Aala El-Khani: What it's like to be a parent in a war zone
Аала Эль-Хани: Как воспитывать ребёнка на войне
Aala El-Khani explores the needs of families affected by war and displacement and the mental health of children who have experienced armed conflict. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
experience armed conflict.
переживают вооружённые конфликты.
из своей страны,
to flee their country,
становятся беженцами.
and vulnerable victims ...
и уязвимыми жертвами...
физической безопасности,
the obvious physical dangers,
that wars have on their families.
влияния войны на их семьи.
leave children at a real high risk
of emotional and behavioral problems.
и поведенческих проблем.
that children receive in their families
благосостояние больше,
effect on their well-being
that they have been exposed to.
хорошим воспитанием
during and after conflict.
на первом курсе аспирантуры
School of Psychological Sciences.
в Университете Манчестера.
unfold in front of me on the TV.
по телевизору.
несколько членов семьи
in really horrifying ways.
обстоятельствах.
что показывают по телевизору.
and watch the TV.
and running that really got me the most,
кричащие и убегающие,
terrified-looking children.
typically inquisitive children.
любознательных детей.
asked lots and lots of questions,
много вопросов,
what it might be like
in a war zone and a refugee camp.
и лагере беженцев.
happy eyes lose their shine?
глаза моей дочери этот блеск?
nature become fearful and withdrawn?
пугливым и замкнутым?
по подготовке родителей,
with skills in caring for their children
навыкам ухода за детьми
на состояние детей.
on their well-being,
be useful for families
быть полезны семьям,
в военных зонах и лагерях беженцев?
or refugee camps?
with advice or training
с советом или обучением,
through these struggles?
научному руководителю
to make some change in the real world.
с целью изменить мир.
what exactly I wanted to do.
и это многое для тебя значит,
and it means so much to you,
программы подготовки родителей
in these contexts."
myself and my colleagues --
и доктором Ким Картрайт,
on ways to support families
war and displacement.
that have been through conflict
пережившим конфликт,
to ask them what they're struggling with,
каковы их основные проблемы,
that are the most vulnerable,
we know exactly the right thing
что наверняка знаем, как помочь кому-либо,
without actually asking them first?
in Syria and in Turkey,
в Сирии и Турции,
это брать их за руки
in silent crying and prayer.
harsh refugee camp conditions
жёстких условиях лагеря,
на чём угодно, кроме главных потребностей,
on anything but practical chores
their children withdraw;
как их дети становились замкнутыми:
fear of loud noises,
what we had been watching on the TV.
что мы видим по телевидению.
вдовы военнослужащих
were now widows of war,
живы ли их мужья,
if their husbands were dead or alive --
they were coping so badly.
and they had no idea how to help them.
и не знали, как им помочь.
their children's questions.
как ответить на вопросы детей.
and so motivational
so motivated to support their children.
поддерживать своих детей.
с которыми они сталкивались,
at seeking support from NGO workers,
неправительственных организаций,
in a camp for four days,
которая пробыла в лагере всего 4 дня,
for her eight-year-old daughter
для своей восьмилетней дочери,
are almost always useless.
эти попытки тщетны.
for basic parenting supports.
для простой поддержки родителей.
are just like them --
и тоже сталкиваются с новыми проблемами.
who's struggling with new needs.
much bigger than they could cope with.
чем им это было под силу.
to reach families on an individual level.
поддержать каждого члена семьи.
at a population level
на уровне всего населения
негосударственных организаций
information leaflets via bread wrappers --
для родителей на упаковке хлеба,
to families in a conflict zone in Syria
в зонах конфликта в Сирии
at all in their appearance,
никак не изменила внешний вид
of two pieces of paper.
that had basic advice and information
с общими советами и информацией,
what they might be experiencing,
might be experiencing.
support themselves and their children,
как помочь себе и своим детям,
time talking to your child,
was a feedback questionnaire,
of delivering psychological first aid
первой психологической помощи,
secure, loving parenting?
надёжное и любящее воспитание?
3,000 of these in just one week.
3 000 копий всего за одну неделю.
we had a 60 percent response rate.
families responded.
researchers we have here today,
rate is fantastic.
would be a huge achievement,
был бы больши́м успехом,
these kinds of messages were to families.
насколько это было важно семьям.
for the return of the questionnaires.
и с нетерпением ждали результатов анкет.
hundreds of messages --
и вдохновляющих.
about us and our children."
и наших детей».
the potential means
first aid to families,
using other means
через другие продукты,
or female hygiene kits,
средства гигиены для женщин
on every single one of us.
of statistics and of photos,
статистикой и фотографиями,
had reached Europe.
добрались до Европы.
our children's schools.
to meet the needs of European refugees,
под нужны европейских беженцев.
refugee influx.
на сайт шведской системы здравоохранения,
uploaded it onto their website,
and other parents
psychological first-aid messages.
к первой психологической помощи.
hard floor of a refugee camp tent
твёрдом полу лагерной палатки.
занятие для целевой группы.
as I was conducting a focus group.
a 13-year-old girl lying beside her,
лежала 13-летняя девочка,
throughout the focus group,
на протяжении всего занятия,
curled up against her chest.
the mothers for their time,
while pointing at the young girl,
показала на девочку
confused and unengaged,
очень смущённо и безучастно,
for the Arabic female name, Hala,
от арабского женского имени Хала,
to refer to really young girls.
к очень маленьким девочкам.
Hala was probably much older than 13.
Хала, вероятно, гораздо старше 13.
mother to three young children.
матерью троих маленьких детей.
bright, bubbly, loving, caring mother
любящей и заботливой матерью
being dropped in her town;
were flying around their building,
кружили над их домом,
terrified from the noise.
and cover her children's ears
и отчаянно закрывала детям уши,
in some kind of safety,
должно быть, в безопасности,
to acting like her old childhood self.
with a really tough ending,
с очень жестоким финалом,
armed conflict and displacement
эмоциональными трудностям.
a devastating time in your life,
что-нибудь ужасное в жизни,
or something you really care about,
или что-нибудь дорогое для вас,
to care for yourself and for your family?
о себе и своей семье?
of a child's life are crucial
в жизни ребёнка являются решающими
and emotional development,
и эмоционального развития,
are experiencing armed conflict --
до сих пор переживают военные конфликты,
joining our communities --
присоединяются к нашим сообществам,
who are experiencing war and displacement.
и вынужденное переселение.
these families' needs --
должны быть на первом месте,
and those who are refugees worldwide.
так и беженцев по всему миру.
by NGO workers, policy makers,
политических деятелей,
and every single one of us
that we function in our society.
the individual faces of the conflict,
отдельные лица на карте войны,
those intricate emotions on their faces,
сложные эмоции на их лицах,
the needs of these families,
на первое место,
in humanitarian settings
станут приоритетными
role of the family in supporting children.
поддержки детей.
зазвучит звонким и уверенным голосом
will be shouting loud and clear
to enter social service systems
с социальными службами
would have had support earlier on.
будет оказана помощь.
who are joining our communities.
присоединяется к нашим сообществам.
can dream of planes dropping gifts,
будут сниться самолёты с подарками,
raging throughout the world,
вооружённые конфликты по всему миру,
and caregiver support,
поддержки родителей,
between war and psychological difficulties
между войной и психическими проблемами
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aala El-Khani - Humanitarian psychologistAala El-Khani explores the needs of families affected by war and displacement and the mental health of children who have experienced armed conflict.
Why you should listen
Dr. Aala El-Khani develops and researches innovative ways to reach families that have experienced conflict with parenting support and training. She has conducted prize-winning field research with refugee families and families in conflict zones, exploring their parenting challenges and the positive impact parenting support can provide. Her work has significantly contributed to an agenda of producing materials which together form psychological first aid for families affected by conflict and displacement.
El-Khani s a humanitarian psychologist, and she works as a consultant for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime as well as a Research Associate at the University of Manchester at the Division of Psychology and Mental Health. Her current work collaborates the efforts of the UNODC and the University of Manchester in developing and evaluating family skills programs in countries such as Afghanistan, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.
El-Khani is passionate about highlighting the significant role that caregivers play in protecting their children during conflict and displacement. She has trained NGO workers, school teachers and affected families internationally on family skills and research methods.
Aala El-Khani | Speaker | TED.com