TEDGlobal 2009
Joshua Silver: Adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses
Josh Silver展示可調整度數的液體填充鏡片
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Josh Silver向眾人展示其絕妙的好點子，可以用最低的成本及最簡單的方式來改善視力，也就是可以自行調整度數的液體填充鏡片。在2009年的TEDGlobal中，他展示了這副便宜的眼鏡，並向眾人宣布他希望在2020年前讓十億人戴上這副眼鏡的計畫。
Joshua Silver - Optical innovator
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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我要告訴各位一個目前世人所面對的嚴重問題
00:23
and how it can be solved.
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以及如何解決這個問題
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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在開始前，我想先進行一個實驗
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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如果你有戴眼鏡或隱形眼鏡，請你把手舉起來
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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或是有做過雷射視力矯正手術？
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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嗯，舉手的人數很多，我沒有辦法做很精確的統計
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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但是看起來，我猜，舉手的人大約佔百分之六十
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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因為這大約就是在已開發國家中
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
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做過視力矯正的比例
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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世界衛生組織估計
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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嗯，針對眼鏡的需求，他們做過各式各樣的估計
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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最保守的估計約有一億五千萬人需要眼鏡
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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最高的估計是十億人
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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但是事實上，就我們剛才所做的實驗來看
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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需要矯正視力的人口
01:27
is around half of any population.
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約佔全世界人口的一半以上
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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視力的問題，不僅僅是健康的問題
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
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還是教育問題
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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也是經濟問題，更是生活品質的問題
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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玻璃並不貴，而且產量不虞匱乏
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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問題是沒有足夠的專業人員
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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能夠運用現在已開發國家
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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所提供的視力矯正方案
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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問題就只在於專業人員太少
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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現在投影片上所顯示的是一個驗光師
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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藍色的小人代表一萬個人
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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這是英國的比例
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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這是一個驗光師在非洲撒哈拉沙漠服務人數的比例
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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事實上，在非洲撒哈拉沙漠的某些國家裡
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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有些驗光師得一個人服務八百萬人
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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你會怎麼做？你會怎麼解決這個問題？
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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我想到一個方法
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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我想到利用可調式光學鏡片來解決這個問題
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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也就是你自己製作眼鏡，自己調整度數
02:45
and that solves the problem.
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這樣就解決問題了
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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我要做的是讓你們知道，自己也可以做出一副眼鏡
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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我會告訴你們如何製作一副眼鏡，我先把這個放進口袋
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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我有近視，我看得到走道盡頭有些標誌，但我看不清楚
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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但現在，我能看到一個人往這邊跑
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
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也看到另一個人往那邊跑
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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現在我可以為自己找出適合的鏡片度數
03:18
Next step in my process.
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下一步是...
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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我有適合自己的度數的眼鏡了
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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好了，我做出眼鏡了
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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好了，我調整好度數了
03:39
... I've just ...
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就像我剛才做的
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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我已經製作出自己的眼鏡了，就像這樣
03:54
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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這可不是世界上唯一的一副自製眼鏡
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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事實上，這個技術已經改良很多了
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
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我從1985年開始研究自製眼鏡
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
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進度其實很緩慢
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
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現在已有三萬人在使用了
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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遍及十五個國家，目前正在世界上其他國家推廣
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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我有一個願望，希望與你們分享
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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我希望能改善世人的視力問題
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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我希望能有十億人
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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在2020年前，戴上他們需要的眼鏡
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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目前這只是這項科技的初期樣品
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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這項科技已經又改良了
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
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成本也被降低了
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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這副眼鏡目前的成本是19美金
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
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但我們必須將成本再壓低
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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成本需要再降低的原因是我們希望服務的對象
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
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每天的生活費只有1美金
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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該怎麼解決這個問題呢？
04:57
You start to get into detail.
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有一大堆的細節要處理
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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這張投影片上所顯示的，是目前我們所遭遇到的問題
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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該怎麼配送？該怎麼組裝這副眼鏡？
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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你怎麼讓其他人瞭解他們有視力問題？
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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怎麼解決工業生產的問題？
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
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所有的問題都需要靠研究來解決。
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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我們已經在開發中國家的大學裡
05:22
here in the university.
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設立了視力改善中心
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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若你想得到更多訊息，請上我們的網站查詢，謝謝
05:27
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Silver - Optical innovatorAtomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist.
Why you should listen
Joshua Silver reckons that around half the world's population needs corrective eyewear, yet has no access to it. His ultra-utilitarian spectacle design relies on the principle that the fatter the lens, the more powerful it becomes. The lenses are filled with liquid, and can be adjusted to different strengths by adding or removing fluid from tiny syringes on each arm, then locked to the right strength.
More than 30,000 of his lenses have been distributed in 15 countries, and a new model will scale that number up to millions.
Joshua Silver | Speaker | TED.com