Moshe Szyf: How early life experience is written into DNA
موشيه سزيف: كيف تُكتب تجربة الحياة المبكرة في الحمض النووي
Moshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease. Full bio
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from McGill, Michael Meaney.
in how mother rats lick their pups
بطريقة لعق أمهات الجرذان لصغارها
dollars are wasted --
when they become adults --
حين يصيرون راشدين
long after their mother died.
بعد وفاة أمهم بفترةٍ طويلة.
and groomed heavily,
وتُنظّف بكثرة،
as intensively by their mothers.
أمهاتها نفس القدر من العناية المكثفة.
the "bad mother" gene
from generation to generation;
else is going on here?
شيء آخر يحدث هنا؟
this question and answer it.
في الجرذان.
a cross-fostering experiment.
the babies of this rat, at birth,
صغار الأم البيولوجية،
but mothers that will take care of them:
ستعتني بها:
and low-licking mothers.
وأمهات قليلة اللعق.
with the low-licking pups.
مع صغار الجرذان قليلة اللعق.
what gene you got from your mother.
that defined this property of these rats.
هذه الصفة في تلك الجرذان.
took care of the pups.
we're in the womb of our mothers,
في الوقت الذي نكون فيه في رحم أمهاتنا،
than in the liver and the eye.
ثم في الكبد والعين.
reprogramming the gene of her offspring
of biochemical events
من الأنشطة البيوكيميائية
of the mother, the care of the mother,
الأم من لعقٍ وتنظيفٍ وعناية
itself for life:
and snakes around,
والأفاعي في الأرجاء؟
in an upper-class neighborhood
is behave well and proper,
هو التصرف على نحوٍ جيدٍ وملائم،
how important that process can be
بمدى أهمية تلك العملية
if you are going to be born in Stockholm,
and short in the winter,
for day and night all year round.
على مدار العام.
on our physiology.
perhaps what happens early in life,
ما يحدث مبكرًا في الحياة،
through the mother,
you're going to be living in.
be anxious and be stressful,
أن تكون قلقًا ومتوترًا،
and you have to be different.
وعليك أن تكون مختلفًا.
with a lot of light or little light?
أم قليل النور؟
with a lot of food or little food?
أم القليل من الطعام؟
whenever you see a meal,
كلما رأيت وجبة طعام،
that you have as fat.
على هيئة دهون.
to function in a dynamic way
ليعمل بطريقةٍ فعالة
to a poor family
you're going to encounter."
and our brain have evolved,
بدولارٍ واحد.
that we had by our mothers
to protect us from hunger and famine
من الجوع والمجاعة
and metabolic disease.
والأمراض الأيضية.
could be marked by our experience,
يمكن وسمها بتجاربنا،
test this in humans,
على البشر،
child adversity in a random way.
بمعاناة الأطفال بطريقةٍ عشوائية.
a certain property,
this is caused by poverty
that poor people are poor
بأن الفقراء فقراء
or an impoverished environment
في بيئةٍ سيّئة أو بيئةٍ فقيرة
that property.
into our cousins, the monkeys.
has been rearing monkeys
from the mother
a mother; they had a nurse.
with their normal, natural mothers.
they were completely different animals.
did not care about alcohol,
were aggressive, were stressed
كانت عدائية ومتوترة
early after birth, to see:
في وقت مبكر بعد الولادة،
in the DNA of the offspring?
في الحمض النووي لذريّتها؟
by which we study epigenetics.
التي ندرس بها علم التخلّق.
which we call methylation marks,
التي نسميها "علامات مَثيلة"،
عند تحليل النوكليوتيد المفرد.
that had a mother or not.
والقرد الذي لا أم له.
that got more methylated are red.
للمَثيلة بشكل أكثر هي ذات لون أحمر،
less methylated are green.
بشكل أقل ذات لون أخضر.
is not just one thing --
your world is going to look
الذي سيبدو عليه عالمك
didn't see their mothers,
even at the moment of birth?
حتى في لحظة الولادة؟
we took placentas of monkeys
is that across all living beings,
هو أن جميع الكائنات الحية
themselves by hierarchy.
and always be a peon.
is that the monkey number one
in this methylation mapping,
a high social status
بمكانة اجتماعية مرموقة
that did not have a high status.
بمكانة مرموقة.
the social information,
بالمعلومات الاجتماعية بالفعل،
is not bad or good,
ليست جيدة أو سيئة،
our biology differently
تركيبتنا البيولوجية بشكلٍ مختلف
or the low social status.
مرموقة أو غير مرموقة.
we can't administer adversity to humans.
ولا يمكننا أن نتحكم بمعاناة البشر.
in Canadian history
في التاريخ الكندي
because of an ice storm
بسبب عاصفةٍ ثلجية
were, in the dead of winter in Quebec,
في عز الشتاء،
mothers during that time.
followed the children of these mothers
أطفال هؤلاء الأمهات
that as the stress increased --
measures of stress:
Where did you spend your time?
أين قضيت وقتك؟
or in some posh country home?
أم في منزل ريفي فخم؟
to a social stress scale,
becoming red as stress increases,
تصبح حمراء بازدياد الضغط،
as stress increases,
بازدياد الضغط،
of the genome in response to stress.
استجابةً للضغط.
of the history of our genes,
can we deprogram them?
هل نستطيع إلغاء برمجتها؟
can cause diseases like cancer,
قد تسبب أمراضًا كالسرطان
and to loss of human life.
وإلى خسائر في حياة الإنسان.
of what happened the first time,
بما حدث في المرة الأولى،
and your life has changed.
to get used to cocaine,
when they saw the cocaine the first time
حين رأت الكوكايين لأول مرة
when they saw cocaine.
between these animals
أن الفرق بين تلك الحيوانات
when nothing happens,
التي لا يحدث فيها أي شيء،
in a different way,
their genome is ready
يكون المحتوى الوراثي جاهزًا
that either increase DNA methylation,
تزيد من مثلية الحمض النووي،
التي لزم النظر فيها،
marker to look at,
if we increased methylation,
between an epigenetic drug
بين العقار ما فوق الجيني
العقار ما فوق الجيني،
the signs of experience,
unless you have the same experience.
30 days, 60 days later,
بعد 30 يومًا وبعد 60 يومًا،
many years of life,
by a single epigenetic treatment.
بسبب علاج ما فوق جيني وحيد.
into this movie, which is interactive.
وهو فيلم تفاعلي.
of your life, with the DNA,
عن حياتك، مع حمضك النووي،
of the deterministic nature of genetics,
your genes look,
التي تكون عليها جيناتك،
optimistic message
some of the deadly diseases
بعض الأمراض الفتّاكة
by removing an actor
عن طريق إضافة ممثل
of two components,
of years of evolution.
is the epigenetic layer,
هي الطبقة ما فوق الجينية،
that is interactive,
to a large extent, our destiny,
for a long time.
to a life of responsibility.
حياة مسؤولة.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Szyf - EpigeneticistMoshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease.
Why you should listen
Moshe Szyf is one of the pioneers in the field of epigenetics. Szyf's lab has proposed three decades ago that DNA methylation is a prime therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases and has postulated and provided the first set of evidence that the "social environment" early in life can alter DNA methylation launching the emerging field of "social epigenetics."
Szyf received his PhD from the Hebrew University and did his postdoctoral fellowship in Genetics at Harvard Medical School, joined the department in 1989 and currently holds a James McGill Professorship and GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Pharmacology. He is the founding co-director of the Sackler Institute for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Experience-based Brain and Biological Development program.
Moshe Szyf | Speaker | TED.com