Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison
Alice Goffman: Hur vi förbereder en del ungdomar för college - och andra för fängelse
Alice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens. Full bio
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mot vuxenlivet
travel to adulthood,
som övervakar färden.
vi hör mycket om: College.
a lot about: college.
the excitement that you felt
at this very moment.
young people in debt.
och många goda vänner,
with pride and with great friends
about the world.
än de hade när de kom dit.
than they had before they got there.
the second institution
den andra institutionen
to adulthood in the United States.
från barndom till vuxenliv i USA.
möter övervakare
are meeting with probation officers
istället för lektioner.
instead of to class.
blir istället en tur till ungdomsanstalt.
a trip to a state correctional facility.
i ekonomi eller engelska,
to prison in New Jersey.
i fängelse i New Jersey.
som står för räkningen
är en kall fängelsecell
is a cold prison cell
when they come home
på detta sätt än någonsin tidigare i USA,
on this journey to adulthood
and that's because in the past 40 years,
att under de senaste 40 åren
has grown by 700 percent.
ökat med 700 procent.
under denna presentation.
in the population.
som vi skickar i fängelse,
that we're sending to prison,
and Latino communities
eller latinamerikaner.
the young people trying to make it
mellan ungdomarna som kämpar
den amerikanska drömmen.
a bit worse than this
poor kids to prison,
in halfway houses and on house arrest,
i rehabiliteringshem och i husarrest,
to negotiate a police force
communities of color,
of promoting public safety,
för att fylla stadens häkten.
to line city coffers.
för vårt historiska straffexperiment:
historic experiment in punishment:
they will be stopped, searched and seized.
bli stoppade, visiterade och gripna.
but in their homes,
other path to adulthood
av denna väg mot vuxenvärlden
afroamerikansk stadsdel.
African-American neighborhood.
journeys going on simultaneously:
vid det privata universitetet,
this elite, private university,
the adjacent neighborhood,
are being shipped to prison.
a young woman who was in high school
till en ung kvinna som gick på gymnasiet
away from the university.
from a juvenile detention center.
från ungdomsvårdsskola.
i första klass på gymnasiet.
och hans vänner och familj,
and his friends and family,
om jag fick skriva om hans liv
about me writing about his life
en avhandling på Princeton
a dissertation at Princeton
flyttade jag in i området
and I spent the next six years
försökte jag förstå
were facing as they came of age.
när de närmade sig myndighetsdagen.
in this neighborhood,
ran after the other boy.
to the younger boy,
the other child's pocket,
he was carrying any drugs
om han hade några droger på sig
simply give up running,
against the ground
or flat up against a wall.
eller ställde sig mot en vägg.
and you're never coming home!"
och du kommer aldrig mer hem!"
pull another child's pants down
på ett annat barn
som jag bodde i området
in this neighborhood,
jag såg polisen interagera
any contact between police
fotgängare och bilister,
pedestrians or people in cars,
kolla upp dem mot databaser,
eller arrestera någon,
with five exceptions.
break down doors,
in their home.
in this first year and a half,
kick, stomp on or beat young men
sparka, stampa eller slå unga män
och gick sista året på gymnasiet.
a senior in high school.
och hade C:n och B:n i sitt betyg.
and making C's and B's.
he followed him around a lot,
såg upp till Chuck.
with a front lawn and a back porch.
med gräsmatta och en veranda.
all while the boys were growing up.
allt medan grabbarna växte upp.
to hold down a job for very long.
ett jobb särskilt länge.
that supported the family,
for food and clothes
a senior in high school.
för narkomanhora.
anklagade honom för överfall.
with aggravated assault.
more than anything.
på State Road i nordöstra Philadelphia.
to adult county jail
he couldn't afford it --
att betala borgen.
dragged on and on and on
threw out most of the charges
of court fees hanging over his head.
i domstolskostnader på halsen.
to re-enroll as a senior,
återuppta sina studier,
to be readmitted.
för att få komma tillbaka.
issued him a warrant for his arrest
utfärdade en arresteringsorder
de 225 dollarna i rättegångskostnader
the 225 dollars in court fees
the case ended.
efter det att fallet avslutats.
som dessutom var på rymmen.
living on the run.
to get his warrant lifted
for the court fees
till skolan i sin flickväns bil,
in his girlfriend's car.
och bilen kollades.
as stolen in California.
i Kalifornien.
of this car it had been stolen.
när bilen blivit stulen.
på en aktion för begagnade bilar
from a used car auction
utanför statens gränser,
outside of the tri-state,
receiving stolen property.
a few days later,
a stolen property
three years of probation.
hängandes över sitt huvud,
hanging over his head,
how to run from the police.
on their back porch
och tittade ut på bakgatan
how to spot undercover cars,
hur och var man gömmer sig.
how and where to hide.
where kids were going to college,
där alla barn gick i college,
I got to grow up in.
och ungar som de begår brott!
they're committing crimes!
i rädsla för att bli arresterade?"
living in fear of arrest?
that other young people
aldrig behöver vara rädda för.
with impunity.
would have ended there,
än ett bråk på skolgården.
an aggravated assault case.
som ett överfall.
i gymnasiet tillsammans med
I went to college with
om polisen stoppat dem
if the police had stopped those kids
as they walked to class?
in the middle of the night?
mot någon av deras fester mitt i natten?
really low crime rate?
Brottsligheten har gått ner.
Crime is down.
the '90s and through the 2000s.
under 90- och 2000-talet.
of Sciences last year,
av National Academy of Sciences,
det historiskt höga antalet inspärrade
historically high incarceration rates
tämligen osäker.
goes up and down
we send to prison.
som döms till fängelse.
in a pretty narrow way:
som svart eller vit:
att bli oskyldigt dömd.
wrongfully convicted.
of something you did do,
there are perpetrators.
more broadly than that.
lite mer nyanserat än så.
i de mest missgynnade områdena,
in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
of family resources,
the country's worst schools,
in the labor market,
where violence is an everyday problem,
är en del av vardagen,
the thinnest possible line --
på rätt sida av lagen -
to young kids facing these challenges?
som lever under dessa förutsättningar?
fängelse och en flykt undan rättvisan?
jail time and this fugitive existence?
that prioritizes recovery,
som fokuserar på återanpassning,
och delaktighet i samhället,
that acknowledges
of color in the U.S. have faced
levt med i generationer,
and perpetuate those exclusions.
och cementerar detta utanförskap.
som tror på unga svarta,
that believes in black young people,
as the enemy to be rounded up.
som fienden som borde spärras in.
Michelle Alexander "The New Jim Crow"
wrote "The New Jim Crow,"
incarceration as a civil rights issue
mot våra medborgerliga rättigheter.
they had not seen it before.
Eric Holder have come out very strongly
och justitiekansler Eric Holder
racial disparity in incarceration.
med avseende på internering.
med slumpmässig visitering
Stop and Frisk
mot de mänskliga rättigheterna.
innehav av marijuana.
decriminalize possession of marijuana.
and California
stängt fängelser,
prison populations, closing prisons,
minskat kraftigt.
investing in education.
from the right and the left,
and fiscal conservatives,
and libertarians,
to protest police violence
till alternativ till fängelsestraff.
decarceration initiatives
amerikanska kongressen
our criminal justice system
av rättsväsendet
that the right and the left
this political moment in my lifetime.
att få uppleva detta under min livstid.
som oförtrutet jobbat
who have been working tirelessly
och konsekvenserna
high incarceration rates
this moment in our lifetime.
få uppleva det i vår livstid.
how much can we make of it?
riktat till ungdomar;
struggling to stay out of prison
för att inte hamna i fängelse,
and return home.
genom fängelsetiden.
to adulthood are worlds apart,
mot vuxenlivet är ljusår från varandra,
in these two institutions
för reformarbetet av rättssystemet.
of reforming our criminal justice system.
när det gällt jämställdhet,
in the fight for equal rights,
to be granted dignity
of young people
som blir myndiga
moment, potentially,
build a new criminal justice system,
och bygga ett nytt rättssystem,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Goffman - Urban sociologistAlice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens.
Why you should listen
As an undergraduate studying sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Alice Goffman was inspired to write her senior thesis about the lives of the young people living in the historic African-American neighborhood that surrounded the school. She lived side-by-side with a group of young men in one of the US’s most distressed communities, experiencing a troubling and rarely discussed side of urban policing -- the beatings, late night raids and body searches that systematically pit young men against authority.
Goffman spent six years in the community, the work transforming into her dissertation at Princeton and then into the book, On the Run. In it, Goffman weaves groundbreaking research into a narrative amplifying neglected and often-ignored voices into a stirring, personal indictment of the social, economic and political forces that unwittingly conspire to push entire communities to the margins of society.
Goffman is now an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a vocal advocate for change in America.
Alice Goffman | Speaker | TED.com