Moshe Szyf: How early life experience is written into DNA
Moshe Zsyf: Quão cedo a experiência de vida é escrita no ADN
Moshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease. Full bio
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from McGill, Michael Meaney.
de McGill, Michael Meaney.
in how mother rats lick their pups
as mães dos ratos lambem as suas crias
dos meus impostos é desperdiçado...
dollars are wasted --
when they become adults --
quando elas se tornam adultas
long after their mother died.
terem morrido.
and groomed heavily,
muito lambidos e acarinhados,
as intensively by their mothers.
tão bem tratados pelas suas progenitoras.
the "bad mother" gene
o gene da "progenitora má"
fossem ansiosas,
from generation to generation;
de geração em geração.
else is going on here?
esteja a acontecer aqui?
this question and answer it.
esta pergunta e responder-lhe.
a cross-fostering experiment.
de adopção cruzada.
the babies of this rat, at birth,
deste rato, à nascença,
progenitoras adoptivas
but mothers that will take care of them:
que vão tomar conta deles:
and low-licking mothers.
e outras que lambem pouco.
with the low-licking pups.
com as crias que lambem pouco.
what gene you got from your mother.
o gene que se recebe da progenitora.
that defined this property of these rats.
que define a característica destes ratos.
took care of the pups.
os genes são marcados
we're in the womb of our mothers,
em que estamos no ventre das nossas mães,
que são expressos, em que tecido.
than in the liver and the eye.
no cérebro, no fígado e nos olhos.
reprogramming the gene of her offspring
a reprogramar os genes das suas crias
of biochemical events
de acontecimentos bioquímicos
of the mother, the care of the mother,
os cuidados da mãe,
itself for life:
and snakes around,
in an upper-class neighborhood
is behave well and proper,
de fazer é portar-me bem,
how important that process can be
importante este processo pode ser
if you are going to be born in Stockholm,
vamos nascer em Estocolmo,
and short in the winter,
e curtos no inverno,
for day and night all year round.
número de horas, durante todo o ano.
on our physiology.
na nossa fisiologia.
perhaps what happens early in life,
o que acontece cedo na vida,
enviados através da progenitora,
through the mother,
you're going to be living in.
de mundo social vão viver.
be anxious and be stressful,
sermos ansiosos e angustiados,
and you have to be different.
de ser diferentes.
with a lot of light or little light?
with a lot of food or little food?
muita ou pouca comida?
whenever you see a meal,
comer muito quando há uma refeição,
that you have as fat.
que temos sob a forma de gordura.
to function in a dynamic way
funcione de modo dinâmico
to a poor family
numa família pobre
"é melhor comeres muito,
you're going to encounter."
a comida que encontrares."
o nosso cérebro evoluiu,
and our brain have evolved,
that we had by our mothers
que as nossas mães nos deram
to protect us from hunger and famine
proteger-nos da fome e da escassez
and metabolic disease.
e doenças metabólicas.
could be marked by our experience,
ser marcados pela nossa experiência,
no início de vida,
test this in humans,
testar isto nos seres humanos,
child adversity in a random way.
uma criança num ambiente adverso.
a certain property,
uma certa característica,
this is caused by poverty
that poor people are poor
que os pobres são pobres
or an impoverished environment
mau ambiente ou num ambiente empobrecido
that property.
essa característica.
into our cousins, the monkeys.
os macacos.
has been rearing monkeys
tem criado macacos
from the mother
da sua progenitora
a mother; they had a nurse.
uma progenitora; tiveram uma ama.
with their normal, natural mothers.
com as suas mães biológicas.
they were completely different animals.
completamente diferentes.
não se interessavam pelo álcool,
did not care about alcohol,
were aggressive, were stressed
eram agressivos e ansiosos
early after birth, to see:
do nascimento, para ver:
esteja a marcar?
in the DNA of the offspring?
no ADN que passe para a descendência?
by which we study epigenetics.
como estudamos a epigenética.
which we call methylation marks,
a que chamamos marcadores de metilação,
that had a mother or not.
que teve progenitora com o que não teve.
that got more methylated are red.
mais metilados a vermelho.
less methylated are green.
metilados a verde.
is not just one thing --
não é apenas uma coisa,
your world is going to look
didn't see their mothers,
as suas progenitoras,
even at the moment of birth?
mesmo no momento em que nascemos?
we took placentas of monkeys
placentas de macacos
is that across all living beings,
social é que todos os seres vivos
themselves by hierarchy.
and always be a peon.
is that the monkey number one
é que o macaco número um
vai comer muito.
in this methylation mapping,
mapeamento da metilação,
a high social status
um alto estatuto social
that did not have a high status.
que não o tinham.
the social information,
das informações sociais,
is not bad or good,
não são más ou boas,
our biology differently
a nossa biologia de modo diferente
or the low social status.
baixo ou alto.
nos seres humanos?
colocá-los em ambientes adversos.
we can't administer adversity to humans.
com os seres humanos,
in Canadian history
na história do Canadá
because of an ice storm
devido à tempestade
were, in the dead of winter in Quebec,
em pleno inverno no Quebeque,
mothers during that time.
followed the children of these mothers
seguiu as crianças dessas mães
that as the stress increased --
à medida que o "stress" aumentou
measures of stress:
Where did you spend your time?
Onde passaram o tempo?
or in some posh country home?
ou numa casa luxuosa no campo?
to a social stress scale,
à escala do "stress" social
que o "stress" aumenta,
do estado de metilação,
becoming red as stress increases,
vermelhos, à medida que o "stress" aumenta,
as stress increases,
à medida que o "stress" aumenta,
of the genome in response to stress.
como resposta ao "stress".
of the history of our genes,
da história dos nossos genes,
can we deprogram them?
como podemos desprogramá-los?
can cause diseases like cancer,
resultar em doenças como o cancro,
and to loss of human life.
e à perda da vida humana.
deixe de estar viciado?
nos seres humanos.
que consumamos cocaína
of what happened the first time,
o que aconteceu na primeira vez,
vende-nos cocaína,
and your life has changed.
to get used to cocaine,
a habituarem-se à cocaína,
when they saw the cocaine the first time
viram cocaína pela primeira vez,
when they saw cocaine.
quando viram cocaína.
between these animals
a diferença entre estes animais
when nothing happens,
in a different way,
de modo diferente,
their genome is ready
o seu genoma está pronto
that either increase DNA methylation,
que aumentavam a metilação do ADN,
marker to look at,
if we increased methylation,
se aumentássemos a metilação,
between an epigenetic drug
entre uma droga epigenética
the signs of experience,
os sinais de experiência,
unless you have the same experience.
a mesma experiência.
30 days, 60 days later,
30 dias, 60 dias depois,
many years of life,
são muitos anos de vida,
by a single epigenetic treatment.
de um único tratamento epigenético.
into this movie, which is interactive.
escritas neste filme, que é interactivo.
of your life, with the DNA,
da nossa vida, com o ADN,
of the deterministic nature of genetics,
determinística da genética,
your genes look,
como os nossos genes são.
optimistic message
some of the deadly diseases
algumas doenças mortais
intervir epigeneticamente,
by removing an actor
removendo o actor
of two components,
por dois componentes,
of years of evolution.
is the epigenetic layer,
é a camada epigenética,
that is interactive,
to a large extent, our destiny,
em grande extensão, o nosso destino,
for a long time.
desde há muito tempo.
determinados pelos nossos genes,
to a life of responsibility.
a uma vida de responsabilidade.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Szyf - EpigeneticistMoshe Szyf's research is focused on understanding the broad implications of epigenetic mechanisms in human behavior, health and disease.
Why you should listen
Moshe Szyf is one of the pioneers in the field of epigenetics. Szyf's lab has proposed three decades ago that DNA methylation is a prime therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases and has postulated and provided the first set of evidence that the "social environment" early in life can alter DNA methylation launching the emerging field of "social epigenetics."
Szyf received his PhD from the Hebrew University and did his postdoctoral fellowship in Genetics at Harvard Medical School, joined the department in 1989 and currently holds a James McGill Professorship and GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Pharmacology. He is the founding co-director of the Sackler Institute for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Experience-based Brain and Biological Development program.
Moshe Szyf | Speaker | TED.com