Sara Valencia Botto: When do kids start to care about other people's opinions?
سارة بوتو: متى يبدأ الأطفال بالتأثر بآراء الآخرين؟
Sara Valencia Botto investigates when and how humans develop a concern for reputation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
you are wearing right now.
question for you.
comfortable pajamas right now?
and not a mind reader,
ولست قارئه للعقول،
that's the same thing.
يعتقدون أن الأمر متشابه.
is somewhere along the lines of,
في الأماكن العامة".
to think I am a slob."
chose to wear business casual clothing,
اخترنا ارتداء ملابس عملية
pair of sweatpants,
defining human characteristics.
of what other people value,
ذا قيمة،
or disapprove of,
to these sorts of settings.
في هذا النوع من الأماكن.
this information to guide our behavior.
لتوجيه سلوكنا.
in the presence of others
في وضع مساحيق التجميل،
and Instagram filter,
that will undoubtedly change the world
with how other people will evaluate us
a big human trait, however,
about when and how
about the opinion of others.
that requires many studies.
to uncovering this question
to others' evaluations.
at Emory University
في جامعة إيموري
around the grocery store in her onesie,
في البقالة بقميصها الداخلي،
that fears public speaking
when people ask me,
this question, exactly?
were up here right now,
that his wife experiments on children.
تجري تجاربًا على الأطفال.
experiments for children,
فيليب روشات
Dr. Philippe Rochat and I
would begin to be sensitive
الأطفال، كما يفعل البالغون،
captures when children, like adults,
when others are watching.
الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 14 و24 شهرًا
14 to 24-month-old infants
assigned a positive value,
"Oh, oh. Oops, oh no,"
to play with the remote,
بجهاز التحكم عن بعد،
to read a magazine.
في عمر 24 شهرًا،
to the evaluation of others,
should be influenced
they're being watched
that the experimenter expressed
التي أعرب عنها المُجرب
بجهاز التحكم الإيجابي بدرجة أكبر
the positive remote significantly more
the negative remote
أنجزنا ثلاثة أشكال مختلفة من هذه الدراسة.
we did three variations of the study.
would engage with a novel toy
كيفية تفاعل الأطفال مع لعبة جديدة
or instructions provided.
how to activate the toy robot,
that they could play with the remote,
اللعب بجهاز التحكم،
ambiguous situation.
a positive and a negative.
وجهاز تحكم واحد.
we had two experimenters and one remote.
value towards pressing the remote,
الضغط على جهاز التحكم،
expressed a positive value, saying,
حيث قال:
to these three different scenarios.
مع التجارب الثلاثة المختلفة.
in pressing the remote.
والآخر ذو قيمة سالبة.
and one with the negative value.
هو الجهاز السلبي.
is a negative remote.
looking at me, hanging out.
ولا تفعل أي شيء محدد.
that side-eyed glance, right?
وجهازًا واحدًا.
experimenters, one remote.
تجاه الضغط على جهاز التحكم
towards pressing the remote
فتحاول الاعتماد على الأم.
doesn't know what to do, relying on Mom.
عن استجابة ايجابية.
a positive response is watching.
لدى الأطفال
button-pressing behavior
and the instructions of the experimenter.
children did not know
or negatively evaluated,
to press the remote.
significantly more when I was watching,
التحكم الإيجابي عندما كنت أشاهدهم،
and started playing with it.
ويبدأون اللعب به على الفور.
the different values of the remotes --
عن أجهزة التحكم...
after pressing either of the remotes --
على أي من أجهزة التحكم...
مرتبطًا بالحالة،
no longer differed across conditions,
the values that we gave the two remotes
التي وضعناها على الجهازين
في الدراسة السابقة.
in the previous study.
a remote significantly more
على جهاز التحكم بشكل ملحوظ أكثر
a positive value was watching,
that had expressed a negative value.
مع المجرب الذي أبدى القيمة السلبية.
that children begin to show embarrassment
يبدأون بإظهار الإحراج
a negative evaluation,
at themselves in the mirror
in your teeth, for adults.
على الأسنان لدى البالغين.
based on these findings?
are actually really, really sneaky.
هم كالبالغين،
that we place on objects and behaviors.
والسلوكيات.
to guide their behavior.
to those around us.
أو "لا تسرق"،
"be kind" or "don't steal,"
ولأطفالنا تحديدًا،
showing others, specifically our children,
and praiseworthy, and what is not.
وما هو عكس ذلك.
without even noticing it.
to explore the contents of the mind,
ليكتشفوا ماهية العقل،
often reflects our beliefs,
we all believe the same thing.
بأن الكوكا قد اختُرعت في أتلانتا.
that Coke was invented in Atlanta.
that most people will chose to drink Coke.
على أن معظم الناس سيختارون شُرب الكوكا.
or their pretty dress,
بدلًا من الطعام المفيد،
as opposed to nutritious food,
are incredibly effective
from these subtle behaviors.
shaping their own behavior.
emerges very early in development,
من عملية النمو،
a complete sentence
of who we grow up to be.
to contemplate on the values
in day-to-day interactions,
the behavior of those around you.
is being broadcasted
مبتسمين لهواتفنا المحمولة
smiling at our phone
has been shaped by those around you,
have considered before.
by what others around you valued?
بما يقيمه من هم حولك؟
certainly have the privilege
in simple day-to-day interactions,
the behavior of those around us.
من هم حولنا.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sara Valencia Botto - PsychologistSara Valencia Botto investigates when and how humans develop a concern for reputation.
Why you should listen
Sara Valencia Botto is a PhD candidate in the cognition and development program at Emory University, where she researches social-cognitive development in early childhood. Her recent publication on sensitivity to evaluation in toddlers has been featured in various outlets, including ABC News, the Huffington Post and other major international newspapers.
By exploring the developmental origins of reputation, Botto's research investigates when and how humans, unlike many other animals, care about what other people think. She designs experiments for children of 14 months to five years and studies when and how they begin to alter their behavior to garner positive evaluations from others. Her goal is to understand why humans come to care about their reputation as well as the factors that contribute to inter-individual differences.
Sara Valencia Botto | Speaker | TED.com