TEDGlobal 2009
Joshua Silver: Adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses
Josh Silver demonstrira prilagodljive naočale ispunjene tekućinom.
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Josh Silver pokazuje svoje briljantno jednostavno rješenje za popravljanje vida uz najmanji mogući trošak -- prilagodljive leće ispunjene tekućinom. Na TEDGlobal 2009, on demonstrira svoje pristupačne naočale i otkriva svoj globalni plan za distribuciju naočala milijardi ljudi kojima trebaju do 2020. godine.
Joshua Silver - Optical innovator
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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Reći ću vam nešto o jednom od najvećih svjetskih problema
00:23
and how it can be solved.
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i kako ga možemo riješiti.
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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Volio bih početi s malim eksperimentom.
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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Možete li podići ruku ako nosite naočale ili leće,
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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ili ako ste obavili refraktivnu lasersku operaciju?
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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Na žalost, previše vas je da bih napravio dobru statističku analizu.
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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Ali izgleda kao – nagađam – da je riječ o oko 60 posto vas u prostoriji
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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jer je to postotak stanovništva u razvijenom svijetu
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
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koji treba neki oblik korekcije vida.
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija procjenjuje --
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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oni rade razne procjene broja ljudi kojima trebaju naočale --
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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najniža procjena je 150 milijuna ljudi.
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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A imaju i drugu procjenu koja kaže milijardu.
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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No, zapravo, tvrdim da smo upravo napravili eksperiment ovdje i sada,
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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koji nam pokazuje da je svjetska potreba za korekcijom vida
01:27
is around half of any population.
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negdje oko polovice stanovništva.
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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A problem slabog vida nije samo zdravstveni,
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
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već i edukacijski problem,
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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a to je i ekonomski problem, kao i problem kvalitete života.
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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Naočale nisu jako skupe. Ima ih mnogo.
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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Problem je u tome što nema dovoljno okulista u svijetu
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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da primijene model isporuke pomagala za korekciju vida
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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kakav imamo mi u razvijenom svijetu.
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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Jednostavno ima premalo okulista.
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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Ovaj mali slajd vam prikazuje okulistu
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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a plavi čovječuljak predstavlja 10.000 ljudi
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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i to je omjer u Velikoj Britaniji.
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ovo je omjer okulista naprema stanovništvu podsaharske Afrike.
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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U stvari, u podsaharskoj Africi ima zemalja
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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u kojima jedan okulist dolazi na osam milijuna stanovnika.
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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Kako postupiti u vezi s ovim? Kako riješiti taj problem?
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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Došao sam do rješenja,
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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i to do rješenja koje se temelji na adaptivnoj optici.
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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Ideja je u tome da napravite naočale i sami ih podesite
02:45
and that solves the problem.
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i to rješava problem.
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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Ono što želim učiniti je pokazati vam da čovjek može načiniti naočale.
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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Sad ću vam pokazati kako ćete napraviti naočale. Stavit ću ovo u džep.
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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Ja sam kratkovidan. Ako gledam natpise na kraju, jedva da ih i vidim.
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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Dakle – OK, sad vidim čovjeka koji tamo trči,
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
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a vidim i tipa koji ondje trči.
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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Sada sam napravio pomagalo za vid po vlastitom receptu.
03:18
Next step in my process.
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Sljedeći korak u mojem procesu.
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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Sada sam napravio naočale po mojem receptu.
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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Dobro, sad sam napravio naočale i...
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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OK, napravio sam naočale prema svojem receptu i...
03:39
... I've just ...
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... samo sam...
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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I sada sam napravio naočale. To je to.
03:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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No, ovo nisu jedine na svijetu.
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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U stvari, tehnologija se razvija.
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
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Počeo sam raditi na ovome 1985.,
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
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i razvijala se vrlo polako.
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
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Sada ih je u uporabi oko 30.000.
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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Ima ih u petnaest zemalja. Raširile su se svijetom.
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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Imam viziju, koju ću podijeliti s vama.
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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Imam globalnu viziju za vid.
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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A ta vizija se sastoji u tome da pokušamo da milijardu ljudi
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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nosi naočale koje im trebaju do godine 2020.
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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Da bismo to postigli – ovo je rani primjer tehnologije.
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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Tehnologija se dalje razvija --
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
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trošak mora pasti.
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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Ove naočale trenutno koštaju oko 19 dolara.
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
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Ali trošak se mora smanjiti.
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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Mora se smanjiti budući da pokušavamo opskrbiti stanovništvo
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
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koje živi od dolara dnevno.
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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Kako riješiti taj problem?
04:57
You start to get into detail.
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Počnete se upuštati u detalje.
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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Na ovom slajdu, u principu objašnjavam sve probleme koji postoje.
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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Kako distribuirati? Kako razraditi ugađanje naočala?
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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Kako postići da ljudi shvate da imaju problem s vidom?
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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Kako surađivati s industrijom?
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
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Odgovor za to je istraživanje.
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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Ono što smo učinili je da smo osnovali Centar za vid za zemlje u razvoju
05:22
here in the university.
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ovdje na sveučilištu.
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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Ako vas zanima više, pogledajte na našoj Internet stranici. Hvala.
05:27
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Silver - Optical innovatorAtomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist.
Why you should listen
Joshua Silver reckons that around half the world's population needs corrective eyewear, yet has no access to it. His ultra-utilitarian spectacle design relies on the principle that the fatter the lens, the more powerful it becomes. The lenses are filled with liquid, and can be adjusted to different strengths by adding or removing fluid from tiny syringes on each arm, then locked to the right strength.
More than 30,000 of his lenses have been distributed in 15 countries, and a new model will scale that number up to millions.
Joshua Silver | Speaker | TED.com