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Victor Rios: Help for kids the education system ignores
Victor Rios: Ajuda pels joves que el sistema educatiu ignora
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"Definim els estudiants pel que aporten, no pel que els manca −especialment en aquells casos que han tingut una infància difícil", diu l'educador Victor Rios. Entrellaçant-ho amb la seva pròpia història personal de perseverança com a jove d'un barri marginal, en Rios identifica tres estratègies simples per canviar les actituds en l'educació i fa una crida als companys educadors per començar a veure els alumnes "en risc" com a individus "prometedors" plens de resiliència, caràcter i coratge.
Victor Rios - Educator, author
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For over a decade,
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Durant més d'una dècada,
00:14
I have studied young people
that have been pushed out of school,
that have been pushed out of school,
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he estudiat els joves que
han estat expulsats de l'escola,
han estat expulsats de l'escola,
00:19
so called "dropouts."
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als que anomenem "desertors escolars".
00:22
As they end up failed
by the education system,
by the education system,
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Com que el sistema educatiu
els ha fallat
els ha fallat
00:25
they're on the streets
where they're vulnerable to violence,
where they're vulnerable to violence,
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acaben als carrers,
on són vulnerables a la violència,
on són vulnerables a la violència,
00:29
police harassment,
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l'assetjament policial,
00:30
police brutality
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la brutalitat policial
00:32
and incarceration.
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i l'empresonament.
00:34
I follow these young people
for years at a time,
for years at a time,
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He seguit aquests joves
de vegades durant anys,
de vegades durant anys,
00:38
across institutional settings,
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en el seu pas per les institucions,
00:41
to try to understand what some of us call
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
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per provar d'entendre el que s'anomena
"el camí de l'escola a la presó"
"el camí de l'escola a la presó"
00:48
When you look at a picture like this,
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Si mireu una imatge com aquesta,
00:50
of young people who are in my study ...
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de joves del meu estudi,
00:55
you might see trouble.
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hi podeu veure problemes.
00:56
I mean one of the boys
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
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Un té una botella de licor a la mà,
01:01
he's 14 years old
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té 14 anys
01:03
and it's a school day.
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i és un dia de classe.
01:05
Other people, when they see this picture,
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Altres, quan veuen aquesta imatge,
01:07
might see gangs,
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pensen en bandes,
01:10
thugs, delinquents --
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mafiosos, delinqüents,
01:12
criminals.
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criminals.
01:13
But I see it different.
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Però jo ho veig de forma diferent.
01:16
I see these young people
through a perspective
through a perspective
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Jo veig aquests joves
des d'una perspectiva
des d'una perspectiva
01:19
that looks at the assets
that they bring to the education system.
that they bring to the education system.
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que es fixa en el que aporten
al sistema educatiu.
al sistema educatiu.
01:24
So will you join me in changing
the way we label young people
the way we label young people
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M'ajudaran vostès a canviar
la manera en què etiquetem els joves
la manera en què etiquetem els joves
01:29
from "at-risk" to "at-promise?"
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de "en risc" a "prometedors"?
01:34
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
01:41
How do I know that these young people
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Com sé jo que aquests joves
01:43
have the potential
and the promise to change?
and the promise to change?
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tenen el potencial
i la promesa de canviar?
i la promesa de canviar?
01:47
I know this because I am one of them.
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Ho sé perquè sóc un d'ells.
01:50
You see, I grew up
in dire poverty in the inner city,
in dire poverty in the inner city,
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Jo em vaig criar en una zona marginal,
en la pobresa absoluta,
en la pobresa absoluta,
01:55
without a father --
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sense pare
01:56
he abandoned me before I was even born.
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−em va abandonar abans de néixer.
01:59
We were on welfare,
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Depeníem de l'assistència social,
02:01
sometimes homeless,
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a vegades sense llar,
02:02
many times hungry.
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i molts cops passant gana.
02:04
By the time I was 15 years old,
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Quan tenia 15 anys,
02:07
I had been incarcerated in juvy
three times for three felonies.
three times for three felonies.
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ja havia estat en un reformatori
tres vegades per tres delictes diferents.
tres vegades per tres delictes diferents.
02:12
My best friend had already been killed.
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El meu amic ja havia estat assassinat.
02:15
And soon after,
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I poc després,
02:17
while I'm standing next to my uncle,
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mentre estava just
al costat del meu oncle,
al costat del meu oncle,
02:19
he gets shot.
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li van clavar un tret.
02:21
And as I'm waiting
for the ambulance to arrive
for the ambulance to arrive
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I mentre esperava
que arribés l'ambulància
que arribés l'ambulància
02:24
for over an hour ...
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durant una hora...
02:28
he bleeds to death on the street.
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es va dessagnar al mig del carrer.
02:32
I had lost faith and hope in the world,
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Jo havia perdut la fe i l'esperança,
02:36
and I had given up on the system
because the system had failed me.
because the system had failed me.
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i ja havia llençat la tovallola,
perquè el sistema m'havia fallat.
perquè el sistema m'havia fallat.
02:40
I had nothing to offer
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No tenia res a oferir
02:42
and no one had anything to offer me.
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i ningú tenia res a oferir-me.
02:47
I was fatalistic.
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Estava resignat.
02:48
I didn't even think
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
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Ni tan sols pensava
que pogués arribar a fer-ne 18.
que pogués arribar a fer-ne 18.
02:52
The reason I'm here today
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La raó per la qual sóc avui aquí
02:54
is because a teacher
that cared reached out
that cared reached out
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és perquè una professora
a qui li importava, se'm va apropar
a qui li importava, se'm va apropar
02:59
and managed to tap into my soul.
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i se les manegà per arribar-me a l'ànima.
03:03
This teacher,
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Aquesta professora,
03:04
Ms. Russ ...
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la Sra. Russ...
03:07
she was the kind of teacher
that was always in your business.
that was always in your business.
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era d'aquells profes que sempre
posava el nas en els teus assumptes.
posava el nas en els teus assumptes.
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
03:14
She was the kind of teacher that was like,
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Era d'aquell tipus de profe que et diu:
03:16
"Victor, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Victor, sóc aquí per ajudar-te
quan estiguis a punt."
quan estiguis a punt."
03:19
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
03:21
I wasn't ready.
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Jo no estava a punt.
03:23
But she understood one basic principle
about young people like me.
about young people like me.
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Però ella va entendre una regla bàsica
sobre joves com jo:
sobre joves com jo:
03:27
We're like oysters.
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som com ostres.
03:29
We're only going to open up
when we're ready,
when we're ready,
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Només ens obrim quan estem a punt,
03:32
and if you're not there when we're ready,
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i si no hi ets quan estem a punt,
03:35
we're going to clam back up.
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ens tornem a tancar.
03:38
Ms. Russ was there for me.
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La Sra. Russ hi era per mi.
03:40
She was culturally relevant,
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Era culturalment rellevant,
03:42
she respected my community,
my people, my family.
my people, my family.
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respectava la meva comunitat,
la meva gent, la meva família.
la meva gent, la meva família.
03:46
I told her a story about my Uncle Ruben.
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Li vaig explicar la història
del meu oncle Ruben.
del meu oncle Ruben.
03:50
He would take me to work with him
because I was broke,
because I was broke,
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Em solia dur a la feina amb ell
perquè jo estava pelat,
perquè jo estava pelat,
03:52
and he knew I needed some money.
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i ell sabia que jo necessitava diners.
03:54
He collected glass bottles for a living.
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Recollia ampolles de vidre buides.
03:58
Four in the morning on a school day,
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A les 4 del matí d'un dia de classe,
04:00
we'd throw the glass bottles
in the back of his van,
in the back of his van,
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llençàvem les ampolles
al darrere de la seva furgo,
al darrere de la seva furgo,
04:03
and the bottles would break.
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i les ampolles es trencaven.
04:05
And my hands and arms would start to bleed
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Les meves mans i braços
començaven a sagnar
començaven a sagnar
04:07
and my tennis shoes and pants
would get all bloody.
would get all bloody.
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i les meves sabatilles i pantalons
s'omplien de sang.
s'omplien de sang.
04:12
And I was terrified and in pain,
and I would stop working.
and I would stop working.
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I jo estava aterrat i adolorit,
i volia deixar la feina.
i volia deixar la feina.
04:16
And my uncle, he would look me in the eyes
and he would say to me,
and he would say to me,
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Però el meu oncle em mirava als ulls
i em deia:
i em deia:
04:20
"Mijo,
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"Fill meu,
04:21
estamos buscando vida."
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ens estem buscant la vida."
04:25
"We're searching for a better life,
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"Estem buscant una vida millor,
04:27
we're trying to make
something out of nothing."
something out of nothing."
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estem intentant fer alguna cosa
del no-res."
del no-res."
04:32
Ms. Russ listened to my story,
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La Sra. Russ va escoltar
la meva història,
la meva història,
04:35
welcomed it into the classroom and said,
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em va convidar a explicar-ho a classe
i em va dir:
i em va dir:
04:38
"Victor, this is your power.
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"Victor, aquest és el teu poder.
04:40
This is your potential.
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Aquest és el teu potencial.
04:42
Your family, your culture, your community
have taught you a hard-work ethic
have taught you a hard-work ethic
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La teva família, cultura i comunitat
t'han ensenyat una ètica del treball
t'han ensenyat una ètica del treball
04:48
and you will use it to empower
yourself in the academic world
yourself in the academic world
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que faràs servir per empoderar-te
al món acadèmic,
al món acadèmic,
04:53
so you can come back
and empower your community."
and empower your community."
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de forma que podràs tornar
i empoderar la teva comunitat."
i empoderar la teva comunitat."
04:58
With Ms. Russ's help,
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Amb l'ajuda de la Sra. Russ,
05:00
I ended up returning to school.
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vaig acabar tornant a l'institut.
05:03
I even finished my credits on time
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Fins i tot vaig acabar
les meves assignatures a temps
les meves assignatures a temps
05:07
and graduated with my class.
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i em vaig graduar amb la meva classe.
05:10
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
05:17
But Ms. Russ said to me
right before graduation,
right before graduation,
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Però la Sra. Russ em va dir
just abans de graduar-me:
just abans de graduar-me:
05:20
"Victor, I'm so proud of you.
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"Victor, estic tan orgullosa de tu.
05:23
I knew you could do it.
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Sabia que podies fer-ho.
05:25
Now it's time to go to college."
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Ara és hora d'anar a la universitat."
05:28
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:31
College, me?
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A la universitat, jo?
05:32
Man, what is this teacher smoking
thinking I'm going to college?
thinking I'm going to college?
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Què coi s'ha fumat aquesta profe
per pensar que aniré a la uni?
per pensar que aniré a la uni?
05:36
I applied with the mentors
and support she provided,
and support she provided,
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Vaig fer la sol·licitud amb els mentors
i el suport que em va donar,
i el suport que em va donar,
05:40
got a letter of acceptance,
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vaig rebre una carta d'admissió,
05:43
and one of the paragraphs read,
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i en un dels paràgrafs hi deia:
05:45
"You've been admitted
under probationary status."
under probationary status."
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"Vostè ha estat admès
de forma provisional."
de forma provisional."
05:49
I said, "Probation?
I'm already on probation,
I'm already on probation,
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I em vaig dir: "Provisional?
Ja tinc la condicional,
Ja tinc la condicional,
05:51
that don't matter?"
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això no compta?".
05:53
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:54
It was academic probation,
not criminal probation.
not criminal probation.
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Parlaven de quelcom acadèmic,
no criminal.
no criminal.
05:59
But what do teachers like Ms. Russ
do to succeed with young people
do to succeed with young people
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Què fan els profes com la Sra. Russ
per manegar-se-les amb joves
per manegar-se-les amb joves
06:03
like the ones I study?
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com als que jo estudio?
06:05
I propose three strategies.
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Jo proposo tres estratègies.
06:07
The first:
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La primera:
06:08
let's get rid of our
deficit perspective in education.
deficit perspective in education.
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desfem-nos de la nostra perspectiva
de mancances en l'educació.
de mancances en l'educació.
06:12
"These people
come from a culture of violence,
come from a culture of violence,
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"Aquesta gent
vénen d'una cultura violenta,
vénen d'una cultura violenta,
06:15
a culture of poverty.
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una cultura pobra.
06:16
These people are at-risk;
these people are truant.
these people are truant.
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Estan en risc,
no van a classe.
no van a classe.
06:18
These people are empty containers
for us to fill with knowledge.
for us to fill with knowledge.
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Són com envasos buits
que hem d'omplir de coneixements.
que hem d'omplir de coneixements.
06:25
They have the problems,
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Ells tenen problemes,
06:26
we have the solutions."
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nosaltres tenim solucions.".
06:30
Number two.
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Número 2:
06:31
Let's value the stories that young people
bring to the schoolhouse.
bring to the schoolhouse.
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Valorem les històries
que aquests joves aporten a l'escola.
que aquests joves aporten a l'escola.
06:37
Their stories of overcoming
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
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Les seves històries de superació
de l'impossible són molt poderoses.
de l'impossible són molt poderoses.
06:43
And I know you know some of these stories.
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I sé que coneixen
algunes d'aquestes històries.
algunes d'aquestes històries.
06:48
These very same stories and experiences
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Aquestes mateixes històries
i experiències
i experiències
06:52
already have grit, character
and resilience in them.
and resilience in them.
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ja contenen coratge, caràcter
i resiliència en si mateixes.
i resiliència en si mateixes.
06:57
So let's help young people
refine those stories.
refine those stories.
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Així que, ajudem els joves a
polir aquestes històries.
polir aquestes històries.
07:00
Let's help them be proud of who they are,
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Fem-los sentir orgullosos
de si mateixos,
de si mateixos,
07:02
because our education system
welcomes their families, their cultures,
welcomes their families, their cultures,
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perquè el nostre sistema educatiu
acull les seves famílies, cultures,
acull les seves famílies, cultures,
07:06
their communities
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comunitats
07:08
and the skill set
they've learned to survive.
they've learned to survive.
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i les habilitats
que han après per sobreviure.
que han après per sobreviure.
07:11
And of course the third strategy
being the most important:
being the most important:
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I per descomptat, la tercera estratègia
és la més important:
és la més important:
07:15
resources.
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recursos.
07:17
We have to provide
adequate resources to young people.
adequate resources to young people.
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Hem de proporcionar
els recursos adequats pels joves.
els recursos adequats pels joves.
07:22
Grit alone isn't going to cut it.
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El coratge per si mateix
no serveix de res.
no serveix de res.
07:26
You can sit there
and tell me all you want,
and tell me all you want,
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Us podeu asseure
i dir-me tot el que vulgueu:
i dir-me tot el que vulgueu:
07:28
"Hey man, pick yourself up
by the bootstraps."
by the bootstraps."
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"Ei, tu, és la teva vida:
agafa el toro per les banyes.".
agafa el toro per les banyes.".
07:31
But if I was born
without any straps on my boots --
without any straps on my boots --
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Però i si no hi ha banyes
on agafar-me...
on agafar-me...
07:34
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
07:35
How am I supposed to pick myself up?
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Com se suposa que ho he de fer?
07:37
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
07:45
Job training,
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Formació professional,
07:46
mentoring,
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assessorament,
07:48
counseling ...
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orientació...
07:49
Teaching young people
to learn from their mistakes
to learn from their mistakes
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Ensenyar els joves
a aprendre dels seus errors
a aprendre dels seus errors
07:52
instead of criminalizing them,
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en comptes de criminalitzar-los,
07:54
and dragging them out
of their classrooms like animals.
of their classrooms like animals.
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i d'arrossegar-los fora
de les aules com si fossin animals.
de les aules com si fossin animals.
07:59
How about this?
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Què els sembla això?
08:00
I propose that we implement restorative
justice in every high school in America.
justice in every high school in America.
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Proposo implantar la justícia
rehabilitadora als instituts dels EUA.
rehabilitadora als instituts dels EUA.
08:06
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
08:13
So we went out to test these ideas
in the community of Watts in LA
in the community of Watts in LA
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Vam posar a prova aquestes idees
a la comunitat de Watts a Los Angeles
a la comunitat de Watts a Los Angeles
08:19
with 40 young people
that had been pushed out of school.
that had been pushed out of school.
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amb 40 joves que havien estat expulsats
del sistema escolar.
del sistema escolar.
08:22
William was one of them.
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En William era un d'ells.
08:24
William was the kind of kid
that had been given every label.
that had been given every label.
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En William era un d'aquells nois
a qui li havien posat totes les etiquetes.
a qui li havien posat totes les etiquetes.
08:28
He had dropped out, he was a gang member,
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Era desertor escolar, membre d'una banda,
08:32
a criminal.
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un criminal.
08:34
And when we met him he was very resistant.
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I quan ens vam trobar, es mostrà reticent.
08:36
But I remember what Ms. Russ used to say.
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Però vaig recordar
el que la Sra. Russ solia dir:
el que la Sra. Russ solia dir:
08:39
"Hey, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Ei, sóc aquí per quan estigui a punt.".
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
08:44
So over time --
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Així que, amb el temps,
08:46
over time he began to open up.
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amb el temps, es començà a obrir.
08:48
And I remember the day
that he made the switch.
that he made the switch.
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I me'n recordo del dia que va fer el clic.
08:51
We were in a large group
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Estàvem en un grup gran
08:53
and a young lady in our program was crying
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i una noia del programa estava plorant
08:56
because she told us her powerful story
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mentre explicava
la seva història poderosa:
la seva història poderosa:
09:00
of her dad being killed
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la de l'assassinat del seu pare
09:03
and then his body being shown
in the newspaper the next day.
in the newspaper the next day.
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i l'exposició del seu cadàver
als diaris l'endemà.
als diaris l'endemà.
09:11
And as she's crying,
I don't know what to do,
I don't know what to do,
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I mentre ella plorava,
jo no sabia què fer,
jo no sabia què fer,
09:14
so I give her her space,
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així que li vaig donar el seu temps,
09:15
and William had enough.
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i en William no es pogué aguantar.
09:18
He slammed his hands
on the desk and he said,
on the desk and he said,
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Va donar un cop
a la taula i va dir:
a la taula i va dir:
09:21
"Hey, everybody! Group hug! Group hug!"
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"Ei, tots! Una abraçada en grup!
Una abraçada en grup!".
Una abraçada en grup!".
09:27
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
09:35
This young lady's tears and pain
turned into joy and laughter
turned into joy and laughter
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Les llàgrimes i dolor d'aquella noia
es convertiren en alegria i rialles,
es convertiren en alegria i rialles,
09:41
knowing that her community had her back,
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sabent que la seva comunitat
l'havia ajudat,
l'havia ajudat,
09:45
and William had now learned
that he did have a purpose in life:
that he did have a purpose in life:
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i en William va aprendre
que tenia un objectiu a la vida:
que tenia un objectiu a la vida:
09:50
to help to heal the souls
of people in his own community.
of people in his own community.
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ajudar a curar les ànimes
de la gent de la seva comunitat.
de la gent de la seva comunitat.
09:56
He told us his story.
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Ell ens explicà la seva història.
09:58
We refined his story
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La vam polir
10:00
to go from being the story of a victim
to being the story of a survivor
to being the story of a survivor
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perquè deixés de ser la història
d'una víctima, per ser la d'un supervivent
d'una víctima, per ser la d'un supervivent
10:04
that has overcome adversity.
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que havia superat l'adversitat.
10:07
We placed high value on it.
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Li vam donar un gran valor.
10:09
William went on to finish high school,
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En William va continuar
fins a acabar a l'institut,
fins a acabar a l'institut,
10:14
get his security guard certificate
to become a security guard,
to become a security guard,
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va obtenir la seva llicència
de guarda de seguretat
de guarda de seguretat
10:19
and is now working
at a local school district.
at a local school district.
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i avui dia treballa
en una escola de barri.
en una escola de barri.
10:23
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
10:31
Ms. Russ's mantra --
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El mantra de la Sra. Russ,
10:33
her mantra was always,
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el seu mantra sempre fou:
10:35
"when you teach to the heart,
the mind will follow."
the mind will follow."
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"Quan ensenyes el cor,
la ment el seguirà."
la ment el seguirà."
10:42
The great writer Khalil Gibran says,
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El gran escriptor Khalil Gibran diu:
10:47
"Out of suffering
have emerged the greatest souls.
have emerged the greatest souls.
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"Del sofriment
han sorgit les grans ànimes.
han sorgit les grans ànimes.
10:52
The massive characters
are seared with scars."
are seared with scars."
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els caràcters més sòlids
estan farcits de cicatrius."
estan farcits de cicatrius."
10:58
I believe that in this education
revolution that we're talking about
revolution that we're talking about
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Crec que en aquesta revolució educativa
de què estem parlant,
de què estem parlant,
11:03
we need to invite the souls
of the young people that we work with,
of the young people that we work with,
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hem de convidar les ànimes
dels joves amb què treballem,
dels joves amb què treballem,
11:08
and once they're able to refine --
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i un cop són capaços de refinar,
11:10
identify their grit,
resilience and character
resilience and character
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identificar el seu coratge,
resiliència i caràcter
resiliència i caràcter
11:14
that they've already developed --
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que ja han desenvolupat,
11:17
their academic performance will improve.
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el seu rendiment acadèmic millorarà.
11:23
Let's believe in young people.
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Hem de creure en els joves.
11:25
Let's provide them
the right kinds of resources.
the right kinds of resources.
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Hem de proporcionar-los
els recursos adequats.
els recursos adequats.
11:29
I'll tell you what my teacher did for me.
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Els diré què va fer
la meva professora per mi.
la meva professora per mi.
11:31
She believed in me so much
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Va creure en mi de tal forma
11:35
that she tricked me
into believing in myself.
into believing in myself.
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que em va enganyar perquè
cregués en mi mateix.
cregués en mi mateix.
11:39
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
11:40
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Victor Rios - Educator, authorVictor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion.
Why you should listen
Based on over a decade of research, Dr. Victor Rios created Project GRIT (Generating Resilience to Inspire Transformation) a human development program that works with educators to refine leadership, civic engagement and personal and academic empowerment in young people placed at-risk.
Rios is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in comparative ethnic studies from the University of California, Berkeley in 2005. His book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys discusses the many ways in which young urban males of color encounter the youth control complex: a ubiquitous system of punitive social control embedded in what has come to be known as the school-to-prison pipeline.
Victor Rios | Speaker | TED.com