TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Robot, ktorý lieta ako vták
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Mnoho robotov dokáže lietať, ale žiaden z nich nevie lietať ako skutočný vták. Platilo to dovtedy, kým Markus Fischer a jeho tým v spoločnosti Fest nepostavili malý ľahký robot SmartBird, pre ktorý bola modelom čajka a ktorý lieta tak, že máva krídlami. Plachtiaca demoverzia priamo z konferencie TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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Je snom ľudstva
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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lietať ako vták.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Vtáky sú veľmi vrtké.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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Nelietajú tak, že ich časti rotujú,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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ale lietajú tak, že len mávajú krídlami.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Pozreli sme sa teda na vtáky
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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a pokúsili sme sa vytvoriť model,
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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ktorý je výkonný, ultraľahký
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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a ktorý musí mať vynikajúce aerodynamické vlastnosti,
00:41
that would fly by its own
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aby mohol letieť úplne sám,
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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a to len tak, že bude mávať krídlami.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Čo by sa naň dalo použiť lepšie
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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ako čajka strieborná, ktorá je voľná,
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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krúži nad morom, vrhá sa na korisť -
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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a použiť ju ako vzor?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Dali sme dokopy tím.
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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Sú v ňom všestranní ľudia, ale aj špecialisti
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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v oblasti aerodynamiky
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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a stavby klzákov.
01:06
And the task was to build
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Našou úlohou bolo postaviť
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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ultraľahký model na lietanie v uzavretých priestoroch,
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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ktorý by bol schopný lietať nad vašimi hlavami.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Neskôr si teda dávajte pozor.
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Jedným z problémov bolo
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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postaviť ho s takou nízkou hmotnosťou,
01:23
that no one would be hurt
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aby v prípade, že spadne,
01:25
if it fell down.
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nikoho nezranil.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Prečo to všetko robíme?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Sme spoločnosť pôsobiaca v oblasti automatizácie
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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a radi by sme vyrábali veľmi ľahké konštrukcie,
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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pretože sú energeticky účinné.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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Radi by sme sa naučili viac
01:41
pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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o pneumatike a javoch toku vzduchu.
01:44
So I now would like you
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Teraz by som vás poprosil,
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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aby ste sa pripútali
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and put your hats [on].
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a nasadili si klobúky.
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Môžeme raz vyskúšať,
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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ako robot SmartBird lieta.
01:56
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
02:14
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
02:52
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
03:07
So we can now
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Teraz sa môžeme pozrieť,
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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ako robot SmartBird vyzerá.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Tu je jeden bez vonkajšieho plášťa.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Rozpätie krídel je približne dva metre,
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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dĺžka 1,06 m
03:21
and the weight,
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a hmotnosť
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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len 450 gramov.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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Je celý z uhlíkových vláken.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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V strede je motor
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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a tiež prevod.
03:35
and we use the gear
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Tento prevod používame
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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na prenos otáčok motora.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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V motore sú tri senzory Hall,
03:43
so we know exactly where
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takže presne vieme,
03:46
the wing is.
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v ktorej pozícii sa krídlo nachádza.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Teraz, keď budeme mávať krídlami hore a dolu,
03:56
we have the possibility
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budeme mať možnosť
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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lietať ako vták.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Keď pôjde dolu, má veľkú plochu pohonu,
04:03
and if you go up,
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a keď pôjde hore,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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krídla nie sú také veľké
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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a je ľahšie zdvihnúť sa.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Ďalšia vec, ktorú sme spravili,
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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alebo jedna z výziev, ktorej sme úspešne čelili,
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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bolo skoordinovať tento pohyb.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Musíme ich pootočiť, dať hore a dole.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Tu je rozdelené krídlo.
04:27
With a split wing
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S rozdeleným krídlom
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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dostaneme zdvih na hornej časti krídla
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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a pohon na dolnej časti krídla.
04:35
Also, we see
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Taktiež vidíme,
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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ako prebieha meranie aerodynamickej účinnosti.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Mali sme poznatky
04:42
the electromechanical efficiency
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o elektromechanickej účinnosti,
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and then we can calculate
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a potom sme mohli vypočítať
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the aerodynamic efficiency.
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aerodynamickú účinnosť.
04:48
So therefore,
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Preto
04:50
it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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stúpa z pasívneho skrútenia do aktívneho skrútenia,
04:53
from 30 percent
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z 30 percent
04:55
up to 80 percent.
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až na 80 percent.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Ďalšou vecou, ktorú treba riešiť,
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we have to control and regulate
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je kontrola a regulácia
05:01
the whole structure.
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celej konštrukcie.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Túto aerodynamickú účinnosť dosiahnete len vtedy,
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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keď celú konštrukciu kontrolujete a regulujete.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Celková spotreba energie
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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je približne 25 Wattov pri vzlete
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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a 16 až 18 Wattov počas letu.
05:18
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani: Markus, myslím, že by sme ho mali nechať letieť ešte raz.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Áno, samozrejme.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Vzdychy)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Pokriky)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com