TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
如鸟儿飞翔的机器人
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很多机器人都能飞--但是没有一个可以像一只真鸟儿那样真正飞翔。直到马库斯·菲舍尔(Markus Fischer)和他的团队在费斯托(Festo)成功造出智能鸟，这是一个大型，超轻，呈海鸥外形的机器人，如真鸟儿一样通过拍动翅膀飞行。看看它怎样在TEDGlobal2011大会上一飞冲天吧。
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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像鸟儿一样飞翔
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to fly like a bird.
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是人类的一个梦想。
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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鸟儿敏捷灵活。
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They fly, not with rotating components,
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它们不需借助旋转构件即可飞翔，
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so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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只要拍拍翅膀它们就能飞起来。
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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所以我们仰望鸟儿，
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and we tried to make a model
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并尝试去建一个模型
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that is powerful, ultralight,
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这个模型必须超轻，
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and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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并且具备卓越的空气动力性能
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that would fly by its own
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从而拥有通过扇动翅膀
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and only by flapping its wings.
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来真正飞翔的能力。
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So what would be better [than] to use
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那么以什么鸟形建模好呢？
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the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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银鸥，这种鸟可以自由地
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circling and swooping over the sea,
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在海面上空盘旋和俯冲，
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and [to] use this as a role model?
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我们选择以此建模。
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So we bring a team together.
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所以我们组建起一个团队。
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There are generalists and also specialists
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他们中有兼通各领域的多面手
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in the field of aerodynamics
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有空气动力学专家
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in the field of building gliders.
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也有滑翔机制造专家。
01:06
And the task was to build
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我们的任务是
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an ultralight indoor-flying model
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建一个超轻的可在室内飞行的模型
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that is able to fly over your heads.
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可以飞过你们的头顶。
01:14
So be careful later on.
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所以一会儿要小心咯。
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And this was one issue:
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但这曾是一个问题：
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to build it that lightweight
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怎么把它造得非常轻
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that no one would be hurt
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轻到如果它掉下来
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if it fell down.
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不会伤到人。
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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为什么我们要这么做？
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We are a company in the field of automation,
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我们是一家从事自动化控制的公司，
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and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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打算采用非常轻型的结构
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because that's energy efficient,
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因为这样更节能。
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and we'd like to learn more about
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而我们也想对
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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气体力学和气流现象了解更多。
01:44
So I now would like you
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现在希望诸位
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to [put] your seat belts on
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系紧你们的安全带
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and put your hats [on].
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带好头盔。
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So maybe we'll try it once --
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我们来尝试一次
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to fly a SmartBird.
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放飞智能鸟吧。
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Thank you.
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谢谢。
01:58
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
02:14
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
02:52
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
03:07
So we can now
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现在我们可以
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look at the SmartBird.
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一睹智能鸟了。
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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这里是一个没有外壳的。
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We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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它的翼展约为两米。
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The length is one meter and six,
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体长为一米六。
03:21
and the weight,
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而体重
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it is only 450 grams.
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只有450克。
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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它整体都是碳纤维材料做的。
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In the middle we have a motor,
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在中间有一个马达，
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and we also have a gear in it,
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和齿轮结构。
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and we use the gear
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我们利用齿轮
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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来转换马达的运动。
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So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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马达上有三个霍尔传感器，
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so we know exactly where
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那么我们就知道
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the wing is.
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翅膀的具体位置。
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And if we now beat up and down ...
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如果让这翅膀上下拍打的话
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we have the possibility
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那我们就有可能
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to fly like a bird.
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让它像鸟儿一样飞起来了。
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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当俯冲的时候，它的推进面积足够大。
04:03
and if you go up,
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同时上行的时候，
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the wings are not that large,
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翅膀也不是非常大，
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and it is easier to get up.
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所以它比较容易爬升。
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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所以下一个事情，
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or the challenges we did,
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或者说下一个挑战我们面对的
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was to coordinate this movement.
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是如何协调这种运动。
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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我们必须使它飞上飞下。
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We have a split wing.
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我们采用了分裂式翼。
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With a split wing
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通过分裂式的翅膀设计
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we get the lift at the upper wing,
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使它通过上层翼得到升力，
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and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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下层翼得到推进力。
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Also, we see
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同时，我们也知道
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how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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如何测算出它的空气动力效能。
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We had knowledge about
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我们必须掌握
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the electromechanical efficiency
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电机效率
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and then we can calculate
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然后就能计算出
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the aerodynamic efficiency.
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空气动力效能。
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So therefore,
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所以，
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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从被动扭曲力转化为主动扭曲力，它的效能从
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from 30 percent
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30%提高到
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up to 80 percent.
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80%。
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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下一件我们要做的，
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we have to control and regulate
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就是要控制和调整
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the whole structure.
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整个结构。
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Only if you control and regulate it,
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只有控制和调整好它
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you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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才能得到预期的空气动力效能。
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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所以整体能量消耗
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is about 25 watts at takeoff
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大概是起飞25瓦
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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飞行是16到18瓦特。
05:18
Thank you.
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谢谢
05:20
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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布鲁诺·朱桑尼：马库斯，不如我们再放飞一次怎么样。
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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马库斯·菲舍尔：当然。
05:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:53
(Gasps)
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（惊叹）
06:02
(Cheers)
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（欢呼）
06:04
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com