Rutger Bregman: Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash
Rutger Bregman: فقر ضعف شخصیت نیست فقط ضعف مالی است
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so many poor decisions?
کمتر ورزش میکنند و الکلی هستند
که توسط خانم مارگارت تاتچر
Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.
جمع آوری شده به این منجر شد که
"a personality defect."
would be so blunt.
wrong with the poor themselves
should be held responsible
مقصرند و نظر بعضی های دیگر
help them to make better decisions.
تصمیم گیریهاشون کمک کنیم
how to live their lives,
چطور زندگی میکردند؟
that I discovered
about poverty was wrong.
stumbled upon a paper
all the way to India,
کیلومتر آن طرف تر
with sugarcane farmers.
collect about 60 percent
poor one part of the year
an IQ test before and after the harvest.
من رو متحیر کرد این بود که
completely blew my mind.
on the test before the harvest.
in poverty, it turns out,
to losing a night's sleep
I heard that Eldar Shafir,
and one of the authors of this study,
new theory of poverty.
انقلابیش درباره فقر صحبت کنیم.
behave differently
doesn't much matter --
money or food.
to your immediate lack --
in five minutes
که تا پنج دقیقه دیگه دارید.
to be paid tomorrow.
محدود به یک پنجره میشه
goes out the window.
جدید مقایسش کنید.
رو همزمان اجرا میکنه.
زیادی داره که باید انجام بده
because they are dumb,
چونکه احمقاند
(کارهای زیادی داره که باید انجام بدهند)
programs don't work.
مبارزه با فقر جواب نمیده
are often completely ineffective.
آموزشی اغلب بی اثر هستند.
of money-management training
that it has almost no effect at all.
افراد کم درآمد چیزی یاد نمیگیرند
don't learn anything --
this all out decades ago.
قبل تر متوجه شویم که
any complicated brain scans;
اسکن پیچیده از مغز نداشتند.
IQکشاورزان رو محاسبه کنند.
more that 100 years ago.
the psychology of poverty before.
متوجه روانشناسی فقر شده بودم
بزرگترین نویسندگان این بحث
writers who ever lived,
firsthand in the 1920s.
he wrote back then,
موهبت خواهند دید و شما را نصحت میکنند،
they have the right to preach at you
پایین تر ازحد معمول میرسه
below a certain level."
as resonant today.
a few solutions up their sleeves.
with their paperwork
کاغذ بازی هایشان کمک کنیم
to remind them to pay their bills.
برای تاخیر در پرداخت قبوض بدیم
with modern politicians,
سیاست های امروزی خیلی رایجه
a symbol of this era
در آن زندگی میکنند تغییر ندهیم؟
in which the poor live?
with the software
by installing some extra memory instead?
نصب کردن حافظه اضافی به جای هزینه کردن
responded with a blank look.
more money to the poor
of left-wing politics
an old-fashioned, leftist idea?
راجع به یک برنامه قدیمی خوندم،
by some of history's leading thinkers.
و رهبر تاریخی ارایه شده بود.
این را در کتاب « مدینه فاضله»
first hinted at it in his book, "Utopia,"
the spectrum from the left to the right,
Martin Luther King,
آن را گسترش دادند.
for your basic needs:
what you have to do for it,
که مجبورید چیکار کنید
what you have to do with it.
is not a favor, but a right.
رو هم به همراه ندارد
nature of poverty,
we've all been waiting for?
حد اقل کمک مالی خوندم
about basic income.
all over the globe,
upon a story of a town
had actually eradicated poverty.
این حداقل کمک درآمد رو دریافت میکردند.
was guaranteed a basic income,
که هیچ کس زیر خط فقر نیست
below the poverty line.
descended on the town.
was voted into power,
little point to the expensive experiment.
که پولی برای تحلیل و بررسی نیست
no money left to analyze the results,
their files away in some 2,000 boxes.
a Canadian professor,
و داده ها رو بررسی کرد.
to all manner of statistical analysis,
a resounding success.
had not only become richer
improved substantially.
by as much as 8.5 percent.
were new mothers and students --
و دانش آموزان کم سن وسال کمتر کار نمیکردند
around the globe,
که بیشتر حالیشون میشه
pretending we know best.
and teddy bears to the poor,
industry of paternalistic bureaucrats
حقوقشان را زیاد کنیم
hand over their salaries
thing about money
رو بخرند که نیاز دارند
to buy things they need
experts think they need.
راضی براشون تصمیم بگیرند.
and entrepreneurs and writers,
از این راه بیرون میان؟
and talent we would unleash
like venture capital for the people.
کمک مالی مثل جرات واسه مردمه
فقر بچه های آمریکا نگاهی بندازیم.
in the US, for example.
dollars each year,
spending, higher dropout rates,
of human potential.
the elephant in the room.
کمک مالی رو تضمین کنیم؟
a basic income guarantee?
از چیزی است که فکرمیکنید.
than you may think.
که با مالیات منفی آنها را تامین مالی کردند.
with a negative income tax.
below the poverty line.
best estimates,
one percent of GDP --
ضعیف رو به بالای خط فقر آورد.
above the poverty line.
and little nudges is past.
ایده های جدید فرا رسیده
for radical new ideas,
مهمتر از سیاست های دیگه است.
than just another policy.
of what work actually is.
meaning or significance.
actually like their job.
as 37 percent of British workers
شغلها حتی نیاز به وجودشان نیست
doesn't even need to exist.
در فیلم باشگاه مشتزنی عنوان کرده.
so we can buy shit we don't need."
پس چیزی رو میخریم که بهش نیاز نداریم.
and the garbagemen
حقوق های خیلی بالا با رزومه فوق العاده دارند
professionals with excellent résumés
add-on of disruptive co-creation
talent we're wasting,
چقدر آدم مستعد رو داریم از دست میذیم
they'll have to "earn a living."
میگیم آنها مجبورند برای زندگی پس انداز کنند
at Facebook lamented a few years ago:
که در فیسبوک چند سال پیش انجام شد:
to make people click ads."
رو به کلیک کردن برای تبلیغات قانع کنند.
و اقتصادمان را شکل دادیم
and economy right now.
in the past few years,
may feel pessimistic
to know what we're against.
"I have a nightmare."
is not determined
to prepare you for another useless job
برای شغل بی خاصیت نیست
without poverty is not a privilege
we've got the evidence
مدارک داریم
first wrote about a basic income,
که در باره حد اقل کمک مالی نوشت
discovered the true nature of poverty,
متوجه ذات فقر شد میگذره
is not a lack of character.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rutger Bregman - HistorianRutger Bregman is the author of "Utopia for Realists."
Why you should listen
Rutger Bregman is one of Europe's most prominent young thinkers. The 28-year-old historian and author has published four books on history, philosophy and economics. His book Utopia for Realists -- on universal basic income and other radical ideas -- has been translated in more than 20 languages. His work has been featured in The Washington Post and The Guardian and on the BBC.
Rutger Bregman | Speaker | TED.com