Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the "disappeared"
Fredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves. Full bio
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a 36-year armed conflict.
d'un conflit armé de 36 ans,
during the Cold War.
en pleine guerre froide.
a small leftist insurgency
insurrection de gauche,
par une réponse dévastatrice de l'État
is 200,000 civilian victims,
200 000 victimes civiles,
killed in the communities:
the elderly even.
des femmes, même des aînés.
about 40,000 others, the missing,
are Mayan victims,
Central America.
de l'Amérique centrale
European descent.
sont d'origine européenne.
les personnes sensées nous protéger,
defend us, the police, the military,
most of the crimes.
la plupart des crimes.
they want information.
what they want is they want you,
ils veulent que vous sachiez,
that their loved ones did nothing wrong.
que leurs êtres chers étaient innocents.
received death threats in 1980.
a reçu des menaces de mort.
et nous sommes arrivés ici.
and I went to New Utrecht High School
à la New Utrecht High School,
du Brooklyn College.
was happening in Guatemala.
de ce qui se passait au Guatemala.
ça faisait trop mal d'y penser.
to do something about it.
que je me suis décidé à agir.
to look for the bodies,
pour chercher les corps,
and to look for part of myself as well.
et retrouver aussi une partie de moi-même.
we give people information.
nous donnons des informations aux gens,
and we let them choose.
et leur laissons le choix
us the stories,
give us a piece of themselves.
de donner une partie d'eux-mêmes.
going to compare
from the skeletons.
we're looking for the bodies.
nous recherchons les corps des victimes,
happened 32 years ago.
ont eu lieu il y a 32 ans.
the body, document it, and exhume it.
nettoyons le corps puis, après analyse,
littéralement le squelette de terre.
skeleton out of the ground.
we take them back to the city, to our lab,
nous les emmenons avec nous au laboratoire
to understand mainly two things:
principalement d'établir deux choses :
wound to the back of the head
par balle à l'arrière de la tête.
is who they are.
déterminer l'identité des victimes;
with that analysis
fragment of the bone
DNA of the families, of course.
bien sûr, à celui fourni par les familles.
is by showing you two cases.
prenons par exemple deux cas.
of the military diary.
est celui de ce journal militaire,
out of somewhere in 1999.
is the state following individuals,
de personnes surveillées par l'État,
wanted to change their country,
comme vous, voulaient changer leur pays −,
bon nombre d'informations,
down is when they executed them.
figure la date de leur exécution.
you see a code,
il y a un code.
means when they were executed.
et la date est celle de l'exécution.
into play in a second.
an exhumation in 2003,
from 53 graves in a military base.
de 53 tombes, près d'une base militaire.
of Sergio Saul Linares.
et la famille de Sergio Paul Linares.
at the university.
to change his country.
pour changer son pays.
February 23, 1984.
executed on March 29, 1984,
il a été exécuté le 29 mars 1984.
information and their DNA,
les témoignage de la famille, l'ADN,
that told us exactly what happened.
décrivant ce qui s'était réellement passé.
two weeks later,
deux semaines plus tard,
une deuxième correspondance,
au nom d'Amancio Villatoro.
also matched the DNA of that family.
lui aussi avec celui de la famille.
that he was also in the diary.
qu'il était aussi présent dans le journal.
also executed on March 29, 1984.
lui aussi été exécuté le 29 mars 1984.
how many bodies were in the grave?
combien y a-t-il de corps dans la tombe?
were executed on March 29, 1984?
ont été exécutées le 29 mars 1984?
Moises and Zoilo.
Hugo, Moises et Zoilo;
all captured at different locations
tous capturés à différents endroits,
was the DNA of those four families
que l'ADN de leurs familles.
and we found them.
et nous les avons trouvées.
and gave them back to the families.
corps et les rendre à leurs familles.
called CREOMPAZ.
du nom de CREOMPAZ,
but the acronym really means
Mais en réalité, l'acronyme signifie
for Peacekeeping Operations.
des opérations de maintien de la paix.
trains peacekeepers from other countries,
forment les soldats de la paix étrangers,
servant dans les Nations Unies
like Haiti and the Congo.
dans des pays comme Haïti ou le Congo.
within this military base,
affirmant que dans cette base militaire
and about two hours after we went in,
avec un mandat : deux heures plus tard,
a total of 533 bodies.
de 84 tombes, totalisant 533 corps.
on top of bodies.
sont formés sur des fosses communes,
hands tied behind their backs,
terre, les mains attachées dans le dos,
avec de multiples traumas −,
who were being executed.
sans défense, exécutées,
que 533 familles recherchaient.
was a grave full of women and children,
était pleine de femmes et d'enfants,
a case like this?
où mentionne-t-on un tel cas?
that happened on May 14, 1982,
d'un massacre survenu le 14 mai 1982,
in helicopters to an unknown location.
en hélicoptère vers un lieu inconnu.
clothing from the region
correspondent à ceux portés dans la région
were taken from.
and guess what?
and Manuel Chen.
Martina Rojas et Manuel Chen,
nous pouvions en faire la preuve.
and now we could prove it.
des preuves tangibles attestant les faits
proves that this happened
avaient été emmenées à cette base.
were taken to this base.
nettoyer des vêtements,
clothes, and she left him with a neighbor.
que l'armée est arrivée
a helicopter and never seen again
pour ne jamais être revu,
with anthropology, with genetics,
giving a voice to the voiceless.
redonner une voix aux muets.
evidence for trials,
des preuves pour des procès,
last year in Guatemala
qui a eu lieu l'an dernier au Guatemala,
a été déclaré coupable de génocide
of genocide and sentenced to 80 years.
pour vous dire que cela arrive partout :
that this is happening everywhere --
au Mexique, juste à côté.
right in front of us today --
pas laisser ça se produire.
à chercher de disparus.
any more missing.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fredy Peccerelli - Forensic anthropologistFredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves.
Why you should listen
In Guatemala’s brutal civil war, 200,000 civilians were killed — and more than 40,000 of them were never found. They are referred to as the “disappeared,” and since the end of the conflict, their bodies have been found in unmarked mass graves with very little information to identify them.
Fredy Peccerelli has a personal connection to this tragic story. He was born in Guatemala, but when his father received threats from a death squad, his family left for the United States. It was 1980 and Peccerelli was 9. He quickly adapted to life in Brooklyn, New York. But in 1994, while a college student, he heard a presentation on the emerging field of forensic anthropology. The speakers talked about exhuming bodies from mass graves in Guatemala, and Peccerelli was fascinated. He wanted to help.
Peccerelli founded the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, which meets with the families of the “disappeared,” listens to their stories and takes DNA samples to match to exhumed bodies. In this way, they are able to piece together narratives of what happened — in order to give families closure and to provide evidence for the trials of those involved in the deaths.
Pecerrelli has been profiled on PBS, in The New York Times and more. He recently launched the “No More Missing” campaign to raise money for an interactive website to tell the stories of the Guatemalan "disappeared" on the global stage. He wants people across the world to see the connection between what happened Guatemala and what is happening today in countries like Mexico.
Fredy Peccerelli | Speaker | TED.com