Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the "disappeared"
프레디 페셀레리 (Fredy Peccerelli): "실종된" 사람들의 행방을 수습해주는 범죄 인류학자
Fredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves. Full bio
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a 36-year armed conflict.
회복되는 중입니다.
during the Cold War.
a small leftist insurgency
좌파 세력의 반란이었지만
파괴적으로 대응했습니다.
민간인 피해자가 발생했는데
is 200,000 civilian victims,
killed in the communities:
안에서 살해당했습니다.
the elderly even.
노인을 가리지 않고요.
about 40,000 others, the missing,
찾고 있는 사람들이죠.
are Mayan victims,
Central America.
European descent.
유럽인의 후손입니다.
defend us, the police, the military,
저질렀다는 것입니다.
most of the crimes.
they want information.
정보를 원합니다.
알고싶어 합니다.
시신을 원합니다.
what they want is they want you,
그들은 당신을 원합니다.
that their loved ones did nothing wrong.
잘못이 없음을 모두가 알았으면 해요.
received death threats in 1980.
1980년에 살해협박을 받으셨습니다.
이곳으로 왔습니다.
and I went to New Utrecht High School
뉴 우트렛트 고등학교을 다녔죠.
was happening in Guatemala.
너무 고통스러운 일이었으니까요.
to do something about it.
무언가 하기로 결심했습니다.
to look for the bodies,
과테말라로 돌아갔습니다.
and to look for part of myself as well.
제 자신의 일부를 찾기 위해서요.
we give people information.
정보를 주는 방식으로 일합니다.
and we let them choose.
그들이 결심하게 했죠.
us the stories,
하도록 결심하게 했습니다.
사람들에 대해서요.
give us a piece of themselves.
우리에게 주도록 결심하게 만들었어요.
본질적인 일부를요.
going to compare
대조할 대상이 됩니다.
from the skeletons.
우리는 시신을 찾죠.
we're looking for the bodies.
happened 32 years ago.
32년 전에 발생했으니까요.
the body, document it, and exhume it.
기록한 후, 발굴해내죠.
skeleton out of the ground.
백골을 땅에서 꺼냅니다.
we take them back to the city, to our lab,
우리의 연구실로 가져갑니다.
to understand mainly two things:
알아내기 위한 과정을 시작하죠.
wound to the back of the head
머리 뒷쪽에 난 총상이나
is who they are.
그게 누구인가 입니다.
with that analysis
fragment of the bone
할 일이 끝난 후 입니다.
DNA of the families, of course.
DNA와 대조합니다.
is by showing you two cases.
두가지 사례를 보여드리겠습니다.
of the military diary.
out of somewhere in 1999.
밀반출된 문서입니다.
is the state following individuals,
사람들의 인적 사항이 나와있죠.
wanted to change their country,
조국을 바꾸려다 수배된 사람들이요.
작성되어 있습니다.
down is when they executed them.
그들이 언제 처형되었는지도 있습니다.
you see a code,
보시면 부호가 있는데요
means when they were executed.
날짜는 처형된 날을 의미합니다.
into play in a second.
사례로 넘어가 보겠습니다.
발굴 활동을 진행했는데요.
an exhumation in 2003,
from 53 graves in a military base.
220구의 시신을 발굴했습니다.
of Sergio Saul Linares.
가족이 처형되어 있습니다.
at the university.
to change his country.
과테말라로 돌아갔죠.
February 23, 1984.
납치되었습니다.
executed on March 29, 1984,
3월 29일에 처형되었습니다.
information and their DNA,
가족들의 정보와 DNA가 있었죠.
that told us exactly what happened.
정확히 알려주는 자료를 가지고 있죠.
two weeks later,
2주 후에 일어났는데요,
일치가 나타났습니다.
also matched the DNA of that family.
DNA와 일치한거죠.
that he was also in the diary.
있다는 것을 알아챘습니다.
also executed on March 29, 1984.
처형되었다는 사실을 보았습니다.
how many bodies were in the grave?
"무덤안에 몇 구의 시신이 있었을까?"
were executed on March 29, 1984?
1984년 3월 29일에 처형됐을까?"
Moises and Zoilo.
휴고, 모세스, 졸로를 찾아냈죠.
all captured at different locations
was the DNA of those four families
그 4명의 가족들의 DNA였습니다.
and we found them.
and gave them back to the families.
확인하여 가족들에게 돌려줬습니다.
다른 사례는
called CREOMPAZ.
한 군사 기지에 대한 것입니다.
but the acronym really means
뜻이지만 실제 의미는
for Peacekeeping Operations.
지역 사령부 입니다.
trains peacekeepers from other countries,
평화 유지군을 훈련시키는 곳이죠.
like Haiti and the Congo.
국가들로 가게 되죠.
within this military base,
증언을 확보했는데요
있다는 것이었습니다.
and about two hours after we went in,
그곳에 갔고 들어간지 약 두시간만에
a total of 533 bodies.
총 533구의 시신들을 발견했죠.
on top of bodies.
훈련을 받고 있던 것입니다.
hands tied behind their backs,
대부분이 손이 뒤로 묶여있고,
갖가지 외상이 있었는데
who were being executed.
사람들이었습니다.
초점을 맞춰 보겠습니다.
was a grave full of women and children,
가득 찬 무덤이었다는 것을 알아냈죠.
a case like this?
이런 사례가 또 어디에 있을까?
도착했을 때
that happened on May 14, 1982,
대량학살 사례를 들었습니다.
in helicopters to an unknown location.
알 수 없는 곳으로 데려갔다는 거였죠.
clothing from the region
were taken from.
and guess what?
실시했습니다. 어떻게 됐을까요?
마뉴엘 찬의 신원을 확인했어요.
and Manuel Chen.
and now we could prove it.
이제 그것을 증명할 수 있게 됬죠.
proves that this happened
사람들이 이 기지로 납치되었다는
were taken to this base.
clothes, and she left him with a neighbor.
강으로 가면서 그를 이웃에 맡겼죠.
a helicopter and never seen again
찾기 전까지 볼 수 없었죠.
with anthropology, with genetics,
인류학, 유전학을 통해
giving a voice to the voiceless.
목소리를 주고 있습니다.
일을 하고 있습니다.
evidence for trials,
작년에 진행된 학살 재판과 같은
last year in Guatemala
제공하고 있습니다.
유죄를 선고받아 80년 형에 처해졌죠.
of genocide and sentenced to 80 years.
that this is happening everywhere --
일어나고 있다고 말하기 위해 왔어요.
right in front of us today --
맥시코에서도 일어나고 있으며
내버려 둘 수 없습니다.
실종이 발생하지 않도록 하기 위해
any more missing.
더이상은 실종자가 없도록 말이죠.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fredy Peccerelli - Forensic anthropologistFredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves.
Why you should listen
In Guatemala’s brutal civil war, 200,000 civilians were killed — and more than 40,000 of them were never found. They are referred to as the “disappeared,” and since the end of the conflict, their bodies have been found in unmarked mass graves with very little information to identify them.
Fredy Peccerelli has a personal connection to this tragic story. He was born in Guatemala, but when his father received threats from a death squad, his family left for the United States. It was 1980 and Peccerelli was 9. He quickly adapted to life in Brooklyn, New York. But in 1994, while a college student, he heard a presentation on the emerging field of forensic anthropology. The speakers talked about exhuming bodies from mass graves in Guatemala, and Peccerelli was fascinated. He wanted to help.
Peccerelli founded the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, which meets with the families of the “disappeared,” listens to their stories and takes DNA samples to match to exhumed bodies. In this way, they are able to piece together narratives of what happened — in order to give families closure and to provide evidence for the trials of those involved in the deaths.
Pecerrelli has been profiled on PBS, in The New York Times and more. He recently launched the “No More Missing” campaign to raise money for an interactive website to tell the stories of the Guatemalan "disappeared" on the global stage. He wants people across the world to see the connection between what happened Guatemala and what is happening today in countries like Mexico.
Fredy Peccerelli | Speaker | TED.com