TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Robot koji leti kao ptica
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Mnogi roboti mogu da lete -- ali nijedan ne može da leti kao prava ptica. Tačnije, sve dok Markus Fišer i njegov tim u Festou nisu napravili "SmartBird", velikog i laganog robota koji, napravljen po uzoru na galeba, leti mašući krilima. Demonstracija leta je izvedena na konferenciji TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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San ljudske rase
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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je da leti kao ptica.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Ptice su veoma pokretne.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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Lete bez komponenti koje rotiraju,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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samo mašući krilima.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Posmatrali smo ptice,
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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i pokušali da napravimo model
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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koji je snažan, a veoma lak,
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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i vrlo aerodinamičan
00:41
that would fly by its own
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koji bi leteo sam od sebe
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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samo mašući krilima.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Dakle, šta bi bilo bolje kao model
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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nego galeb,
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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koji slobodno leti nad morem
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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i u njega zaranja?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Okupili smo tim.
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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Šire i uže specijalizovanih stručnjaka
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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u oblasti aerodinamike
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in the field of building gliders.
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i izgradnje jedrilica.
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And the task was to build
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I zadatak je bio da se napravi
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an ultralight indoor-flying model
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vrlo lak, leteći model za unutrašnji prostor
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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koji može da leti iznad nas.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Tako da, budite oprezni kasnije.
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Zadatak je bio
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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napraviti ga veoma lakog
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that no one would be hurt
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kako niko ne bi bio povređen
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if it fell down.
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ukoliko se sruši.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Dakle, zašto radimo sve ovo?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Mi smo kompanija koja se bavi automatikom,
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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i voleli bismo da pravimo lake strukture
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because that's energy efficient,
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zbog uštede energije.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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I voleli bismo da naučimo više o
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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pneumaticima i fenomenu protoka vazduha,
01:44
So I now would like you
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Sada bih voleo da
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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se vežete
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and put your hats [on].
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i stavite svoje kape.
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Pa da pokušamo
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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da poletimo SmartBirdom.
01:56
Thank you.
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Hvala.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:14
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:52
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:07
So we can now
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Sada možemo
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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pogledati SmartBird.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Ovde je jedna bez kože.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Raspon krila je oko dva metra.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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Dužina metar i šezdeset.
03:21
and the weight,
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težina je
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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samo 450 grama.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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I cela je od karbonskih vlakana.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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U sredini je motor,
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and we also have a gear in it,
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koji ima menjač.
03:35
and we use the gear
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Menjač koristimo
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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za prenos cirkulacije motora.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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U motoru imamo tri "Hol" senzore,
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so we know exactly where
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tako da tačno znamo gde
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the wing is.
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je krilo.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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I ako sad mašemo gore dole
03:56
we have the possibility
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možemo
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to fly like a bird.
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da letimo kao ptica.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Tako da, ako idete dole, imate veliku površinu za pogon.
04:03
and if you go up,
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A ako idete gore
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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krila nisu toliko velika,
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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i lakše je podići se.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Naredna stvar koju smo napravili,
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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ili, naredni izazov koji smo prihvatili,
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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bilo je da koordiniramo ove pokrete.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Moramo da je okrenemo, idemo gore i dole.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Imamo podeljeno krilo.
04:27
With a split wing
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Njime
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we get the lift at the upper wing,
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stvaramo pritisak na gornjem krilu,
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and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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i imamo pogon na donjem krilu.
04:35
Also, we see
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Takođe, možemo da vidimo
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how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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kako da izmerimo aerodinamičnu efikasnost.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Znali smo za
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the electromechanical efficiency
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aerodinamičnu efikasnost
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and then we can calculate
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i mogli smo da je
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the aerodynamic efficiency.
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izračunamo.
04:48
So therefore,
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Dakle,
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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penje se od pasivne ka aktivnoj torziji,
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from 30 percent
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od 30 odsto
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up to 80 percent.
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do 80 odsto.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Sledeća stvar koju moramo da uradimo
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we have to control and regulate
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kako bismo kontrolisali i regulisali
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the whole structure.
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celu strukturu.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Samo ukoliko je kontrolišete i regulišete,
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you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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postići ćete aerodinamičnu efikasnost.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Tako je ukupna potrošnja energije
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is about 25 watts at takeoff
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oko 25 vati pri uzletanju
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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i od 16 do 18 vati u toku leta.
05:18
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Đusani: Markus, mislim da bi trebalo da to ponovimo.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fišer: Da, sigurno.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Uzdasi)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Ovacije)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com