Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison
أليس غوفمان: كيف نهيئ بعض الأطفال لدخول الكليات - وآخرين لدخول السجن
Alice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens. Full bio
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travel to adulthood,
الأمريكيين إلى البلوغ،
a lot about: college.
the excitement that you felt
at this very moment.
young people in debt.
with pride and with great friends
بفخروبأصدقاء رائعين
about the world.
than they had before they got there.
التي حصلوا عليها قبل الدخول هناك.
the second institution
to adulthood in the United States.
إلى البلوغ في الولايات المتحدة.
are meeting with probation officers
instead of to class.
a trip to a state correctional facility.
رحلة إلى منشأة إصلاحية تديرها الدولة.
to prison in New Jersey.
is a cold prison cell
when they come home
on this journey to adulthood
في هذه الرحلة إلى البلوغ
and that's because in the past 40 years,
أنه في الأربعين سنة الماضية
has grown by 700 percent.
in the population.
في الميدان الاقتصادي.
that we're sending to prison,
الأطفال المساكين إلى السجن،
and Latino communities
الأمريكيين الأفارقة واللاتينيين
the young people trying to make it
بين الشباب الذين يحاولون الإنجاز
a bit worse than this
poor kids to prison,
المساكين إلى السجن فحسب،
in halfway houses and on house arrest,
بين المنازل والإقامة الجبرية،
to negotiate a police force
communities of color,
of promoting public safety,
to line city coffers.
لتزيد الصناديق الحديدية في المدينة.
historic experiment in punishment:
من تجربتنا التاريخية في العقاب:
they will be stopped, searched and seized.
للتوقيف والتفتيش والسجن في أية لحظة.
but in their homes,
بل وهم في بيوتهم،
other path to adulthood
African-American neighborhood.
لأهلها أصول أفريقية أمريكية.
journeys going on simultaneously:
المتوازيتان اللتان تستمران جنبًا إلى جنب:
this elite, private university,
the adjacent neighborhood,
are being shipped to prison.
a young woman who was in high school
بتدريس شابة كانت في المدرسة الثانوية
away from the university.
from a juvenile detention center.
من مركز احتجاز الأحداث.
and his friends and family,
about me writing about his life
a dissertation at Princeton
and I spent the next six years
وقضيت الست سنوات التي تلت
were facing as they came of age.
in this neighborhood,
والآخر في السابعة من عمره،
ran after the other boy.
to the younger boy,
the other child's pocket,
he was carrying any drugs
simply give up running,
against the ground
or flat up against a wall.
أو يقفون بوجوههم إلى الحائط.
and you're never coming home!"
pull another child's pants down
يشد بنطال طفل آخر إلى الأسفل
in this neighborhood,
any contact between police
أي احتكاك بين الشرطة
pedestrians or people in cars,
المشاة أو الأشخاص في السيارات،
with five exceptions.
مع خمس استثناءات.
break down doors,
in their home.
in this first year and a half,
kick, stomp on or beat young men
وتركل وتدوس وتضرب شبابًا
a senior in high school.
في الصف الأول ثانوي.
and making C's and B's.
ويحصل على c و b في المواد الدراسية.
he followed him around a lot,
ويتبعه كثيرًا في الأرجاء،
with a front lawn and a back porch.
مع حديقة أمامية وشرفة خلفية.
all while the boys were growing up.
بينما كان الولدان يكبران.
to hold down a job for very long.
بوظيفة لوقت طويل جدًا.
that supported the family,
بجدهم هو ما دعم العائلة،
for food and clothes
a senior in high school.
with aggravated assault.
كان الطفل الآخر بحالة جيدة،
more than anything.
to adult county jail
أرسلته إلى سجن المقاطعة للبالغين
he couldn't afford it --
لم يتحملها --
dragged on and on and on
threw out most of the charges
of court fees hanging over his head.
بضع مئات الدولارات والتي كانت تهدد حياته.
to re-enroll as a senior,
إعادة الالتحاق في الصف الأول ثانوي،
to be readmitted.
وأنه كبير جدًا على إعادة قبوله.
issued him a warrant for his arrest
قضية الاعتداء خاصته مذكرة اعتقال له
the 225 dollars in court fees
لقاء رسوم المحكمة
the case ended.
بضعة أسابيع من انتهاء القضية.
living on the run.
يعيش في الشوارع.
في وقت لاحق من تلك السنة
to get his warrant lifted
for the court fees
in his girlfriend's car.
سيارة صديقته إلى المدرسة.
والبحث عن السيارة
as stolen in California.
of this car it had been stolen.
عن تاريخ هذه السيارة و أنها مسروقة.
from a used car auction
مزاد للسيارات المستخدمة
outside of the tri-state,
خرجا من منطقة الولايات الثلاثة،
receiving stolen property.
باستلام ممتكات مسروقة.
a few days later,
a stolen property
three years of probation.
hanging over his head,
how to run from the police.
on their back porch
في شرفتهم الخلفية
how to spot undercover cars,
كيف يرصد السيارات المتخفية،
how and where to hide.
كيف وأين يختبئا.
where kids were going to college,
يذهب فيه الأولاد إلى الكلية،
I got to grow up in.
they're committing crimes!
هم يرتكبون الجرائم!
living in fear of arrest?
that other young people
التي يفعلها شباب آخرون
with impunity.
would have ended there,
an aggravated assault case.
I went to college with
if the police had stopped those kids
سجلًا لو أوقفت الشرطة هؤلاء الأولاد
as they walked to class?
عن المخدرات عند دخولهم إلى الفصل؟
in the middle of the night?
في منتصف الليل؟
really low crime rate?
Crime is down.
الجريمة في انخفاض.
the '90s and through the 2000s.
وخلال الألفينات.
of Sciences last year,
في العام السابق،
historically high incarceration rates
goes up and down
we send to prison.
الذين نرسلهم إلى السجن.
in a pretty narrow way:
العدالة طريق ضيق جدًا:
wrongfully convicted.
of something you did do,
there are perpetrators.
more broadly than that.
in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
يعيشون في الأحياء الأكثر حرمانًا،
of family resources,
the country's worst schools,
in the labor market,
where violence is an everyday problem,
يكون العنف فيها مشكلة يومية،
the thinnest possible line --
أن يمشوا بأضيق خط ممكن --
to young kids facing these challenges?
الذين يواجهون هذه التحديات؟
jail time and this fugitive existence?
وهذا الهروب الوجودي فحسب؟
that prioritizes recovery,
يحدد الأولويات بين المعافاة
that acknowledges
of color in the U.S. have faced
الملونون الفقراء في الولايات المتحدة
and perpetuate those exclusions.
that believes in black young people,
يؤمن بالشباب السود،
as the enemy to be rounded up.
كأعداء يجري جمعهم.
wrote "The New Jim Crow,"
كتاب "ذا نيو جيم كرو"،
incarceration as a civil rights issue
على أنه قضية حقوق مدنية
they had not seen it before.
Eric Holder have come out very strongly
أعلنا بكل قوة
racial disparity in incarceration.
الفروق العرقية في السجن.
Stop and Frisk
decriminalize possession of marijuana.
تشرِّع حيازة الماريجوانا.
and California
prison populations, closing prisons,
investing in education.
from the right and the left,
يزيد من اليمين واليسار،
and fiscal conservatives,
and libertarians,
to protest police violence
للاحتجاج على عنف الشرطة
decarceration initiatives
مبادرات إطلاق سراح السجناء.
our criminal justice system
نظام العدالة الجنائية لدينا
that the right and the left
this political moment in my lifetime.
اللحظة السياسية في حياتي.
who have been working tirelessly
الذين كانوا يعملون بلا كلل
high incarceration rates
this moment in our lifetime.
how much can we make of it?
ماذا سنحقق من ذلك؟
struggling to stay out of prison
and return home.
to adulthood are worlds apart,
نحو البلوغ عوالم منفصلة،
in these two institutions
of reforming our criminal justice system.
عمل إصلاح نظامنا للعدالة الجنائية .
in the fight for equal rights,
النضال من أجل الحقوق المتساوية،
to be granted dignity
of young people
moment, potentially,
لحظة تغيير جذري، من المحتمل،
build a new criminal justice system,
وبناء نظام عدالة جنائية جديد
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Goffman - Urban sociologistAlice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens.
Why you should listen
As an undergraduate studying sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Alice Goffman was inspired to write her senior thesis about the lives of the young people living in the historic African-American neighborhood that surrounded the school. She lived side-by-side with a group of young men in one of the US’s most distressed communities, experiencing a troubling and rarely discussed side of urban policing -- the beatings, late night raids and body searches that systematically pit young men against authority.
Goffman spent six years in the community, the work transforming into her dissertation at Princeton and then into the book, On the Run. In it, Goffman weaves groundbreaking research into a narrative amplifying neglected and often-ignored voices into a stirring, personal indictment of the social, economic and political forces that unwittingly conspire to push entire communities to the margins of society.
Goffman is now an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a vocal advocate for change in America.
Alice Goffman | Speaker | TED.com