Sara Valencia Botto: When do kids start to care about other people's opinions?
Sara Botto: ¿Cuándo empieza a importar a los niños la opinión de los demás?
Sara Valencia Botto investigates when and how humans develop a concern for reputation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
un momento y pensaran
you are wearing right now.
question for you.
profunda y filosófica:
comfortable pajamas right now?
pijamas confortables ahora?
and not a mind reader,
que lea la mente,
that's the same thing.
que son lo mismo.
is somewhere along the lines of,
to think I am a slob."
que soy descuidado".
chose to wear business casual clothing,
elegimos llevar ropa informal de trabajo,
pair of sweatpants,
de chandal favoritos,
defining human characteristics.
características humanas determinantes.
of what other people value,
de lo que los demás valoran,
or disapprove of,
to these sorts of settings.
en ese tipo de ambiente.
this information to guide our behavior.
hemos usado esa información
in the presence of others
su comportamiento ante los demás
and Instagram filter,
y el filtro de Instagram,
that will undoubtedly change the world
cambiarán el mundo
with how other people will evaluate us
de cómo nos evalúan los demás
a big human trait, however,
about when and how
sobre cuándo y cómo
about the opinion of others.
la opinión de los demás.
that requires many studies.
que requiere muchos estudios.
to uncovering this question
to others' evaluations.
a la evaluación de los demás.
at Emory University
en la Universidad Emory,
around the grocery store in her onesie,
va al supermercado llevando su peluche,
that fears public speaking
que tiene miedo a hablar en público
when people ask me,
generalmente me pregunta:
this question, exactly?
este tema exactamente?
were up here right now,
that his wife experiments on children.
hace experimentos con niños.
experiments for children,
experimentos para niños,
Dr. Philippe Rochat and I
Dr. Philippe Rochat, y yo
que se llama "The Robot Task",
would begin to be sensitive
empiezan a volverse sensibles
captures when children, like adults,
es capturar cuando los niños
when others are watching.
14 to 24-month-old infants
a niños de 14 a 24 meses
assigned a positive value,
le atribuimos un valor positivo
"Oh, oh. Oops, oh no,"
"¡Oh, oh!, ¡Uuuy, oh no!",
el mando a distancia.
to play with the remote,
a que jugaran con el mando.
to read a magazine.
y simulábamos leer una revista.
to the evaluation of others,
al juicio de los demás,
should be influenced
debería verse afectado
sino también por los valores
they're being watched
that the experimenter expressed
al presionar el mando.
the positive remote significantly more
con el mando positivo mucho más
the negative remote
we did three variations of the study.
hicimos tres variaciones del estudio.
would engage with a novel toy
se ponían a jugar con un nuevo juguete
or instructions provided.
valores o instrucciones.
how to activate the toy robot,
como activar el robot juguete,
that they could play with the remote,
que podrían jugar con el mando,
realmente ambigua.
ambiguous situation.
a positive and a negative.
un positivo y un negativo.
we had two experimenters and one remote.
había dos investigadoras y un mando.
value towards pressing the remote,
un valor negativo al presionar el mando
expressed a positive value, saying,
expresaba un valor posititivo
to these three different scenarios.
a esas tres situaciones distintas.
in pressing the remote.
en presionar el juguete.
and one with the negative value.
y el otro con el negativo.
is a negative remote.
looking at me, hanging out.
juegue también, ¿verdad?
that side-eyed glance, right?
esta mirada de reojo, ¿verdad?
investigadoras y un mando.
experimenters, one remote.
towards pressing the remote
negativamente hacia el mando
doesn't know what to do, relying on Mom.
no sabe qué hacer y confía en su madre.
a positive response is watching.
una respuesta positiva la observa.
Ahora ya puede jugar.
button-pressing behavior
de presionar los botones
and the instructions of the experimenter.
e instrucciones de la investigadora.
children did not know
puesto que los niños no sabían
or negatively evaluated,
to press the remote.
para presionar el mando.
significantly more when I was watching,
sobre todo mientras les observaba.
y empezaban a jugar.
and started playing with it.
the different values of the remotes --
los distintos valores de los mandos,
after pressing either of the remotes --
tras haber presionado cualquiera.
no longer differed across conditions,
no cambió más entre las condiciones,
the values that we gave the two remotes
que dimos a los dos mandos realmente
in the previous study.
en el estudio anterior.
a remote significantly more
presionar sobre todo un mando
a positive value was watching,
un valor positivo les observaba,
that had expressed a negative value.
que expresó un valor negativo.
that children begin to show embarrassment
aproximadamente en esa edad,
a negative evaluation,
un juicio negativo,
at themselves in the mirror
in your teeth, for adults.
espinacas en los dientes.
based on these findings?
en función de esos hallazgos?
are actually really, really sneaky.
son muy, muy, astutos?
los niños, tal como los adultos,
that we place on objects and behaviors.
a objetos y comportamiento.
to guide their behavior.
para orientar su comportamiento.
to those around us.
a los que nos rodean.
"be kind" or "don't steal,"
"ser gentil" o "no robar",
showing others, specifically our children,
a los demás, sobre todo a nuestros hijos,
and praiseworthy, and what is not.
valioso y admirable.
without even noticing it.
to explore the contents of the mind,
para explorar los secretos de la mente,
often reflects our beliefs,
nuestras creencias,
we all believe the same thing.
that Coke was invented in Atlanta.
la inventaron en Atlanta.
that most people will chose to drink Coke.
la mayoría elegirá Coca-Cola.
por su pelo o su vestido bonito,
or their pretty dress,
as opposed to nutritious food,
en vez de alimentos nutritivos
are incredibly effective
son increíblemente eficaces
from these subtle behaviors.
esos comportamientos sutiles.
shaping their own behavior.
su propio comportamiento.
emerges very early in development,
surge muy temprano en el desarrollo,
a complete sentence
una frase completa o usar el baño.
of who we grow up to be.
de los adultos que seremos.
to contemplate on the values
in day-to-day interactions,
en la interacción cotidiana,
the behavior of those around you.
el comportamiento de los que nos rodean.
is being broadcasted
se está transmitiendo
smiling at our phone
sonriendo al teléfono
has been shaped by those around you,
ha sido moldeado por los que les rodean,
have considered before.
no hayan pensado antes.
by what others around you valued?
se basó en lo que los demás valoran?
certainly have the privilege
sin duda tienen el privilegio
in simple day-to-day interactions,
en las simples interacciones diarias
the behavior of those around us.
el comportamiento de los que nos rodean.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sara Valencia Botto - PsychologistSara Valencia Botto investigates when and how humans develop a concern for reputation.
Why you should listen
Sara Valencia Botto is a PhD candidate in the cognition and development program at Emory University, where she researches social-cognitive development in early childhood. Her recent publication on sensitivity to evaluation in toddlers has been featured in various outlets, including ABC News, the Huffington Post and other major international newspapers.
By exploring the developmental origins of reputation, Botto's research investigates when and how humans, unlike many other animals, care about what other people think. She designs experiments for children of 14 months to five years and studies when and how they begin to alter their behavior to garner positive evaluations from others. Her goal is to understand why humans come to care about their reputation as well as the factors that contribute to inter-individual differences.
Sara Valencia Botto | Speaker | TED.com