TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
Angela Lee Duckworth: Ključ do uspeha? Zagrizenost
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Angela Lee Duckworth je zapustila perspektivno službo v svetovanju in se zaposlila kot učiteljica matematike v sedmem razredu javne šole v New York-u. Kmalu je ugotovila, da IQ ni bil edini, ki je uspešne učence ločeval od tistih, ki so delali z muko. V tem predavanju razlaga svojo teorijo o "zagrizenosti" kot napovedniku uspeha.
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Ko sem bila stara 27 let,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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sem pustila zelo zahtevno svetovalno službo
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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in jo zamenjala za še zahtevnejšo: učenje.
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
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Šla sem učit matematiko v sedmi razred
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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v javno šolo v New Yorku.
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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Kot vsak učitelj sem pripravila
kvize in kotrolne naloge.
kvize in kotrolne naloge.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Razdelila sem domače naloge.
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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Ko so jih oddali, sem jih ocenila.
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
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Kar me je presenetilo, je, da inteligenčni
količnik (IQ) ni bil edina razlika
količnik (IQ) ni bil edina razlika
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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med najboljšimi in najslabšimi učenci.
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
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Med najuspešnejšimi
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
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niso bili le geniji z
astronomsko visokim IQ-jem.
astronomsko visokim IQ-jem.
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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In nekaterim od najpametnejših
otrok ni šlo najbolje.
otrok ni šlo najbolje.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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To mi je dalo misliti.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Stvari, ki se jih je potrebno naučiti
pri matematiki v sedmem razredu,
pri matematiki v sedmem razredu,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
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so - brez dvoma - zahtevne:
ulomki, decimalna števila,
ulomki, decimalna števila,
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
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površina paralelograma.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Ni pa jih nemogoče osvojiti
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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in bila sem trdno prepričana,
da bi se moj sleherni učenec
da bi se moj sleherni učenec
01:11
could learn the material
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lahko naučil snov,
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
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če bi marljivo delal
in dovolj dolgo vztrajal.
in dovolj dolgo vztrajal.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Ko sem učila že nekaj let,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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sem prišla do spoznanja, da je to,
kar v izobraževanju potrebujemo,
kar v izobraževanju potrebujemo,
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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boljše razumevanje učencev in učenja
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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iz vidika motivacije
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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in iz psihološkega zornega kota.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
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Če znamo v izobraževanju kaj dobro izmeriti,
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
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je to inteligenčni količnik. A kaj če je to,
kako gre nekomu v šoli in v življenju,
kako gre nekomu v šoli in v življenju,
01:42
depends on much more
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odvisno še od mnogo več drugih stvari,
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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kot le od sposobnosti hitrega
in enostavnega učenja?
in enostavnega učenja?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Tako sem zapustila kateder
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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in se odpravila na podiplomski
študij psihologije.
študij psihologije.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Začela sem preučevati otroke in odrasle
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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v vseh mogočih, izjemno
zahtevnih okoliščinah,
zahtevnih okoliščinah,
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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in vsakič sem si zastavila vprašanje,
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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kdo je v tem okolju uspešen in zakaj.
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Z raziskovalno ekipo smo se odpravili
na Vojaško akademijo ZDA (West Point).
na Vojaško akademijo ZDA (West Point).
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Skušali smo napovedati, kateri kadeti
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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bodo ostali na vojaškem usposabljanju
in kateri ga bodo opustili.
in kateri ga bodo opustili.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Odšli smo na državno tekmovanje v črkovanju
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
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in skušali napovedati,
kateri otroci se bodo prebili
kateri otroci se bodo prebili
02:19
farthest in competition.
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najdlje na tekmovanju.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
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Opazovali smo učitelje novince,
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
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ki so delali v hudo problematičnih
soseskah, pri čemer smo se vprašali,
soseskah, pri čemer smo se vprašali,
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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kateri bodo zdržali pri poučevanju
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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do konca šolskega leta
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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in kateri od teh, ki bodo ostali,
bodo najučinkovitejši
bodo najučinkovitejši
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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pri izboljšanju znanja svojih učencev.
V sodelovanju z zasebnimi podjetji
smo si zastavili vprašanje,
smo si zastavili vprašanje,
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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kateri od njihovih prodajalcev
bodo obržali službe
bodo obržali službe
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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in kdo bo zaslužil največ denarja.
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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V vseh teh precej različnih okoliščinah
02:47
one characteristic emerged
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se je ena lastnost izkazala
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
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za pomemben napovednik uspeha.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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In to ni bila družbena inteligenca.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
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To ni bil dober izgled ali fizično zdravje
in to ni bil inteligenčni količnik.
in to ni bil inteligenčni količnik.
02:59
It was grit.
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To je bila zagrizenost.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Zagrizenost pomeni strast in vztrajnost
za dosego daljnoročnih ciljev.
za dosego daljnoročnih ciljev.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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Zagrizenost pomeni biti vzdržljiv.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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Zagrizenost pomeni, da se dan
za dnem držiš svojih načrtov,
za dnem držiš svojih načrtov,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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ne le za en teden, ne le za en mesec,
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
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temveč leto za letom trdo delaš,
03:20
to make that future a reality.
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da bi se načrti uresničili.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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Zagrizenost pomeni živeti življenje,
kot da bi tekli maraton, ne šprint.
kot da bi tekli maraton, ne šprint.
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
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Pred nekaj leti sem začela
preučevati zagrizenost
preučevati zagrizenost
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
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v javnih šolah v Čikagu.
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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Prosila sem na tisoče dijakov 3. letnika,
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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naj izpolnijo vprašalnik o zagrizenosti,
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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nato pa počakala dobro leto,
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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da bi videla, kdo bo maturiral.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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Izkazalo se je, da so bolj zagrizeni dijaki
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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precej verjetneje zaključili šolo,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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četudi so se ujemale vse druge
lastnosti, ki sem jih lahko merila,
lastnosti, ki sem jih lahko merila,
03:50
things like family income,
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kot npr. družinski prihodki,
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
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dosežene točke na eksternem
preverjanju znanja,
preverjanju znanja,
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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ali celo to, kako varno
so se počutili v šoli.
so se počutili v šoli.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Torej ne gre le za vojaško akademijo
ali tekmovanje v črkovanju,
ali tekmovanje v črkovanju,
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
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kjer je zagrizenost pomembna.
Pomembna je tudi v šoli,
Pomembna je tudi v šoli,
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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še zlasti pri otrocih, za katere
obstaja veliko tveganje, da šolo pustijo.
obstaja veliko tveganje, da šolo pustijo.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Zame je najbolj šokantna
plat zagrizenosti ta,
plat zagrizenosti ta,
04:11
is how little we know,
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kako malo vemo,
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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oziroma, kako malo znanost
ve o tem, kako jo razviti.
ve o tem, kako jo razviti.
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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Vsak dan me starši in učitelji sprašujejo:
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Kako naj v otrocih razvijem zagrizenost?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Kaj naj naredim, da otroke naučim
dobrih delovnih navad?
dobrih delovnih navad?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Kako naj otroke obdržim
motivirane na dolgi rok?"
motivirane na dolgi rok?"
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
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Iskreno povedano - pojma nimam. (Smeh)
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Kar vem, je, da te talent
ne naredi zagrizenega.
ne naredi zagrizenega.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Naši podatki zelo jasno kažejo,
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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da je mnogo nadarjenih posameznikov,
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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ki enostavno ne izpolnjuje svojih obveznosti.
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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Pravzaprav je bila v naših podatkih
zagrizenost navadno nepovezana
zagrizenost navadno nepovezana
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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ali celo obratno sorazmerna s talentom.
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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Najboljša ideja o razvoju zagrizenosti
v otrocih, kar sem jih slišala doslej,
v otrocih, kar sem jih slišala doslej,
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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je nekaj po imenu "razvojna miselnost".
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
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To je ideja, ki jo je na
Univerzi v Stanfordu razvila
Univerzi v Stanfordu razvila
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
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Carol Dweck. To je prepričanje,
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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da sposobnost učenja ni prirojena,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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pač pa jo lahko izboljšamo,
če se zanjo potrudimo.
če se zanjo potrudimo.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
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Dr. Dweck je pokazala, da si
otroci z branjem in učenjem
otroci z branjem in učenjem
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
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o možganih in o tem, kako se
možgani spreminjajo in rastejo,
možgani spreminjajo in rastejo,
05:17
in response to challenge,
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če jih postavimo pred izzive,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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večajo verjetnost, da bodo
kljub padcem vztrajali,
kljub padcem vztrajali,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
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saj ne verjamejo, da je neuspeh
05:26
is a permanent condition.
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trajnega značaja.
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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"Razvojna miselnost" je torej odlično
izhodišče za razvoj zagrizenosti.
izhodišče za razvoj zagrizenosti.
05:32
But we need more.
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A potrebujemo več.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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In s tem zaključujem svoje misli,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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kajti do sem smo prišli.
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
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To so naloge, ki nas še čakajo.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Izbrati moramo naše najboljše
ideje, naše najmočnejše intuicije
ideje, naše najmočnejše intuicije
05:44
and we need to test them.
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in jih testirati.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Izmeriti moramo, če smo bili uspešni,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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in pripravljeni moramo biti
na neuspeh, na zmote,
na neuspeh, na zmote,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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da lahko s tem, kar smo se
naučili, začnemo znova.
naučili, začnemo znova.
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
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Z drugimi besedami – zagrizti moramo v to,
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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da naredimo naše otroke bolj zagrizene.
06:02
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com