Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison
אליס גופמן: איך אנחנו מכינים חלק מילדינו למכללה -- ואחרים לכלא
Alice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens. Full bio
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travel to adulthood,
a lot about: college.
שומעים הרבה: מכללה.
the excitement that you felt
at this very moment.
young people in debt.
with pride and with great friends
עם גאווה ועם חברים מעולים
about the world.
than they had before they got there.
משהיה להם לפני שהגיעו לשם.
the second institution
to adulthood in the United States.
are meeting with probation officers
instead of to class.
a trip to a state correctional facility.
היא במקום נסיעה לבית הכלא.
to prison in New Jersey.
is a cold prison cell
when they come home
on this journey to adulthood
and that's because in the past 40 years,
בגלל שב 40 השנים האחרונות,
has grown by 700 percent.
in the population.
that we're sending to prison,
שאנחנו שולחים לכלא,
and Latino communities
האפרו אמריקאיות ולטיניות
the young people trying to make it
בין אנשים צעירים שמנסים להצליח
a bit worse than this
poor kids to prison,
עלויות בתי משפט,
in halfway houses and on house arrest,
בבתי מעבר ובמעצרי בית,
to negotiate a police force
communities of color,
of promoting public safety,
to line city coffers.
כדי למלא את חשבונות העיר.
historic experiment in punishment:
הניסוי ההסטורי שלנו בענישה:
they will be stopped, searched and seized.
הם יעצרו, יחפשו עליהם והם יאסרו.
but in their homes,
other path to adulthood
African-American neighborhood.
journeys going on simultaneously:
שמתקדמים באותו זמן:
this elite, private university,
לאוניברסיטה המעולה הפרטית הזו,
the adjacent neighborhood,
are being shipped to prison.
a young woman who was in high school
אישה צעירה שהיתה בתיכון
away from the university.
from a juvenile detention center.
הגיע הביתה מבית מעצר לצעירים.
and his friends and family,
about me writing about his life
על שאני אכתוב על חייו
a dissertation at Princeton
and I spent the next six years
את שש השנים הבאות
were facing as they came of age.
בפני אנשים צעירים כשהם התבגרו.
in this neighborhood,
ran after the other boy.
to the younger boy,
the other child's pocket,
he was carrying any drugs
simply give up running,
against the ground
or flat up against a wall.
and you're never coming home!"
pull another child's pants down
in this neighborhood,
any contact between police
pedestrians or people in cars,
הולכי רגל או אנשים במכוניות,
with five exceptions.
עם חמישה יוצאי דופן.
break down doors,
צפיתי במשטרה שוברת דלתות,
in their home.
in this first year and a half,
kick, stomp on or beat young men
דורכת או מרביצה לאנשים צעירים
a senior in high school.
and making C's and B's.
וקיבל ציונים של 70, 80.
he followed him around a lot,
with a front lawn and a back porch.
עם דשא קידמי ומרפסת אחורית.
all while the boys were growing up.
בכל הזמן בו הילדים גדלו.
to hold down a job for very long.
להחזיק עבודה לזמן ממושך,
that supported the family,
for food and clothes
a senior in high school.
with aggravated assault.
more than anything.
שנפגעה יותר מכל דבר אחר.
to adult county jail
he couldn't afford it --
הוא לא היה יכול להרשות לעצמו אותה --
dragged on and on and on
threw out most of the charges
of court fees hanging over his head.
בעמלות בית משפט תלויים במעל ראשו.
to re-enroll as a senior,
to be readmitted.
issued him a warrant for his arrest
הוציא צו מעצר על שמו
the 225 dollars in court fees
את 225 הדולרים של דמי בית משפט
the case ended.
כמה שבועות לאחר שהמשפט הסתיים.
living on the run.
הגיע מאוחר יותר באותה שנה
to get his warrant lifted
for the court fees
in his girlfriend's car.
as stolen in California.
of this car it had been stolen.
של המכונית היא נגנבה.
from a used car auction
במכירה פומבית של מכוניות משומשות
outside of the tri-state,
מחוץ לאזור שלוש המדינות,
receiving stolen property.
a few days later,
a stolen property
three years of probation.
hanging over his head,
שתלוי מעל ראשו,
how to run from the police.
on their back porch
על המרפסת האחורית
how to spot undercover cars,
איך לזהות מכוניות משטרה סמויות,
how and where to hide.
איך ואיפה להתחבא.
where kids were going to college,
בה ילדים הולכים למכללה,
I got to grow up in.
they're committing crimes!
הם מבצעים פשעים!
living in fear of arrest?
that other young people
with impunity.
would have ended there,
an aggravated assault case.
I went to college with
if the police had stopped those kids
אם המשטרה היתה עוצרת את הילדים האלה
as they walked to class?
in the middle of the night?
האחוות באמצע הלילה?
really low crime rate?
Crime is down.
the '90s and through the 2000s.
of Sciences last year,
בשנה שעברה,
historically high incarceration rates
goes up and down
we send to prison.
אנחנו שולחים לכלא.
in a pretty narrow way:
wrongfully convicted.
of something you did do,
there are perpetrators.
more broadly than that.
in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
שחיים בשכונות הכי מקופחות,
of family resources,
the country's worst schools,
in the labor market,
where violence is an everyday problem,
היא בעיה יום יומית,
the thinnest possible line --
ללכת על הקו הכי דק שאפשר --
to young kids facing these challenges?
לצעירים שעומדים בפני אתגרים?
jail time and this fugitive existence?
זמן בכלא ואת המציאות של בריחה?
that prioritizes recovery,
מערכת משפט שמעדיפה שיקום?
that acknowledges
of color in the U.S. have faced
שארצות הברית עמדב בפניה
and perpetuate those exclusions.
that believes in black young people,
as the enemy to be rounded up.
כאוייב שצריך לאסוף.
wrote "The New Jim Crow,"
כתבה את "ג'ים קרואו החדש,"
incarceration as a civil rights issue
את המאסרים כסוגיה אזרחית
they had not seen it before.
Eric Holder have come out very strongly
אריק הולדר יצאו בחוזקה
racial disparity in incarceration.
Stop and Frisk
את עצור וחפש
decriminalize possession of marijuana.
הופכות אחזקת מריחואנה לחוקית.
and California
prison populations, closing prisons,
סגרו בתי כלא,
investing in education.
from the right and the left,
and fiscal conservatives,
and libertarians,
to protest police violence
למחות על אלימות המשטרה
decarceration initiatives
our criminal justice system
that the right and the left
this political moment in my lifetime.
who have been working tirelessly
high incarceration rates
this moment in our lifetime.
how much can we make of it?
כמה אנחנו יכולים לעשות מזה?
struggling to stay out of prison
כדי להשאר מחוץ לכלא
and return home.
to adulthood are worlds apart,
של הבגרות הם במרחק של עולמות,
in these two institutions
בשני המוסדות האלה
of reforming our criminal justice system.
הרפורמה של מערכת המשפט שלנו.
in the fight for equal rights,
במאבק לזכויות שוות,
to be granted dignity
of young people
moment, potentially,
build a new criminal justice system,
ולבנות מערכת משפט חדשה,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Goffman - Urban sociologistAlice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens.
Why you should listen
As an undergraduate studying sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Alice Goffman was inspired to write her senior thesis about the lives of the young people living in the historic African-American neighborhood that surrounded the school. She lived side-by-side with a group of young men in one of the US’s most distressed communities, experiencing a troubling and rarely discussed side of urban policing -- the beatings, late night raids and body searches that systematically pit young men against authority.
Goffman spent six years in the community, the work transforming into her dissertation at Princeton and then into the book, On the Run. In it, Goffman weaves groundbreaking research into a narrative amplifying neglected and often-ignored voices into a stirring, personal indictment of the social, economic and political forces that unwittingly conspire to push entire communities to the margins of society.
Goffman is now an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a vocal advocate for change in America.
Alice Goffman | Speaker | TED.com