Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the "disappeared"
Fredy Peccerelli: Un antropólogo forense que cierra la cuestión de los "desaparecidos"
Fredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
a 36-year armed conflict.
de un conflicto armado de 36 años.
during the Cold War.
durante la Guerra Fría.
a small leftist insurgency
insurgencia izquierdista
por parte del Estado,
is 200,000 civilian victims,
200 000 víctimas civiles,
killed in the communities:
en las comunidades:
the elderly even.
mujeres, incluso ancianos.
about 40,000 others, the missing,
unos 40 000 que faltan,
los estamos buscando.
are Mayan victims,
son víctimas mayas,
Central America.
de Centroamérica.
European descent.
de ascendencia europea.
defend us, the police, the military,
nos defienden, la policía, los militares,
la mayoría de los crímenes.
most of the crimes.
they want information.
quieren información.
de sus seres queridos.
what they want is they want you,
los quieren a Uds.,
that their loved ones did nothing wrong.
seres queridos no hicieron nada malo.
received death threats in 1980.
amenazas de muerte en 1980.
y nos vinimos aquí.
and I went to New Utrecht High School
a la secundaria de New Utrecht
de Brooklyn.
was happening in Guatemala.
lo que pasó en Guatemala.
era demasiado doloroso.
to do something about it.
no hacer nada al respecto.
to look for the bodies,
para buscar los cuerpos,
and to look for part of myself as well.
y buscarme a mí también.
we give people information.
damos información a la gente.
familias y dejamos que ellos elijan.
and we let them choose.
us the stories,
contarnos su historia,
give us a piece of themselves.
regalen un pedazo de sí mismos.
going to compare
from the skeletons.
de los esqueletos.
estamos buscando los cuerpos;
we're looking for the bodies.
happened 32 years ago.
crímenes ocurrió hace 32 años.
the body, document it, and exhume it.
cuerpo, lo etiquetamos y lo exhumamos.
skeleton out of the ground.
tenemos estos cuerpos,
we take them back to the city, to our lab,
a la ciudad, al laboratorio,
to understand mainly two things:
tratamos de entender 2 cosas.
causada por un arma de fuego
wound to the back of the head
is who they are.
descubrir es quiénes son.
with that analysis
fragment of the bone
del hueso
DNA of the families, of course.
de los familiares, por supuesto.
is by showing you two cases.
esto es mostrándoles 2 casos.
of the military diary.
del diario militar.
out of somewhere in 1999.
contrabando traído de algún lugar en 1999.
is the state following individuals,
ha estado siguiendo a individuos,
wanted to change their country,
querían cambiar su país,
down is when they executed them.
fue cuando los ejecutaron.
you see a code,
amarillo, se ve un código,
means when they were executed.
significa cuando fueron ejecutados.
into play in a second.
an exhumation in 2003,
from 53 graves in a military base.
53 tumbas de una base militar.
of Sergio Saul Linares.
la familia de Sergio Saúl Linares.
at the university.
en la universidad.
Estatal de Iowa
to change his country.
para cambiar su país.
February 23, 1984.
de febrero de 1984.
executed on March 29, 1984,
el 29 de marzo de 1984,
information and their DNA,
información de la familia y su ADN,
that told us exactly what happened.
nos dicen exactamente lo que sucedió.
two weeks later,
que 2 semanas después,
otra concordancia
con Amancio Villatoro.
coincidió con el ADN de su familia.
also matched the DNA of that family.
that he was also in the diary.
él también estaba en el diario.
also executed on March 29, 1984.
lo ejecutaron el 29 de marzo de 1984.
how many bodies were in the grave?
¿cuántos cuerpos había en la tumba?
were executed on March 29, 1984?
el 29 de marzo 1984?"
Moises and Zoilo.
Hugo, Moisés y Zoilo.
todos capturados en diferentes lugares
all captured at different locations
was the DNA of those four families
era el ADN de esas 4 familias
and we found them.
y los encontramos.
and gave them back to the families.
y los devolvimos a las familias.
called CREOMPAZ.
llamada CREOMPAZ.
but the acronym really means
pero la sigla significa en realidad
Operaciones de Mantenimiento de Paz,
for Peacekeeping Operations.
trains peacekeepers from other countries,
guatemaltecos entrenaban
a los que trabajan para la ONU
like Haiti and the Congo.
within this military base,
que dentro de esta base militar,
and about two hours after we went in,
una orden de cateo
a total of 533 bodies.
con un total de 533 cuerpos.
on top of bodies.
entrenadas encima de cuerpos.
hands tied behind their backs,
de ellos, manos atadas a la espalda,
who were being executed.
a la hora de ser ejecutados.
por 533 familias.
was a grave full of women and children,
estaba llena de mujeres y niños,
a case like this?
un caso como este?
that happened on May 14, 1982,
que ocurrió el 14 de mayo de 1982
mató a los hombres,
in helicopters to an unknown location.
en helicópteros a un lugar desconocido.
clothing from the region
con la ropa de la región
were taken from.
a estas mujeres y niños.
and guess what?
del ADN, ¿y adivinen qué?
and Manuel Chen.
y a Manuel Chen.
and now we could prove it.
y ahora podíamos demostrarlo.
proves that this happened
demuestra que esto sucedió
were taken to this base.
trasladadas a esta base.
clothes, and she left him with a neighbor.
y ella lo dejó con un vecino.
a helicopter and never seen again
helicóptero y nunca lo han vuelto a ver
with anthropology, with genetics,
la arqueología, antropología, la genética,
giving a voice to the voiceless.
evidence for trials,
evidencia para los juicios,
last year in Guatemala
del año pasado en Guatemala
of genocide and sentenced to 80 years.
Ríos Montt culpable de genocidio
that this is happening everywhere --
que esto está sucediendo en todas partes,
right in front of us today --
justo delante nuestro,
any more missing.
más desaparecidos.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fredy Peccerelli - Forensic anthropologistFredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves.
Why you should listen
In Guatemala’s brutal civil war, 200,000 civilians were killed — and more than 40,000 of them were never found. They are referred to as the “disappeared,” and since the end of the conflict, their bodies have been found in unmarked mass graves with very little information to identify them.
Fredy Peccerelli has a personal connection to this tragic story. He was born in Guatemala, but when his father received threats from a death squad, his family left for the United States. It was 1980 and Peccerelli was 9. He quickly adapted to life in Brooklyn, New York. But in 1994, while a college student, he heard a presentation on the emerging field of forensic anthropology. The speakers talked about exhuming bodies from mass graves in Guatemala, and Peccerelli was fascinated. He wanted to help.
Peccerelli founded the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, which meets with the families of the “disappeared,” listens to their stories and takes DNA samples to match to exhumed bodies. In this way, they are able to piece together narratives of what happened — in order to give families closure and to provide evidence for the trials of those involved in the deaths.
Pecerrelli has been profiled on PBS, in The New York Times and more. He recently launched the “No More Missing” campaign to raise money for an interactive website to tell the stories of the Guatemalan "disappeared" on the global stage. He wants people across the world to see the connection between what happened Guatemala and what is happening today in countries like Mexico.
Fredy Peccerelli | Speaker | TED.com