Moshe Szyf: How early life experience is written into DNA
Moshe Szyf: Bagaimana pengalaman awal kehidupan ditulis ke dalam DNA
Moshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease. Full bio
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from McGill, Michael Meaney.
dari McGill, Michael Meaney.
in how mother rats lick their pups
bagaimana ibu tikus menjilati anak-anaknya
dollars are wasted --
when they become adults --
ketika mereka dewasa --
long after their mother died.
jauh setelah ibunya meninggal.
and groomed heavily,
as intensively by their mothers.
oleh ibu mereka.
the "bad mother" gene
from generation to generation;
else is going on here?
this question and answer it.
dan menjawabnya.
a cross-fostering experiment.
the babies of this rat, at birth,
kelompok bayi tikus ini saat lahir,
but mothers that will take care of them:
tapi ibu yang akan merawat mereka:
and low-licking mothers.
dan jarang menjilati
with the low-licking pups.
dengan anak yang menjilati rendah.
what gene you got from your mother.
yang Anda dapatkan dari ibu.
that defined this property of these rats.
yang menentukan sifat tikus ini.
took care of the pups.
we're in the womb of our mothers,
kita berada di rahim ibu,
than in the liver and the eye.
daripada di hati dan mata.
reprogramming the gene of her offspring
memprogram ulang gen keturunannya
of biochemical events
serangkaian kejadian biokimia
of the mother, the care of the mother,
itself for life:
dirinya untuk hidup:
and snakes around,
dan ular di sekitar,
in an upper-class neighborhood
di lingkungan kelas atas
is behave well and proper,
berperilaku baik dan pantas,
diterima secara sosial?
how important that process can be
betapa pentingnya proses itu bisa
if you are going to be born in Stockholm,
jika Anda akan lahir di Stockholm,
dan lebih pendek di musim dingin,
and short in the winter,
for day and night all year round.
jumlahnya sama sepanjang tahun.
on our physiology.
pada fisiologi kita.
perhaps what happens early in life,
apa yang terjadi di awal kehidupan,
through the mother,
you're going to be living in.
yang akan dijalani.
be anxious and be stressful,
Anda akan cemas dan menjadi stres,
and you have to be different.
dan Anda harus berbeda.
with a lot of light or little light?
dengan siang yang panjang atau pendek?
with a lot of food or little food?
dengan makanan yang banyak atau sedikit?
whenever you see a meal,
setiap kali melihat makanan,
that you have as fat.
yang Anda punya sebagai lemak.
to function in a dynamic way
dan kuno berfungsi secara dinamis
to a poor family
you're going to encounter."
yang Anda temui"
and our brain have evolved,
dan otak telah berevolusi,
that we had by our mothers
yang kita miliki oleh ibu kita
to protect us from hunger and famine
melindungi kita dari kelaparan
and metabolic disease.
dan penyakit metabolik.
could be marked by our experience,
bisa ditandai dengan pengalaman kita,
test this in humans,
menguji ini pada manusia,
child adversity in a random way.
kemalangan anak secara acak.
a certain property,
suatu sifat tertentu,
this is caused by poverty
hal ini disebabkan oleh kemiskinan
memiliki gen yang buruk.
that poor people are poor
bahwa orang miskin itu malang
or an impoverished environment
yang buruk atau miskin
that property.
-- ciri lahiriah tersebut.
into our cousins, the monkeys.
monyet-monyet itu.
has been rearing monkeys
telah membesarkan monyet
from the mother
a mother; they had a nurse.
tapi perawat
with their normal, natural mothers.
dengan ibu kandung.
they were completely different animals.
mereka benar-benar berbeda.
did not care about alcohol,
tidak peduli dengan alkohol,
were aggressive, were stressed
agresif, stres
early after birth, to see:
pada awal kelahiran, untuk melihat:
in the DNA of the offspring?
dalam DNA keturunannya?
by which we study epigenetics.
mempelajari epigenetik.
which we call methylation marks,
disebut tanda "metilasi",
that had a mother or not.
yang punya ibu dan yang tidak.
that got more methylated are red.
less methylated are green.
is not just one thing --
bukan hanya satu hal --
your world is going to look
seperti apa keseluruhan dunia Anda
didn't see their mothers,
even at the moment of birth?
bahkan pada saat kelahiran?
we took placentas of monkeys
kami mengambil plasenta monyet
is that across all living beings,
bahwa pada semua makhluk hidup,
themselves by hierarchy.
and always be a peon.
dan selalu ada pesuruh.
is that the monkey number one
bahwa monyet nomor satu
in this methylation mapping,
a high social status
status sosial yang tinggi
that did not have a high status.
yang tidak memiliki status tinggi.
the social information,
informasi sosial,
is not bad or good,
tidak buruk atau bagus,
our biology differently
biologis kita secara berbeda
or the low social status.
yang tinggi atau rendah.
mempelajari ini pada manusia?
we can't administer adversity to humans.
tidak bisa mengatur kemalangan orang
dengan manusia,
in Canadian history
dalam sejarah Kanada
because of an ice storm
karena badai es
were, in the dead of winter in Quebec,
mothers during that time.
followed the children of these mothers
mengikuti anak-anak dari ibu tersebut
that as the stress increased --
bahwa saat stres meningkat --
measures of stress:
yang objektif ini:
Where did you spend your time?
Di mana Anda menghabiskan waktu?
or in some posh country home?
atau di rumah mewah?
to a social stress scale,
ke timbangan stres sosial.
becoming red as stress increases,
menjadi merah saat stres meningkat,
as stress increases,
saat stres meningkat,
of the genome in response to stress.
dari genom dalam merespons stres.
of the history of our genes,
budak sejarah gen kita,
can we deprogram them?
bisakah kita memprogram ulang?
penyakit seperti kanker,
can cause diseases like cancer,
situasi yang mengerikan
and to loss of human life.
hilangnya nyawa manusia.
of what happened the first time,
pada apa yang terjadi pertama kali,
and your life has changed.
dan hidup Anda telah berubah.
to get used to cocaine,
untuk terbiasa dengan kokain,
when they saw the cocaine the first time
pertama kali tikus melihat kokain
when they saw cocaine.
saat mereka melihat kokain.
untuk mendapatkan kokain
between these animals
perbedaan antara hewan-hewan ini,
when nothing happens,
in a different way,
dengan cara berbeda,
their genome is ready
genom mereka sudah siap
that either increase DNA methylation,
peningkat metilasi DNA,
marker to look at,
if we increased methylation,
jika kita meningkatkan metilasi
between an epigenetic drug
antara obat epigenetik
the signs of experience,
tanda-tanda pengalaman,
unless you have the same experience.
kecuali jika Anda punya pengalaman sama.
30 days, 60 days later,
30 hari, 60 hari kemudian,
many years of life,
adalah bertahun-tahun,
by a single epigenetic treatment.
dengan pengobatan epigenetik tunggal.
into this movie, which is interactive.
ke dalam film ini, yang interaktif.
of your life, with the DNA,
hidup Anda, dengan DNA,
of the deterministic nature of genetics,
sifat deterministik genetik,
your genes look,
terhadap cara gen Anda terlihat,
optimistic message
sangat luar biasa
some of the deadly diseases
menghadapi beberapa penyakit mematikan
secara epigenetik,
by removing an actor
dengan menghapus seorang aktor
of two components,
dari dua komponen,
of years of evolution.
is the epigenetic layer,
adalah lapisan epigenetik,
that is interactive,
to a large extent, our destiny,
sebagian besar, takdir kita,
for a long time.
untuk waktu yang lama.
to a life of responsibility.
untuk tanggung jawab suatu kehidupan.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Szyf - EpigeneticistMoshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease.
Why you should listen
Moshe Szyf is one of the pioneers in the field of epigenetics. Szyf's lab has proposed three decades ago that DNA methylation is a prime therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases and has postulated and provided the first set of evidence that the "social environment" early in life can alter DNA methylation launching the emerging field of "social epigenetics."
Szyf received his PhD from the Hebrew University and did his postdoctoral fellowship in Genetics at Harvard Medical School, joined the department in 1989 and currently holds a James McGill Professorship and GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Pharmacology. He is the founding co-director of the Sackler Institute for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Experience-based Brain and Biological Development program.
Moshe Szyf | Speaker | TED.com