世界是複雜的，空間是複雜的
07:52
Space is something that folds out of itself into completely new worlds.
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空間將自己摺疊成一個新世界
07:56
And as wondrous as it is,
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多神奇阿
07:58
it cannot be reduced to a kind of simplification
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它不能被簡化成那些
08:01
that we have often come to be admired.
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我們往往過分讚揚的作品
08:03
And yet, our lives are complex.
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我們的生活是複雜的
08:05
Our emotions are complex.
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我們的情緒是複雜的
08:07
Our intellectual desires are complex.
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我們對知識的慾望是複雜的
08:09
So I do believe that architecture as I see it
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所以我相信建築應該
08:12
needs to mirror that complexity in every single space that we have,
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反應那些環繞我們的複雜的生活和空間
08:16
in every intimacy that we possess.
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在我們所有的親密性中
08:18
Of course that means that architecture is political.
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這代表著建築是政治的
08:21
The political is not an enemy of architecture.
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政治不是建築的敵人
08:23
The politeama is the city. It's all of us together.
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政治是城市，是我們所有人
08:26
And I've always believed that the act of architecture,
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我一直相信建築本身
08:28
even a private house, when somebody else will see it, is a political act,
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就算是私人住宅，當有人見到它，它便成為一個政治行為
08:32
because it will be visible to others.
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因為他人也可以看見
08:34
And we live in a world which is connecting us more and more.
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而我們住在一個彼此越來越有關聯的世界
08:36
So again, the evasion of that sphere,
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但我們依舊逃避這個事實
08:40
which has been so endemic to that sort of pure architecture,
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而普遍的選擇一種純粹的建築
08:43
the autonomous architecture that is just an abstract object
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那些"自發的建築"看上去像個抽象物件
08:45
has never appealed to me.
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我對那些從來不感興趣
08:47
And I do believe that this interaction
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我相信與歷史產生
08:50
with the history, with history that is often very difficult,
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相互作用是困難的
08:54
to grapple with it, to create
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設法解決它
08:56
a position that is beyond our normal expectations and to create a critique.
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創造超越一般預設的立場及評判
09:02
Because architecture is also the asking of questions.
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因為建築不只是給答案
09:04
It's not only the giving of answers.
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同時也在發問
09:06
It's also, just like life, the asking of questions.
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正如人生一樣，不斷地發問
09:09
Therefore it is important that it be real.
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因此重要的是保持真實
09:11
You know we can simulate almost anything.
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我們幾乎可以模擬所有東西
09:13
But the one thing that can be ever simulated
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但有一件事是永遠不能模擬的
09:15
is the human heart, the human soul.
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便是人心和人的靈魂
09:18
And architecture is so closely intertwined with it
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建築和它們息息相關
09:20
because we are born somewhere and we die somewhere.
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因為我們生於建築，死於建築
09:23
So the reality of architecture is visceral. It's not intellectual.
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真正的建築出自內心，而不是來自知識
09:27
It's not something that comes to us from books and theories.
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不是來自書本或理論
09:30
It's the real that we touch -- the door, the window,
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而是來自我們可觸碰的真實。一扇門，一扇窗
09:34
the threshold, the bed --
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門檻，床
09:36
such prosaic objects. And yet,
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這些平凡的物件
09:38
I try, in every building, to take that virtual world,
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我試著在虛擬世界
09:40
which is so enigmatic and so rich,
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把這些深奧又多元的作品展示出來
09:43
and create something in the real world.
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然後在真實世界中把這些作品實體化
09:45
Create a space for an office,
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創造一個辦公環境
09:47
a space of sustainability
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一個永續空間
09:49
that really works between that virtuality
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存在於虛擬世界中
09:52
and yet can be realized as something real.
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也能在真實世界中存在
09:54
Unexpected versus habitual.
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意外與習慣
09:56
What is a habit? It's just a shackle for ourselves.
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習慣是什麼？不過是一個束縛
09:59
It's a self-induced poison.
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是一種我們自己造成的毒藥
10:01
So the unexpected is always unexpected.
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意外總是出人意料
10:03
You know, it's true, the cathedrals, as unexpected,
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就像大教堂，是意外
10:06
will always be unexpected.
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永遠是意想不到的
10:08
You know Frank Gehry's buildings, they will continue to be unexpected in the future.
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就像弗蘭克蓋裡的建築，將繼續在今後帶給我們驚歎
10:11
So not the habitual architecture that instills in us
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而不是那些我們早已習慣的建築形態
10:14
the false sort of stability,
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虛假的穩定
10:16
but an architecture that is full of tension,
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而是充滿張力的建築形態
10:19
an architecture that goes beyond itself
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一個超越自己
10:22
to reach a human soul and a human heart,
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能感動心靈的建築
10:24
and that breaks out of the shackles of habits.
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它打破古舊習慣的束縛
10:27
And of course habits are enforced by architecture.
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當然建築也加強了我們的習慣
10:30
When we see the same kind of architecture
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當我們日復一日見到同樣的建築
10:32
we become immured in that world of those angles,
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我們會開始習慣於從這個角度看世界
10:35
of those lights, of those materials.
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這些光線，這些材質
10:37
We think the world really looks like our buildings.
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我們開始相信世界就像我們看到的這些建築一樣
10:40
And yet our buildings are pretty much limited by the techniques and wonders
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但這些建築卻受限於創造者的
10:44
that have been part of them.
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技術和想像力
10:46
So again, the unexpected which is also the raw.
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因此，意外就是原始
10:49
And I often think of the raw and the refined.
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我時常想到原始和精緻
10:51
What is raw? The raw, I would say
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原始是什麼？原始就是
10:53
is the naked experience, untouched by luxury,
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一種純淨的經驗，不被奢華
10:56
untouched by expensive materials,
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和昂貴的材質影響
10:58
untouched by the kind of refinement
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不被那些高度文明
11:00
that we associate with high culture.
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所認同的那些精緻珍品影響
11:03
So the rawness, I think, in space,
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空間裡的原始
11:06
the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future
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在未來可以把永續的概念
11:09
translate into a raw space,
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變成原始空間
11:11
a space that isn't decorated,
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一個不經裝飾的空間
11:13
a space that is not mannered in any source,
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一個不經矯飾的空間
11:16
but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature,
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一個涼爽的空間
11:20
might be refractive to our desires.
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反應著我們所期望的
11:23
A space that doesn't always follow us
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一個不會像一條訓練良好的狗
11:26
like a dog that has been trained to follow us,
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一樣跟隨著我們的空間
11:29
but moves ahead into directions of demonstrating
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而是帶領我們
11:32
other possibilities, other experiences,
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示範著其它的可能性、其它的經驗
11:34
that have never been part of the vocabulary of architecture.
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發掘那些在建築史上從未使用的
11:39
And of course that juxtaposition is of great interest to me
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交叉重疊也是我的興趣
11:42
because it creates a kind of a spark of new energy.
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因為它創造一種新的能量
11:46
And so I do like something which is pointed, not blunt,
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而且我也喜歡尖銳，而不是遲鈍的
11:49
something which is focused on reality,
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那些專注於真實的
11:52
something that has the power, through its leverage,
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那些力量飽滿的，藉著它來影響
11:55
to transform even a very small space.
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就算只是一個小地方
11:57
So architecture maybe is not so big, like science,
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建築可能不像科學那樣偉大
12:00
but through its focal point
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但藉著這個焦點
12:03
it can leverage in an Archimedian way
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可以產生一種阿基米德式的槓桿效應
12:05
what we think the world is really about.
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改變我們對世界的看法
12:07
And often it takes just a building
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往往我們只需要一個建築
12:09
to change our experience of what could be done, what has been done,
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就能改變我們對過去歷史和未來可能性的看法
12:13
how the world has remained both in between stability and instability.
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甚至瞭解世界如何存在於穩定和震盪中
12:18
And of course buildings have their shapes.
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當然建築都有它們各自的形態
12:21
Those shapes are difficult to change.
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這些形態是很難改變的
12:23
And yet, I do believe that in every social space,
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但我仍然相信在所有社交空間
12:25
in every public space,
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在所有公共空間裡
12:27
there is a desire to communicate more
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都有一種想要溝通的慾望
12:29
than just that blunt thought, that blunt technique,
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而不是模糊的想法，模糊的技術
12:33
but something that pinpoints, and can point in various directions
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是能明確指出不同方向的
12:37
forward, backward, sideways and around.
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是要前進、後退、左右或是環繞
12:40
So that is indeed what is memory.
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這是一個共同的記憶
12:43
So I believe that my main interest is to memory.
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我相信我最大的興趣便是記憶
12:47
Without memory we would be amnesiacs.
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沒有記憶我們就成了失憶者
12:49
We would not know which way we were going,
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我們會忘記我們的前進的方向
12:51
and why we are going where we're going.
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以及我們選擇這個方向的原因
12:53
So I've been never interested in the forgettable reuse,
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所以我對那些過目即忘的再製品從來不感興趣
12:58
rehashing of the same things over and over again,
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把那些做過的事反覆地重新排列
13:01
which, of course, get accolades of critics.
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當然，它們能得到評論家的讚揚
13:03
Critics like the performance to be repeated again and again the same way.
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評論家總是喜歡那些一再重複的演出
13:07
But I rather play something
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但我寧可演奏一些
13:09
completely unheard of,
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前所未有的音符
13:11
and even with flaws,
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就算有瑕疵
13:13
than repeat the same thing over and over which has been hollowed
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也不要重複那些被反覆演奏的樂章
13:15
by its meaninglessness.
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它們毫無意義而且空洞
13:17
So again, memory is the city, memory is the world.
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記憶組成城市，記憶組成世界
13:20
Without the memory there would be no story to tell.
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沒有記憶，便沒有值得訴說的故事
13:22
There would be nowhere to turn.
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也無路可走
13:24
The memorable, I think, is really our world, what we think the world is.
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那值得記憶的，是我們的世界，我們對世界的觀感
13:28
And it's not only our memory,
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那不只是我們的記憶
13:30
but those who remember us,
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還有那些記憶我們的人
13:33
which means that architecture is not mute.
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建築不是沉默的
13:35
It's an art of communication.
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它是一門溝通的藝術
13:37
It tells a story. The story can reach into obscure desires.
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它訴說一個故事。這故事可以碰觸到我們隱藏的欲望
13:41
It can reach into sources that are not explicitly available.
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碰觸那些平日接觸不到的資源
13:44
It can reach into millennia
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碰觸那些被埋葬已久的
13:47
that have been buried,
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千年記憶
13:49
and return them in a just and unexpected equity.
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讓它們回到一個正確而平等的地位
13:53
So again, I think the notion that
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我想，我從來不被
13:55
the best architecture is silent has never appealed to me.
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沉默的建築所吸引
13:59
Silence maybe is good for a cemetery but not for a city.
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一個沉默的墳場是好的，但沉默的城市是不好的
14:02
Cities should be full of vibrations, full of sound, full of music.
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城市應該活躍，充滿音樂和聲音
14:05
And that indeed is the architectural mission
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這是建築的任務
14:07
that I believe is important,
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我相信這是重要的
14:09
is to create spaces that are vibrant,
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去創造這樣一個活躍的
14:11
that are pluralistic,
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多元的空間
14:13
that can transform the most prosaic activities,
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能夠把看似普通的活動
14:16
and raise them to a completely different expectation.
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變得出乎意料
14:18
Create a shopping center, a swimming place
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能把一個購物商場，一個游泳池
14:20
that is more like a museum than like entertainment.
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做得更像博物館，而非娛樂場所
14:23
And these are our dreams.
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這是我們的夢想
14:25
And of course risk. I think architecture should be risky.
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我認為建築應該冒險
14:29
You know it costs a lot of money and so on, but yes,
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當然這要花很多金錢和精力
14:31
it should not play it safe.
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但不應該保守
14:33
It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe
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我們不應該因為保守而保守
14:36
it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.
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這不能帶我們前進去我們想去的方向
14:40
And I think, of course,
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當然
14:42
risk is what underlies the world.
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冒險是世界的基礎
14:44
World without risk would not be worth living.
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沒有冒險的世界是不值得活的
14:47
So yes, I do believe that the risk we take in every building.
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是的，我相信在每一個建築裡冒的險都是值得的
14:51
Risks to create spaces that have never been cantilevered to that extent.
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冒險去做那些從未懸吊的這樣遠的空間
14:55
Risks of spaces that have never been
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冒險去做一個前所未有的
14:57
so dizzying,
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迷人燦爛的
15:00
as they should be, for a pioneering city.
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像所有城市的先驅
15:03
Risks that really move architecture
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那些真正讓建築進步的冒險
15:06
even with all its flaws, into a space which is much better
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就算有它的缺陷，還是好過那些
15:09
that the ever again repeated
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一直重複的
15:11
hollowness of a ready-made thing.
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空虛的現成品
15:14
And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be.
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這就是我所相信的建築的意義
15:17
It's about space. It's not about fashion.
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這是關於空間，而不是關於時尚
15:19
It's not about decoration.
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也不是關於裝潢
15:21
It's about creating with minimal means
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只是希望創造一些
15:23
something which can not be repeated,
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不能被重複的
15:26
cannot be simulated in any other sphere.
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不能在其它地方被模擬的
15:28
And there of course is the space that we need to breathe,
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我們在那裡可以呼吸
15:32
is the space we need to dream.
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可以夢想
15:34
These are the spaces that are
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這些空間
15:36
not just luxurious spaces for some of us,
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不只是一些人的奢侈享受
15:39
but are important for everybody in this world.
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而是對世上每個人都很重要的地方
15:41
So again, it's not about the changing fashions, changing theories.
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這無關時尚，或是改變理論
15:45
It's about carving out a space for trees.
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而是為樹木創造一個空間
15:48
It's carving out a space where nature can enter
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在空間中創造一個能夠迎接大自然的地方
15:50
the domestic world of a city.
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城市中的家居空間
15:52
A space where something which has never seen a light of day
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一個從未見光的空間
15:56
can enter into the inner workings of a density.
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可以進入城市的密度
16:00
And I think that is really the nature of architecture.
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這就是建築的本質
16:04
Now I am a believer in democracy.
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我支持民主
16:06
I don't like beautiful buildings
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我不喜歡那些極權國家
16:08
built for totalitarian regimes.
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所建造的美麗建築
16:10
Where people cannot speak, cannot vote, cannot do anything.
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那裡的人民不能自由發言，不能投票，什麼也不能做
16:12
We too often admire those buildings. We think they are beautiful.
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我們太常讚揚那些建築，認為它們很美麗
16:15
And yet when I think of the poverty of society
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當我想到這些社會的貧窮
16:17
which doesn't give freedom to its people,
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它們無法還給人民自由的狀況
16:19
I don't admire those buildings.
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我就無法讚揚這些建築
16:21
So democracy, as difficult as it is, I believe in it.
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雖然民主並不容易，我仍然相信它
16:23
And of course, at Ground Zero what else?
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"零地帶"還剩什麼(世貿中心的倒塌現場)
16:26
It's such a complex project.
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這是一個很複雜的計劃
16:28
It's emotional. There is so many interests.
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很多個人情緒，很多人感興趣
16:30
It's political. There is so many parties to this project.
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它也是政治，許多人參與這個項目
16:34
There is so many interests. There's money. There's political power.
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他們都為了不同的原因，有金錢和權力參與其中
16:36
There are emotions of the victims.
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有受害者家屬的情緒
16:38
And yet, in all its messiness, in all its difficulties,
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但在這些困難和混亂中
16:42
I would not have liked somebody to say,
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我不希望有人說
16:44
"This is the tabula rasa, mister architect -- do whatever you want."
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“這是一張白紙，建築師。自由發揮吧”
16:47
I think nothing good will come out of that.
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我不認為這樣能產出優秀的作品
16:49
I think architecture is about consensus.
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我認為建築是一種共識
16:51
And it is about the dirty word "compromise." Compromise is not bad.
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這都和“妥協”有關，其實妥協並不是壞事
16:55
Compromise, if it's artistic,
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妥協，如果那是具藝術性的
16:57
if it is able to cope with its strategies --
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如果那和策略的配合有關
17:00
and there is my first sketch and the last rendering --
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這是我的第一個草圖，左邊是手繪圖
17:02
it's not that far away.
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兩者相差不大
17:04
And yet, compromise, consensus,
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但是，妥協，共識
17:06
that is what I believe in.
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是我所相信的
17:08
And Ground Zero, despite all its difficulties, it's moving forward.
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"零地帶"，無論過程多麼困難，它正在前進
17:11
It's difficult. 2011, 2013. Freedom Tower, the memorial.
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這的確困難。 2011年、2013年，自由塔，紀念館
17:16
And that is where I end.
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我就說到這裡
17:18
I was inspired when I came here as an immigrant
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當我以移民身份，像無數人一樣坐船
17:20
on a ship like millions of others,
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來到這裡的時候，我被啟發了
17:22
looking at America from that point of view.
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從這個角度看美國
17:25
This is America. This is liberty.
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這是美國，這是自由
17:27
This is what we dream about. Its individuality,
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這就是我們夢想的，它的獨立
17:29
demonstrated in the skyline. It's resilience.
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從地平線描繪出來的，它的彈性
17:32
And finally, it's the freedom that America represents,
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這就是美國所代表的自由意義
17:34
not just to me, as an immigrant, but to everyone in the world. Thank you.
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不只是身為移民的我，還有世界上每個人，謝謝大家
17:38
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
17:43
Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
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我有一個問題
17:45
So have you come to peace
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所以你已經不再在意
17:47
with the process that happened at Ground Zero
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"零地帶"的發展過程中所發生的一切嗎
17:50
and the loss of the original, incredible design that you came up with?
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你不介意失去你原本出色的設計嗎？
17:53
Daniel Libeskind: Look. We have to cure ourselves
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我們必須要糾正
17:57
of the notion that we are authoritarian,
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自身的獨裁
17:59
that we can determine everything that happens.
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告訴自己我們不可能控制每件事情
18:01
We have to rely on others, and shape the process in the best way possible.
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我們必須互相信賴，然後找出最好的解決方法
18:05
I came from the Bronx. I was taught not to be a loser,
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我在布朗克斯長大，在成長中我學會了不做輸家
18:08
not to be somebody who just gives up in a fight.
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亦不會在爭鬥中輕易放棄
18:10
You have to fight for what you believe. You don't always win
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你必須爭取你相信的。你並不能總是贏得
18:12
everything you want to win. But you can steer the process.
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你所有要贏得的。但你能引導這個過程
18:15
And I believe that what will be built at Ground Zero
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我亦認為將建在"零地帶"的設計
18:18
will be meaningful, will be inspiring,
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將是有意義的，將是鼓舞人心的
18:21
will tell other generations of the sacrifices,
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將能告訴後代 911 事件的犧牲
18:23
of the meaning of this event.
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和含意
18:25
Not just for New York, but for the world.
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不止是對於紐約，而是對整個世界
18:27
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Daniel Libeskind.
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主持人 Chris Anderson: 非常感謝
18:29
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Libeskind - ArchitectBeing a designer of breathtaking and sometimes confounding buildings seems almost a footnote to the amazing life of architect Daniel Libeskind.
Why you should listen
A true renaissance man, Daniel Libeskind possesses a staggering array of creative interests -- he has been a free-verse poet, an opera set designer, a virtuoso musician. When he finally settled on architecture, it was not long (in architect-years, anyway) before he had taken the skylines of the world by storm.
His many buildings include the recently opened Contemporary Jewish Museum in San Francisco, in the deep footsteps of his acclaimed design for the Jewish Museum Berlin -- his first major building project, and one of the most visited museums in Europe. He also created the spectacular extension to the Denver Art Museum (completed in 2006), and construction is under way on a massive retail complex on the strip in Las Vegas.
Libeskind's ambitious and highly controversial design for the rebuilt World Trade Center is perhaps his most well known project, and despite almost a decade of political wrangling and bureaucratic whittling, he insists that the final design will retain the spirit of his original renderings.
Daniel Libeskind | Speaker | TED.com