TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Markus Fischer: Robot, mis lendab kui lind
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Paljud robotid suudavad lennata, kuid seni ei ole ükski seade suutnud lennata nagu päris lind. Seda polnud tehtud enne, kui Markus Fischer oma kolleegidega Festost ehitas valmis SmartBirdi - suure, kerge linnu välimusega roboti, mis on modelleeritud kajaka eeskujul ning mis lendab nagu lind, tiibu lehvitades. Kõrgelennuline demo konverentsilt TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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Inimkonna üks suurimaid unistusi
on olnud lennata nagu lind.
on olnud lennata nagu lind.
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Linnud on väga liikuvad.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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Neil suudavad lennata ilma
pöörlevate seadmete abita
pöörlevate seadmete abita
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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lihtsalt lehvitades oma tiibu.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Vaatasime, kuidas linnud lendavad
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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ja proovisime ehitada mudeli,
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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mis oleks võimas, ülikerge
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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ja suurepärase aerodünaamikaga,
00:41
that would fly by its own
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mis võimaldaks üksnes tiibu
lehvitades iseseisvalt lennata,
lehvitades iseseisvalt lennata,
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Mis oleks veel parem
eeskuju kui hõbekajakas,
eeskuju kui hõbekajakas,
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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kes suudab vabalt mere
kohal tiirutada ja pikeerida.
kohal tiirutada ja pikeerida.
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Panime kokku oma tiimi,
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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kuhu kuulub nii generaliste
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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kui ka aerodünaamika eksperte,
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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kes tunnevad purilennukite ehitust.
01:06
And the task was to build
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Eesmärgiks oli ehitada valmis
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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ülikerge siseruumides lendav mudel,
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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mis lendaks teie peade kohal.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Olge siis pärast tähelepanelikud.
(Naer)
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Probleem oli aga selles,
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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kuidas ehitada see nii kerge,
01:23
that no one would be hurt
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et keegi selle kukkudes viga ei saaks.
01:25
if it fell down.
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01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Miks me selle asja üldse ette võtsime?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Meie firma tegutseb
automaatikavaldkonnas
automaatikavaldkonnas
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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ja meie eesmärgiks on teha
väga kergeid seadmeid,
väga kergeid seadmeid,
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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kuna see on energiasäästlik.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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Tahame õppida paremini tundma
pneumaatikat ja õhuvoolude juhtimist
pneumaatikat ja õhuvoolude juhtimist
01:41
pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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01:44
So I now would like you
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Palun kinnitage nüüd turvavöö
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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ja pange mütsid pähe.
01:49
and put your hats [on].
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01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Proovime nüüd korra SmartBirdi lennutada.
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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01:56
Thank you.
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Aitäh!
01:58
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
02:14
(Applause)
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(Kiiduavaldused, aplaus)
02:52
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
(Aplaus, kiiduavaldused)
03:07
So we can now
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Nüüd saame SmartBirdi lähemalt vaadata.
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Siin on üks mudel ilma välise kestata.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Tiiva ulatus on umbes kaks meetrit.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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Pikkus on 1 meeter ja 6 sentimeetrit
03:21
and the weight,
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ja kaal kõigest 450 grammi.
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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See on valmistatud süsinikkiust.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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Keskel on mootor
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and we also have a gear in it,
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ja ajam selle sees,
03:35
and we use the gear
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kasutame seda mootori ringiajamiseks.
03:37
to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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Mootoris on kolm Halli tajurit,
03:43
so we know exactly where
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nii on täpselt teada, mis asendis tiib on.
03:46
the wing is.
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03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Kui nüüd lüüa tiibadega üles ja alla
03:56
we have the possibility
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siis on võimalik lennata nagu lind.
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Kui tiib lööb alla, on sel lai tõukepind,
04:03
and if you go up,
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ja kui lööb üles, siis ei ole see lapiti
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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ja tiiba on lihtsam üles tõsta.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Järgmise probleemina võtsime ette
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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liikumise koordinatsiooni küsimuse.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Seda tuleb pöörata, liigutada üles ja alla.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Tiib on liigendatud.
04:27
With a split wing
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Liigendatud tiivaga on
tõstejõud tiiva ülemisel osal
tõstejõud tiiva ülemisel osal
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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ja tõukejõud tiiva alumisel osal.
04:35
Also, we see
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Nii saab mõõta ka
aerodünaamilist efektiivsust.
aerodünaamilist efektiivsust.
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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04:40
We had knowledge about
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Kui teada elektromehhaaniline efektiivsust
04:42
the electromechanical efficiency
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04:44
and then we can calculate
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siis saab arvutada välja ka
aerodünaamilise efektiivsuse.
aerodünaamilise efektiivsuse.
04:46
the aerodynamic efficiency.
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04:48
So therefore,
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Seepärast toimub üleminek
passiivsest väändejõust aktiivseni,
passiivsest väändejõust aktiivseni,
04:50
it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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04:53
from 30 percent
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30 protsendilt 80 protsendini.
04:55
up to 80 percent.
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04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Järgmiseks tuli juhtida ja reguleerida
konstruktsiooni tervikuna.
konstruktsiooni tervikuna.
04:59
we have to control and regulate
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05:01
the whole structure.
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05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Vaid juhtimise ja reguleerimise abil
on võimalik saavutada vajalik
aerodünaamiline efektiivsus.
aerodünaamiline efektiivsus.
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Keskmine energiakulu
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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on lendu tõusmisel umbes 25 vatti
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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ja lennates 16-18 vatti.
05:18
Thank you.
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Aitäh.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani:
Markus, seda võiks veel korra lennutada.
Markus, seda võiks veel korra lennutada.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Jah, muidugi.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Imestushüüded)
(Aplaus)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Aplaus, kiiduavaldused)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com